Anatomy of the Knee Joint.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•78 views
The knee joint is the largest synovial joint in the body. It consists of the articulation between the femur and tibia, which bears weight, and the articulation between the patella and femur. Two menisci act as shock absorbers between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau. The knee joint allows for flexion and extension like a hinge and is stabilized by ligaments and locking mechanisms when standing.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Biomechanics of hip
This document discusses biomechanics concepts related to total hip arthroplasty (THA). It begins by defining key terms like force, vector, moment, work, and Newton's laws of motion. It then discusses biomechanical factors specific to the hip joint and THA, including joint reaction forces, component positioning and orientation, impingement, range of motion, and fixation methods. The focus is on how component design and surgical technique can affect stability, range of motion, wear and longevity of the hip replacement.
Arches of foot
The document discusses the arches of the foot and their functions. It describes that there are three arches - the longitudinal medial and lateral arches, and the transverse arch. The medial longitudinal arch is the highest and most important arch, composed of several tarsal bones and supported by the tibialis anterior muscle. The lateral longitudinal arch is flatter and rests on the ground during standing. The transverse arch runs side to side across the foot. These arches are maintained through both passive factors like the shape of the bones and ligaments, as well as dynamic supports from the intrinsic foot muscles and muscles with long tendons.
Carpometacarpal ( C)
Carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis most commonly affects the thumb joint, causing pain and loss of motion. It involves wear and tearing of cartilage at the saddle joint between the thumb metacarpal and trapezium bones. Non-surgical treatments include splinting and injections, while surgical options range from joint preserving procedures like osteotomy to joint replacement or fusion depending on severity. Outcomes of different procedures include reduced pain and improved function.
Hip joint anatomy and biomechanics
The document discusses hip joint anatomy and biomechanics from the perspective of total hip arthroplasty. It describes key terms like kinematics and kinetics. It provides details on normal ranges of motion for the hip. It discusses femoral head anatomy and the forces acting on the hip during single leg stance, which can be up to 4 times body weight. Factors like leg length, weight, and abductor lever arm influence joint loading.
Evolution of Total Hip Replacement
This document discusses the history and evolution of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip replacement component designs. It outlines key developments from the late 19th century experiments with ivory and tissue replacements, to modern THA pioneered by Professor Charnley in the 1960s using bone cement and low friction materials. Current designs aim to restore normal hip biomechanics and include cemented or cementless femoral and acetabular components with various fixation methods and bearing surfaces to reduce wear. Future advances focus on minimally invasive techniques, computer navigation, and developing more durable and compliant bearing materials to improve implant longevity.
Anatomy and biomechanics of hip joint
The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. It is made up of the femoral head articulating with the acetabulum. Key anatomical structures include the acetabulum, femoral head, neck and greater trochanter. Ligaments such as the ligament of head of femur and transverse acetabular ligament provide stability. Muscles like the gluteals and iliopsoas are important for movement. Biomechanically, the hip acts as a lever with body weight counterbalanced by abductor muscles to maintain stability. Total hip replacements aim to reduce joint reaction forces by centralizing the femoral head.
Surgical approaches to hip joint
The hip joint is a ball and socket synovial joint that connects the femur to the acetabulum. It is the largest and most stable joint in the body. The hip joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Several strong ligaments reinforce the hip joint capsule to provide stability, including the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments. The main muscles that act on the hip joint are the gluteal muscles, iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, and adductors.
Bone cement
This document discusses bone cement, providing its history, composition, polymerization process, and techniques for use. Bone cement is composed of PMMA powder and methyl methacrylate liquid that undergo radical polymerization to form polymers. Proper bone cementing techniques like pulsatile lavage, vacuum mixing, and pressurization improve cement quality and fixation. Additives like antibiotics and opacifiers are used but can affect cement properties. Occupational and patient hazards like cement implantation syndrome require prevention through management of vapor exposure and embolic risks.
Recommended
Biomechanics of hip
This document discusses biomechanics concepts related to total hip arthroplasty (THA). It begins by defining key terms like force, vector, moment, work, and Newton's laws of motion. It then discusses biomechanical factors specific to the hip joint and THA, including joint reaction forces, component positioning and orientation, impingement, range of motion, and fixation methods. The focus is on how component design and surgical technique can affect stability, range of motion, wear and longevity of the hip replacement.
Arches of foot
The document discusses the arches of the foot and their functions. It describes that there are three arches - the longitudinal medial and lateral arches, and the transverse arch. The medial longitudinal arch is the highest and most important arch, composed of several tarsal bones and supported by the tibialis anterior muscle. The lateral longitudinal arch is flatter and rests on the ground during standing. The transverse arch runs side to side across the foot. These arches are maintained through both passive factors like the shape of the bones and ligaments, as well as dynamic supports from the intrinsic foot muscles and muscles with long tendons.
Carpometacarpal ( C)
Carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis most commonly affects the thumb joint, causing pain and loss of motion. It involves wear and tearing of cartilage at the saddle joint between the thumb metacarpal and trapezium bones. Non-surgical treatments include splinting and injections, while surgical options range from joint preserving procedures like osteotomy to joint replacement or fusion depending on severity. Outcomes of different procedures include reduced pain and improved function.
Hip joint anatomy and biomechanics
The document discusses hip joint anatomy and biomechanics from the perspective of total hip arthroplasty. It describes key terms like kinematics and kinetics. It provides details on normal ranges of motion for the hip. It discusses femoral head anatomy and the forces acting on the hip during single leg stance, which can be up to 4 times body weight. Factors like leg length, weight, and abductor lever arm influence joint loading.
Evolution of Total Hip Replacement
This document discusses the history and evolution of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip replacement component designs. It outlines key developments from the late 19th century experiments with ivory and tissue replacements, to modern THA pioneered by Professor Charnley in the 1960s using bone cement and low friction materials. Current designs aim to restore normal hip biomechanics and include cemented or cementless femoral and acetabular components with various fixation methods and bearing surfaces to reduce wear. Future advances focus on minimally invasive techniques, computer navigation, and developing more durable and compliant bearing materials to improve implant longevity.
Anatomy and biomechanics of hip joint
The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. It is made up of the femoral head articulating with the acetabulum. Key anatomical structures include the acetabulum, femoral head, neck and greater trochanter. Ligaments such as the ligament of head of femur and transverse acetabular ligament provide stability. Muscles like the gluteals and iliopsoas are important for movement. Biomechanically, the hip acts as a lever with body weight counterbalanced by abductor muscles to maintain stability. Total hip replacements aim to reduce joint reaction forces by centralizing the femoral head.
Surgical approaches to hip joint
The hip joint is a ball and socket synovial joint that connects the femur to the acetabulum. It is the largest and most stable joint in the body. The hip joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Several strong ligaments reinforce the hip joint capsule to provide stability, including the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments. The main muscles that act on the hip joint are the gluteal muscles, iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, and adductors.
Bone cement
This document discusses bone cement, providing its history, composition, polymerization process, and techniques for use. Bone cement is composed of PMMA powder and methyl methacrylate liquid that undergo radical polymerization to form polymers. Proper bone cementing techniques like pulsatile lavage, vacuum mixing, and pressurization improve cement quality and fixation. Additives like antibiotics and opacifiers are used but can affect cement properties. Occupational and patient hazards like cement implantation syndrome require prevention through management of vapor exposure and embolic risks.
Arches of foot
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the human foot. It describes how the foot is made up of bones, muscles, ligaments and arches that work together to support body weight and enable walking, running and balance. The medial and lateral longitudinal arches and transverse arch are described. Their roles in weight distribution, acting as levers and protecting structures are summarized. Common foot deformities such as flat feet, high arches, club foot and bunions are also outlined.
Surgical approach to acetabulum and pelvis
This document describes the anatomy and classification of acetabular fractures, as well as surgical approaches for treating different types of acetabular fractures. It discusses the Kocher-Langenbeck and Stoppa approaches for posterior and anterior fractures, respectively. Key points include that acetabular fractures can be classified into 5 simple and 5 associated fracture patterns, and surgical timing within 3 weeks of injury leads to better outcomes. The document provides details on surgical techniques for each approach.
MCL,LCL & ALL injuries of the knee
MCL. LCL.ALL injuries
To understand the relevant anatomy of the side ligaments of the knee
To study the mechanism of injury of each ligament and how to diagnose such injury
To highlight the different treatment options in acute or chronic situations
Bone cement
Bone cement, commonly known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is used to securely fix prosthetic implants like artificial joints to bone. It is composed of PMMA polymer powder and methyl methacrylate liquid that are mixed together to form a viscous substance. As it cures, it hardens into a solid that mechanically interlocks with bone and transfers loads. While cement fixation has risks like bone cement implantation syndrome, it remains the gold standard technique for prosthesis attachment due to its strength and success rates.
The Elbow - Anatomy, Injury, and Rehabilitation
I delivered this talk to a group of hand and arm therapists. Find out more about hand and arm problems at http://www.noelhenley.com
Ozark Orthopaedic: Henley C Noel MD
3317 North Wimberly Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72703
(479) 521-2752
Why do total knees fail
The document discusses total knee replacement (TKR) and defining its failure. An ideal TKR has properly aligned components in the correct anatomical planes with balanced soft tissues. Failure is defined as requiring revision surgery, with the main causes being aseptic loosening, deep infection, and pain. Joint registries provide data on patient characteristics, implants, and surgical techniques to evaluate safety and cost-effectiveness of TKR. Common indications for revision include aseptic loosening, infection, pain, and patellofemoral issues.
Acl reconstruction
This document provides detailed information about the anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). It describes the ACL's embryology, histology, blood supply, nerve supply, measurements, biomechanics, and variations. It discusses ACL injuries and reconstruction procedures. Key points include that the ACL attaches to oval footprints on the femur and tibia, has a spiral arrangement that allows it to tuck under the intercondylar notch, and is most commonly reconstructed using a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft.
High tibial osteotomy
High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure that involves correcting angular deformities of the tibia. It has been used to treat conditions like osteoarthritis, osteochondritis dissecans, and malalignment. There are several techniques for HTO including lateral closing wedge osteotomy, medial opening wedge osteotomy, and dome osteotomy. HTO can help relieve pain from unicompartmental osteoarthritis and delay the need for knee replacement in young, active patients. Potential complications include fracture, nonunion, nerve palsy, and issues that can make later knee replacement more difficult. Precise surgical planning and fixation are important for achieving good outcomes from HTO.
Surgical anatomy of knee joint
The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. It allows for both flexion and extension as well as some rotational movement. The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus. It contains two menisci that act as shock absorbers and help with joint lubrication. Stability is provided by ligaments like the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL as well as dynamic stabilizers like the quadriceps muscles. Proper functioning of the knee relies on the intricate interplay of its bony architecture and soft tissue structures.
Tribology in orthopaedics seminar
This document discusses tribology in orthopaedics. It begins with a brief history of tribology and introduces key concepts like friction, lubrication, and wear. It then discusses the mechanisms of lubrication in joints, including the roles of synovial fluid and cartilage. The document outlines the different regimes of lubrication and types of wear that can occur. It also explores the biological effects of wear particles and factors that influence wear rates of joint replacements.
Ankle joint
The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula bones to the talus bone of the foot. It allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion motions. The ankle joint is stabilized by ligaments including the deltoid ligament medially and the anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments laterally. The talus bone transmits weight from the leg to the foot and lacks a strong blood supply, making fractures of the talus prone to delayed healing.
Management of chronic knee pain
Interventions are the minimally invasive techniques to control chronic knee and joint pains. Some procedures are even offered to patients who are not fit to undergo surgery.
Clinical assessment of the rotator cuff
The document provides an overview of assessing the rotator cuff, including:
1) It describes the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff - supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor - and their functions.
2) Numerous clinical tests used to assess each muscle are outlined, such as Jobb's test for supraspinatus and Gerber's lift-off test for subscapularis.
3) Assessment involves taking a history, inspecting for deformities, and performing special tests like Codman's drop arm sign and the external rotation lag sign to isolate weak muscles.
3. biomechanics of Patellofemoral joint
The patellofemoral joint is one of the most incongruent joints in the body. It depends on static structures like the lateral lip of the femoral condyle and the length of the patellar tendon for stability. Forces through the joint increase significantly during activities like squatting or ascending stairs. Pathologies of the patellofemoral joint can include osteoarthritis, ligament injuries, meniscal tears, and patellofemoral pain syndrome resulting from an imbalance of forces through the joint.
Hip biomechanics
This document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint. It begins by defining biomechanics and describing the mobility and stability of the hip. It then discusses forces acting on the hip like body weight, abductor muscles, and joint reaction forces. It explains how these forces are balanced in different positions like two-leg stance, single-leg stance, and with the use of a cane. The document concludes by discussing implications for conditions like coxa valga and coxa vara, and principles of total hip replacement surgery.
Knee arthroscopy portals
This document describes the standard and optional portals used in knee arthroscopy. The standard portals are the anterolateral, anteromedial, and posteromedial portals. The anterolateral portal is created first and allows visualization of most knee structures. Portal placement is important to avoid damaging structures. Optional portals like the superolateral and posterolateral portals provide additional views but have risks if not carefully placed. Proper portal placement and technique are described to maximize visualization and safety.
knee biomechanics
The knee is made up of four bones that interact in two joints: the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. These joints allow flexion/extension, rotation, and translation while providing load transfer. The knee flexes from 0-135 degrees, and the femoral condyles translate posteriorly during flexion. The tibia externally rotates in extension and internally rotates in flexion, locking the knee. Larger Q angles increase risk of lateral patellar subluxation. Forces through the knee increase with activity from 0.3 times body weight while walking to 7 times body weight while squatting.
1. biomechanics of the knee joint basics
This document provides an overview of the biomechanics of the knee complex. It describes the knee as the largest and most complex joint, consisting of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. The knee functions to flex and extend the leg, support body weight, and facilitate locomotion. Key components include the articular surfaces, menisci, capsule, collateral and cruciate ligaments, muscles, bursae, and plicae. The document outlines the roles and mechanics of each of these structures, as well as common injuries associated with the knee.
Acl reconstruction
This document discusses graft selection for ACL reconstruction. It describes the advantages of autografts like low risk of reaction and strength loss after implantation. The most common autograft choices are bone-patellar tendon-bone and quadrupled hamstring grafts. Allografts and synthetics are also options but have higher risk of reaction and disease transmission. Proper sterilization of allografts is important to reduce these risks. While allografts have advantages like no donor site morbidity, autografts generally have better incorporation and tend to fail less often in the long run. Proper graft selection depends on factors like graft strength and fixation options.
surgical approaches of knee joint
This document describes various surgical approaches to the knee joint. It begins by noting the knee is a hinge joint stabilized by muscles and ligaments. It then describes 7 open and 2 arthroscopic approaches. The medial parapatellar approach provides the most exposure and is commonly used for procedures like knee replacement. Arthroscopic approaches are now often preferred over open for treating conditions like meniscal tears. The document outlines principles for different surgical approaches and risks associated with various incisions near the knee.
KNEE JOINT (1).pptx ....................
The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the body. It is formed by the fusion of the femorotibial joints and femoropatellar joint. The knee joint is supported by numerous ligaments including the cruciate ligaments, menisci, and fibrous capsule. It allows for flexion and extension movements through the actions of various muscles and tendons. Injuries commonly occur to the ligaments and menisci, and inflammation can develop in the bursae around the knee.
Knee instability
The document discusses knee instability and describes the structure of the knee including the osseous, extra-articular, and intra-articular structures. It provides details on the menisci, ligaments including the ACL and PCL, and muscles. The document also covers causes of meniscal injuries, diagnostic tests, treatment options including non-operative treatment and surgical procedures like meniscectomy and repair.
More Related Content
What's hot
Arches of foot
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the human foot. It describes how the foot is made up of bones, muscles, ligaments and arches that work together to support body weight and enable walking, running and balance. The medial and lateral longitudinal arches and transverse arch are described. Their roles in weight distribution, acting as levers and protecting structures are summarized. Common foot deformities such as flat feet, high arches, club foot and bunions are also outlined.
Surgical approach to acetabulum and pelvis
This document describes the anatomy and classification of acetabular fractures, as well as surgical approaches for treating different types of acetabular fractures. It discusses the Kocher-Langenbeck and Stoppa approaches for posterior and anterior fractures, respectively. Key points include that acetabular fractures can be classified into 5 simple and 5 associated fracture patterns, and surgical timing within 3 weeks of injury leads to better outcomes. The document provides details on surgical techniques for each approach.
MCL,LCL & ALL injuries of the knee
MCL. LCL.ALL injuries
To understand the relevant anatomy of the side ligaments of the knee
To study the mechanism of injury of each ligament and how to diagnose such injury
To highlight the different treatment options in acute or chronic situations
Bone cement
Bone cement, commonly known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is used to securely fix prosthetic implants like artificial joints to bone. It is composed of PMMA polymer powder and methyl methacrylate liquid that are mixed together to form a viscous substance. As it cures, it hardens into a solid that mechanically interlocks with bone and transfers loads. While cement fixation has risks like bone cement implantation syndrome, it remains the gold standard technique for prosthesis attachment due to its strength and success rates.
The Elbow - Anatomy, Injury, and Rehabilitation
I delivered this talk to a group of hand and arm therapists. Find out more about hand and arm problems at http://www.noelhenley.com
Ozark Orthopaedic: Henley C Noel MD
3317 North Wimberly Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72703
(479) 521-2752
Why do total knees fail
The document discusses total knee replacement (TKR) and defining its failure. An ideal TKR has properly aligned components in the correct anatomical planes with balanced soft tissues. Failure is defined as requiring revision surgery, with the main causes being aseptic loosening, deep infection, and pain. Joint registries provide data on patient characteristics, implants, and surgical techniques to evaluate safety and cost-effectiveness of TKR. Common indications for revision include aseptic loosening, infection, pain, and patellofemoral issues.
Acl reconstruction
This document provides detailed information about the anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). It describes the ACL's embryology, histology, blood supply, nerve supply, measurements, biomechanics, and variations. It discusses ACL injuries and reconstruction procedures. Key points include that the ACL attaches to oval footprints on the femur and tibia, has a spiral arrangement that allows it to tuck under the intercondylar notch, and is most commonly reconstructed using a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft.
High tibial osteotomy
High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure that involves correcting angular deformities of the tibia. It has been used to treat conditions like osteoarthritis, osteochondritis dissecans, and malalignment. There are several techniques for HTO including lateral closing wedge osteotomy, medial opening wedge osteotomy, and dome osteotomy. HTO can help relieve pain from unicompartmental osteoarthritis and delay the need for knee replacement in young, active patients. Potential complications include fracture, nonunion, nerve palsy, and issues that can make later knee replacement more difficult. Precise surgical planning and fixation are important for achieving good outcomes from HTO.
Surgical anatomy of knee joint
The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. It allows for both flexion and extension as well as some rotational movement. The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus. It contains two menisci that act as shock absorbers and help with joint lubrication. Stability is provided by ligaments like the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL as well as dynamic stabilizers like the quadriceps muscles. Proper functioning of the knee relies on the intricate interplay of its bony architecture and soft tissue structures.
Tribology in orthopaedics seminar
This document discusses tribology in orthopaedics. It begins with a brief history of tribology and introduces key concepts like friction, lubrication, and wear. It then discusses the mechanisms of lubrication in joints, including the roles of synovial fluid and cartilage. The document outlines the different regimes of lubrication and types of wear that can occur. It also explores the biological effects of wear particles and factors that influence wear rates of joint replacements.
Ankle joint
The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula bones to the talus bone of the foot. It allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion motions. The ankle joint is stabilized by ligaments including the deltoid ligament medially and the anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments laterally. The talus bone transmits weight from the leg to the foot and lacks a strong blood supply, making fractures of the talus prone to delayed healing.
Management of chronic knee pain
Interventions are the minimally invasive techniques to control chronic knee and joint pains. Some procedures are even offered to patients who are not fit to undergo surgery.
Clinical assessment of the rotator cuff
The document provides an overview of assessing the rotator cuff, including:
1) It describes the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff - supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor - and their functions.
2) Numerous clinical tests used to assess each muscle are outlined, such as Jobb's test for supraspinatus and Gerber's lift-off test for subscapularis.
3) Assessment involves taking a history, inspecting for deformities, and performing special tests like Codman's drop arm sign and the external rotation lag sign to isolate weak muscles.
3. biomechanics of Patellofemoral joint
The patellofemoral joint is one of the most incongruent joints in the body. It depends on static structures like the lateral lip of the femoral condyle and the length of the patellar tendon for stability. Forces through the joint increase significantly during activities like squatting or ascending stairs. Pathologies of the patellofemoral joint can include osteoarthritis, ligament injuries, meniscal tears, and patellofemoral pain syndrome resulting from an imbalance of forces through the joint.
Hip biomechanics
This document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint. It begins by defining biomechanics and describing the mobility and stability of the hip. It then discusses forces acting on the hip like body weight, abductor muscles, and joint reaction forces. It explains how these forces are balanced in different positions like two-leg stance, single-leg stance, and with the use of a cane. The document concludes by discussing implications for conditions like coxa valga and coxa vara, and principles of total hip replacement surgery.
Knee arthroscopy portals
This document describes the standard and optional portals used in knee arthroscopy. The standard portals are the anterolateral, anteromedial, and posteromedial portals. The anterolateral portal is created first and allows visualization of most knee structures. Portal placement is important to avoid damaging structures. Optional portals like the superolateral and posterolateral portals provide additional views but have risks if not carefully placed. Proper portal placement and technique are described to maximize visualization and safety.
knee biomechanics
The knee is made up of four bones that interact in two joints: the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. These joints allow flexion/extension, rotation, and translation while providing load transfer. The knee flexes from 0-135 degrees, and the femoral condyles translate posteriorly during flexion. The tibia externally rotates in extension and internally rotates in flexion, locking the knee. Larger Q angles increase risk of lateral patellar subluxation. Forces through the knee increase with activity from 0.3 times body weight while walking to 7 times body weight while squatting.
1. biomechanics of the knee joint basics
This document provides an overview of the biomechanics of the knee complex. It describes the knee as the largest and most complex joint, consisting of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. The knee functions to flex and extend the leg, support body weight, and facilitate locomotion. Key components include the articular surfaces, menisci, capsule, collateral and cruciate ligaments, muscles, bursae, and plicae. The document outlines the roles and mechanics of each of these structures, as well as common injuries associated with the knee.
Acl reconstruction
This document discusses graft selection for ACL reconstruction. It describes the advantages of autografts like low risk of reaction and strength loss after implantation. The most common autograft choices are bone-patellar tendon-bone and quadrupled hamstring grafts. Allografts and synthetics are also options but have higher risk of reaction and disease transmission. Proper sterilization of allografts is important to reduce these risks. While allografts have advantages like no donor site morbidity, autografts generally have better incorporation and tend to fail less often in the long run. Proper graft selection depends on factors like graft strength and fixation options.
surgical approaches of knee joint
This document describes various surgical approaches to the knee joint. It begins by noting the knee is a hinge joint stabilized by muscles and ligaments. It then describes 7 open and 2 arthroscopic approaches. The medial parapatellar approach provides the most exposure and is commonly used for procedures like knee replacement. Arthroscopic approaches are now often preferred over open for treating conditions like meniscal tears. The document outlines principles for different surgical approaches and risks associated with various incisions near the knee.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Anatomy of the Knee Joint.pptx
KNEE JOINT (1).pptx ....................
The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the body. It is formed by the fusion of the femorotibial joints and femoropatellar joint. The knee joint is supported by numerous ligaments including the cruciate ligaments, menisci, and fibrous capsule. It allows for flexion and extension movements through the actions of various muscles and tendons. Injuries commonly occur to the ligaments and menisci, and inflammation can develop in the bursae around the knee.
Knee instability
The document discusses knee instability and describes the structure of the knee including the osseous, extra-articular, and intra-articular structures. It provides details on the menisci, ligaments including the ACL and PCL, and muscles. The document also covers causes of meniscal injuries, diagnostic tests, treatment options including non-operative treatment and surgical procedures like meniscectomy and repair.
Ligamnet around knee and injury and management
The document discusses knee instability and describes the structure of the knee including the osseous, extra-articular, and intra-articular structures. It provides details on the menisci, ligaments including the ACL and PCL, muscles, and classification of knee stabilizers. The document also covers mechanisms and classification of meniscal injuries, diagnostic tests, imaging studies, and surgical and non-surgical treatment options.
Knee joint.pptx
The knee joint is a modified hinge joint that allows flexion and extension. It is supported by ligaments including the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL. The joint is lined by a synovial membrane and contains two menisci that absorb shock and deepen the tibial surfaces. Flexion is powered by the hamstrings while extension is powered by the quadriceps femoris muscle. The knee provides stability during weight bearing and locomotion.
Bursae around knee joint
The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. It allows for weight bearing, walking, climbing stairs, running, jumping and kicking. The knee joint is formed where the femur meets the tibia and patella. It contains ligaments like the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, menisci, synovial membrane and bursae that provide stability and cushioning. Injuries to the cruciate ligaments or menisci are common in sports and require immobilization followed by physiotherapy.
ANATOMY OF KNEE JOINT
ANATOMY OF KNEE JOINT
In this presentation of " Anatomy of Knee Joint" you will know about structures present in Knee Joint.
Bones, Joints, Ligaments, Muscles, Mechanism of movements of Knee Joint, Nerve and Blodd supply of Knee Joint.
Dr. kamal kant applied anatomy of hip
The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that allows for both stability and mobility. It is formed by the head of the femur articulating with the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabulum is formed by three bones and allows weight transmission from the axial skeleton to the lower extremity. The femur is the longest bone and consists of the head, neck, and trochanters. Ligaments such as the ligamentum teres, transverse acetabular ligament, and iliofemoral ligament provide stability to the hip joint. Muscles around the hip are responsible for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Common conditions affecting the hip include congenital dislocation,
BIOMECHANICS & PATHOMECHANICS OF KNEE JOINT AND PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
BIOMECHANICS & PATHOMECHANICS OF KNEE JOINT AND PATELLOFEMORAL JOINTDr. Taniya Verma ( PT) Gold medalist
The document discusses the biomechanics of the knee joint, including the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. It covers the articulating surfaces, degrees of freedom, ligaments, muscles, alignment and weight bearing forces of the knee. It also discusses normal patellar tracking in the trochlear groove during range of motion and the changing contact areas between the patella and femur through different degrees of flexion.Knee joint.pptx
The knee joint is a modified hinge joint that allows for flexion and extension as well as some rotation. It is formed by the articulation of the femur, tibia, and patella. The knee joint contains two joint cavities - the patellofemoral joint and tibiofemoral joint. Various ligaments such as the cruciate ligaments and menisci provide stability and cushioning to the joint. Injuries commonly involve the collateral ligaments, menisci, or anterior cruciate ligament due to their location and function. The knee is an important and complex joint that enables mobility but is also susceptible to trauma.
Knee joint biomechanics
The knee joint is composed of two articulations, the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. The tibiofemoral joint allows 3 degrees of freedom of motion and contains the femoral condyles which articulate with the menisci and tibial plateaus. The menisci improve joint congruence and distribute weight forces. Ligaments such as the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL provide stability to the joint. The patellofemoral joint contains the patella which articulates with the femur and is stabilized by surrounding structures like the quadriceps tendon.
knee ..pptx
The knee is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. It consists of two condylar joints between the femur and tibia, as well as the patellofemoral joint. The stability of the knee relies primarily on soft tissues like ligaments rather than bony structure. The knee joint is divided into the medial and lateral compartments by the menisci. It contains several important ligaments like the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL that provide stability. The muscles that act on the knee include the quadriceps, hamstrings, pes anserine group and iliotibial band.
Knee joint
The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the body. It consists of three joints: the medial and lateral condylar joints between the femur and tibia, and the patellofemoral joint between the femur and patella. The knee joint contains numerous ligaments that connect the femur, tibia, and patella, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and medial and lateral menisci. The knee joint also contains bursae that reduce friction between bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments during movement.
Anatomy of knee
The document provides an anatomical overview of the knee structures. It discusses the osseous structures including the patella, femoral condyles, and tibial plateaus. It then describes the extra-articular structures such as muscles, ligaments, and tendons that provide stability to the knee joint. These include the quadriceps mechanism, hamstrings, iliotibial band, gastrocnemius, and collateral and cruciate ligaments. The document outlines the layers of soft tissues and ligaments on the medial and lateral sides of the knee.
Knee joint power point presentation
The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the body, formed by the fusion of three joints. It contains articular surfaces on the femur, patella, and tibia. Stability is provided by muscles, collateral ligaments, and cruciate ligaments. The knee allows for flexion, extension, and medial/lateral rotation. Locking and unlocking during walking is enabled by the quadriceps and popliteus muscles respectively. Injuries like meniscal tears and dislocations are clinically relevant.
The Knee Joint.pptx
To discuss the knee joint: At the end of the presentation we should be able to note the following
The type of joint.
Bones and part of the bone that forms the joints
Type of cartilage covering the articular surface.
Attachment of fibrous capsule.
The attachment or lining of the synovial membrane.
Structures found outside the fibrous capsules (Extracapsular structures).
Structures found within the capsules (Intracapsular structures).
Movement and muscle causing the movement.
Blood and Nerve supply.
Applied Anatomy.
joints & Major joints By M Thiru murugan.pptx
Bones & its types
By, M. Thiru murugan
Define Bones & write its types
Bones:
Bone are specialized forms of strong connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body.
It is composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
It also serves as a storage area for calcium
The smallest bone in the human body is called the stirrup or stapes bone, located deep inside the ear & The longest bone & strongest bone in the human is called the femur.
Classification or types of bones:
Bones are divided into 5 types.
Long Bone
Short Bone
Flat Bone
Irregular Bone
Sesamoid Bone
1. Long Bone:
A long bone is one that is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide.
Shape of a bone, not its size.
Long bones are found in: Arms (humerus, ulna, radius) & fingers (metacarpals, phalanges) and also Legs (femur, tibia, fibula), and toes (metatarsals, phalanges).
Long bones function as levers; they move when muscles contract.
2. Short bones:
cube-like in shape, equal in length, width, and thickness.
Example: Carpals of the wrists & Tarsals of the ankles.
Short bones provide stability and support as well as some limited motion.
3. Flat Bones:
The term “flat bone” is somewhat of a misnomer because, although a flat bone is typically thin, it is also often curved.
Examples include the cranial bones, the scapulae, the sternum, and the ribs.
Flat bones serve as points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs.
4. Irregular Bones:
An irregular bone is one that does not have any easily characterized shape and therefore does not fit any other classification.
These bones tend to have more complex shapes, like the vertebrae, Many facial bones, particularly the ones containing sinuses.
5. Sesamoid Bones:
A sesamoid bone is a small, round bone that, as the name suggests, is shaped like a sesame seed.
These bones form in tendons where a great deal of pressure is generated in a joint.
The sesamoid bones protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces.
Sesamoid bones vary in number and placement from person to person but are typically found in tendons associated with the feet, hands, and knees.
The patellae (singular = patella) are the only sesamoid bones found in common with every person.
anatomyofthekneejoint-170329185745.pdf
The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three joints: the medial and lateral condylar joints between the femur and tibia, and the patellofemoral joint between the patella and femur. The knee joint is stabilized by numerous ligaments including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and menisci. It is supplied by the femoral, popliteal, and genicular arteries and innervated by branches of the femoral and tibial nerves. The knee allows for flexion, extension, and some rotational movements.
Anatomy of the knee joint
The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three joints: the medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints and the patellofemoral joint. The knee joint is stabilized by numerous ligaments including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and the transverse ligament. It also contains two menisci that help distribute weight forces and provide shock absorption. The knee is supplied by branches from the femoral, tibial and common peroneal nerves and receives its blood supply from the femoral, popliteal and genicular arteries.
Knee CME 1.pptx
This document provides an overview of knee joint anatomy and clinical examination. It describes the articulations of the knee joint including the femur, tibia, and patella. It also discusses the menisci, muscles, ligaments, bursae, blood supply, nerve supply, and various clinical tests involved in examining the knee. Key points covered include the functions of the menisci, muscles that flex and extend the knee, major ligaments like the ACL and PCL, tests to evaluate the ligaments and meniscus, and structures involved in movement and stability of the knee joint.
Similar to Anatomy of the Knee Joint.pptx (20)
BIOMECHANICS & PATHOMECHANICS OF KNEE JOINT AND PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
BIOMECHANICS & PATHOMECHANICS OF KNEE JOINT AND PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
More from M. Taqi Ehsani
Principles of Reconstructions of Pediatric Hand.pptx
This document discusses principles of reconstructing a child's hand. It begins by covering hand physiology and architecture, emphasizing the importance of restoring sensibility, motion, and strength. Nerve function and regeneration is discussed next, noting better outcomes in children. The architecture of the hand is then described as having fixed and mobile components. Planning reconstruction involves addressing the fixed unit's stability first before mobile structures. Evaluation of the child considers cooperation, anesthesia risks, tissue healing, and establishing reasonable goals and timelines.
Paronychia (inflammation of skin around the nail)
Paronychia is inflammation of the fingers or toes in one or more of the three nail folds ( skin around the nail)
Anatomy of Elbow and Forearm.pptx
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the elbow and forearm. It describes the three articulations that make up the elbow joint and their roles in flexion, extension, and rotation. It details the structures within the cubital fossa and discusses the bones, muscles, nerves and vessels of the forearm. The forearm is divided into anterior and posterior compartments separated by intermuscular septa. The anterior compartment contains flexor muscles innervated by the median and ulnar nerves, while the posterior compartment contains extensor muscles innervated by the radial nerve. Arterial blood supply and venous drainage is also outlined.
Range of Motion of Upper Limb.pptx
1) The document describes the range of motion measurements for the upper limb, including the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and fingers.
2) A goniometer is used to measure range of motion at joints, and there are several types including universal, gravity, smartphone-based, and electro goniometers.
3) The normal range of motion is provided for specific movements at each joint, such as 180 degrees of flexion and 45 degrees of extension at the shoulder, 135 degrees of flexion and 0 degrees of extension at the elbow, and 80 degrees of flexion and 70 degrees of extension at the wrist.
Management of polytrauma.pptx
This document discusses the management of polytrauma patients. Polytrauma is defined as multiple injuries exceeding a certain severity threshold or involving multiple body regions. Over 1 million people die each year from traffic injuries worldwide. The management of polytrauma patients requires a multidisciplinary team approach led by a general surgeon. The team evaluates patients using scoring systems like the Injury Severity Score to predict outcomes. The evaluation involves a primary survey to address life threats and a secondary full-body examination to identify and treat all injuries.
Principles of Internal Fixation.pptx
1) The document discusses the principles of internal fixation for bone fractures, including fracture reduction, fixation, preservation of blood supply, and early mobilization.
2) It describes different types of fixation techniques like plating, intramedullary nails, screws, and their various applications depending on fracture characteristics.
3) Key concepts covered include reamed vs unreamed nailing, static vs dynamic interlocking, compression nailing, exchange nailing, and different screw functions for fracture fixation.
Anatomy of Lumbosacral Spine.pptx
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the lumbosacral spine. It discusses the bones that make up the vertebral column, including the lumbar and sacral regions. It describes the functions of supporting the body, transmitting forces, and protecting the spinal cord. The document outlines the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that move and support the vertebral column. It details the typical vertebral structure, vertebral canal, discs, facets, and ligaments that connect the vertebrae. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive anatomical description of the bones, joints, muscles and ligaments that make up the lumbosacral spine.
Gait Analysis.pptx
This document provides an overview of gait analysis. It discusses the phases of gait, temporal parameters, neurological control, kinematics, kinetics, and how to assess gait. Abnormal gaits such as hemiplegic, diplegic, neuropathic, myopathic, Parkinsonian, ataxic, sensory ataxic, choreiform, and antalgic gaits are described. The document is intended as an educational guide for orthopedic residents on evaluating a patient's gait.
Anatomy of the Hip Joint.pptx
The hip joint is a ball and socket synovial joint that allows for stability during weight bearing and a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. It consists of the femoral head articulating with the acetabulum. Important structures include ligaments like the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments and muscles that produce movement like the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, and obturator internus. The hip joint receives its blood supply from branches of the obturator, medial and lateral circumflex, superior and inferior gluteal arteries and innervation from the femoral, ob
Comprehensive Orthopedic History Taking.pptx
This document outlines the components of a comprehensive orthopedic history for pediatric patients. It includes questions about the prenatal, natal, and neonatal periods which are important for congenital or developmental issues. Family history of orthopedic conditions should also be obtained. Key aspects of the history of present illness include onset, symptoms, and previous treatments. Questions about growth and development focus on milestones and any delays. Taking a thorough history from parents can provide important context for the physical exam and diagnosis in children.
More from M. Taqi Ehsani (10)
Principles of Reconstructions of Pediatric Hand.pptx
Principles of Reconstructions of Pediatric Hand.pptx
Recently uploaded
What is Obesity? How to overcome Obesity?
Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health.
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...ayushrajshrivastava7
Regulatory Affairs
Full hand written notes
M.pharm - 1st year .Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
Muskan
mpharm
2nd semester
Guru Gobind Singh college of pharmacy, yamunanagar, haryana
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
biomechanics of running. Dr.dhwani.pptx
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
SENSORY NEEDS B.SC. NURSING SEMESTER II.
Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment.
Skin Diseases That Happen During Summer.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Recently uploaded (20)
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Anatomy of the Knee Joint.pptx
- 1. ANATOMY OF THE KNEE JOINT DR. M. TAQI EHSANI PGY1 OF ORTHOPEDICS, FMIC
- 2. KNEE JOINT • Largest synovial joint in the body, consist of: • Articulation between the femur and tibia (weigh- bearing) • Articulation between patella and the femur • Two fibrocartilaginous menisci, one on each side • Basically a hinge joint that allows mainly flexion and extension
- 3. ARTICULAR SURFACES • Covered by hyaline cartilage 1. Medial condylar joint 2. Lateral condylar joint 3. Patellofemoral joint • The patellofemoral joint is V-Shaped trench • surfaces of the femoral condyle that articulate with the tibia: • in flexion of the knee = curved or round • Full extension = Flat
- 4. MENISCI • two menisci, fibrocartilaginous C-shaped cartilages, medial and lateral meniscus • Attached to the each end to facets in the intercondylar region of the tibial plateau • Lateral meniscus is more mobile • Interconnected anteriorly by a transverse ligament • Improve congruency between the femoral and tibial condyles
- 5. SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE • Attaches to the margins of the articular surfaces and to the superior and inferior outer margins of the menisci • Forms pouches in two locations • The Smallest, Subpopliteal recess • Large bursa, Suprapatellar bursa • Other bursae associated with the knee but not normally communicating with the articular cavity include: • Subcutaneous prepatellar bursae and numerous others associated with tendons and ligaments around the
- 6. FIBROUS MEMBRANE • Partly formed and reinforced by extensions from tendons of the surrounding muscles • Encloses the articular cavity and the intercondyle region • Medially, attached • Laterally, not attached • Anteriorly, attached to margins of patella
- 7. LIGAMENTS • Patellar ligament • Tibial (medial) Collateral Ligament • Fibular (lateral) Collateral Ligament • Anterior Cruciate Ligament • Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- 8. LOCKING MECHANISMS 1. When standing, the knee joint is locked into position, thereby reducing the amount of muscle work needed to maintain the standing position 2. Medial rotation of femur on the tibia during extension, tighten all the associated ligaments 3. The body’s center of gravity is positioned along the vertical line that passes anterior to the knee joint, keeps knee extended 4. The popliteus muscle unlocks the knee by initiating lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia
- 9. MUSCLES PRODUCING MOVEMENT • Extension • Quadriceps femoris • Flexion • Biceps femoris • Semitendinosus • semimembranosus • Medial rotation • Popliteus • Semimembranosus • semitendinosus • Lateral rotation • Biceps femoris
- 10. VASCULAR SUPPLY • five major constant arteries, namely, the superior medial and lateral, the middle (posterior), and the inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries • Descending and genicular branches from: • Femoral artery • Popliteal artery • Lateral circumflex femoral artery • Circumflex fibular artery • Recurrent branches of anterior tibial artery in leg These vessels form an anastomotic network around the joint
- 11. INNERVATION • Innervated by branches from: • Obturator • Femoral • Tibial • Common fibular nerves
- 12. TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT • The small proximal tibiofibular joint is synovial, little movement • Joint surfaces, lateral condyle of tibia and superomedial surface of head of the fibula, flat and circular • The capsule is reinforced by anterior and posterior ligaments
- 13. POPLITEAL FOSSA • Important area of transition between the thigh and leg, diamond shape behind the knee joint formed between muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh and leg • Boundaries • Nerves and vessels • Superficial structures
- 14. Thank you for your attention