This document provides an overview of the Android operating system, including its history and development. It describes Android's origins at Google and the Open Handset Alliance in 2007. It outlines the major versions of Android from 1.0 to the present and discusses Android's open source architecture, including its Linux kernel base, native C/C++ libraries, Java-based framework and application layer. The document also briefly touches on Android's advantages in customization and applications, as well as some of its limitations, such as requirements for Java and SDK use.

1. Overview Of Android
Made by:- Ank
Usn:- 1BY12MCA06

2. What is Android?
 History & Versions
Open source alliances
Open handset alliances
Various Android devices
Android Architecture overviews
Android market
Android framework and layers
Advantages
Limitations
Conclusion
Contents:-

3. What is ANDROID?
 Google's Android is an open-source platform that's
currently available on a wide variety of smart phones
and devices.
 Android is a software stack for
smart phone devices that includes an
operating system, middleware and
key applications.

4. History
 The version history of the Android mobile system began
with the release of the Android beta in 5 November 2007.
The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released
in 23 September 2008.
 Android is under ongoing development by Google and
the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a
number of updates to its base operating system since its
initial release.
 Since April 2009, Android versions have been developed
under a confectionery-themed code name and released in
alphabetical order; the exceptions are versions 1.0 and 1.1

5. Versions
 Android alpha (1.0)
 Android beta (1.1)
 Cupcake (1.5)
 Doughnut (1.6)
 Eclair (2.0–2.1)
 Froyo (2.2–2.2.3)
 Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7)
 Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6)
 Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4)
 Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1)
 KitKat (4.4–4.4.4)
 “L” release (developer preview)

6. Open Handset Alliance
• Est. 5th
Nov 2007, led by Google, open
Source
• Main Product Android Platform
• Enthusiastic Support from Industry
– Equipment makers
– Network Operators

7. A business alliance consisting of 47
companies to develop open standards for
mobile devices
OHA (Open Handset Alliance)

8. Various Android devices

10. Android Architecture Overview
The software stack is split into Four
Layers::
• The application layer
• The application framework
• The libraries and runtime
• The kernel

12. LINUX
KERNEL
•The architecture is based on the Linux 2.6 kernel.
Android use Linux kernel as its hardware abstraction
layer between the hardware and rest of the software.
•It also provides memory management, process
management, a security model, and networking, a lot
of core operating system infrastructures that are
robust and have been proven over time

13. NATIVE LIBRARIES
• The next level up is the native libraries.
Everything that you see here in green is written
in C and C++.

14. Android Run Time
•The Android Runtime was designed specifically for
Android to meet the needs of running in an embedded
environment where you have limited battery, limited
memory, limited CPU.
•The DVM runs something called dex files, D-E-X and
these are byte codes that are the results of converting at
build time. Class and JAR Files.

15. Android Run Time
•This is in blue, meaning that it's written in
the Java programming language.
•The core library contains all of the collection
classes, utilities, IO, all the utilities and tools
that you’ve come to expected to use.

16. Application Framework
•This is all written in a Java programming language and
the application framework is the toolkit that all
applications use.
•These applications include the ones that come with a
phone like the home applications, or the phone
application.
•It includes applications written by Google, and it
includes apps that will be written by you.
•So, all apps use the same framework and the same
APIs.

17. Application layer
•And the final layer on top is Applications.
•This is where all the applications get written.
•It includes the home application, the contacts
application, the browser, and your apps.
•And everything at this layer is, again, using the same
app framework provided by the layers below.

18. Android Market (Google Play)
 https://play.google.com/store
 Has various categories, allows ratings
 Have both free/paid apps
 Featured apps on web and on phone
 The Android Market (and iTunes/App Store) is great
for developers

19. ADVANTAGES
•The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform
•The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile
applications to choose from since the monopoly will be broken by
Google Android
•Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google
Android platform like never before
•Features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS feeds and
even the icons on the opening screen will be able to be customized
•As a result of many mobile phones carrying Google Android,
companies will come up with such innovative products like the
location
•In addition the entertainment functionalities will be taken a notch
higher by Google Android being able to offer online real time
multiplayer games

20. LIMITATIONS OF ANDROID
Development requirements in
• Java
• Android SDK
• Eclipse IDE (optional)
• Bluetooth limitations
• Firefox mobile isn't coming to android because of android limitations

21. CONCLUSION
We hope that the next versions of
Android have overcome the actual
limitations and that the future
possibilities became a reality and may
this software is also developed to use in
PC’s also.

22. References
 http://www.android.com - Android Official Webpage
 http://code.google.com/android/ - Official Android
Google Code Webpage
 http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/ - Open
Handset Alliance Webpage
 http://www.androidwiki.com – Android Wiki
 H ttp://googleblog.blogspot.com/ - Official Google
Blog

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(mobile_phone_pla
tform)–Wikipedia

23. THANK YOU
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