It describes the anatomy of esophagus. it includes the parts of esophagus, layers, sphincters , junctions of esophagus, blood supply of esophagus and its functions
The document describes the structure and layers of the digestive tract, with a focus on the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It notes that the digestive tract consists of four functional layers - the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia/serosa. It provides detailed information on the histological structure and cell types present in the mucosa and submucosa of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It highlights key features such as the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus, gastric pits and glands of the stomach, and villi and crypts of the small intestine.
The document summarizes the histology of the gastrointestinal tract. It describes the four layers of the GI tract wall - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. It then focuses on specific structures of the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas. Key points include the four regions of the stomach, gastric glands and their role in digestion, villi and crypts in the small intestine, and acini and islets of Langerhans in the pancreas that produce digestive enzymes and hormones. Clinical correlations are provided regarding conditions like atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, and acute pancreatitis.
The peritoneum is a thin serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. It consists of a parietal layer lining the abdominal wall and a visceral layer covering the organs. Between these layers is a potential space filled with peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sacs, which are connected through the epiploic foramen. The peritoneum suspends organs, fixes some in place, stores fat, and secretes fluid to allow organs to glide easily. It is innervated by thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic nerves.
The document discusses the anatomy and derivatives of the peritoneum. It describes how the peritoneum consists of parietal and visceral layers that form the peritoneal cavity. It also discusses the intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs, and how the peritoneum forms mesenteries, omenta, ligaments, folds, recesses and pouches to support the abdominal organs. In conclusion, it restates that the peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and produces fluid to lubricate the abdominal viscera.
Anatomy of Breast in clinical perspective-Dr.GosaiDr.B.B. Gosai
This document provides an anatomical overview of the female breast. It describes the breast's position and structure, including the skin, glandular tissue, stroma, blood and lymphatic supply. Development from the embryonic stage through puberty is addressed. Clinical correlations are discussed, such as breast cancer development and spread, as well as other common breast conditions like mastitis and cysts. Early detection of breast cancer through examination and mammography is emphasized for improved prognosis.
The pancreas is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland that produces digestive enzymes and hormones. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. The appendix is a small tubular structure extending from the cecum whose function in humans is unknown.
The caecum is a blind pouch located in the right lower abdomen that connects the ileum to the ascending colon. It stores semi-liquid digestive material and helps absorb fluids and electrolytes. The appendix attaches to its back surface. Blood supply comes from the ileocolic artery. Lymph drains to the ileocolic lymph nodes. Diseases that can affect the caecum include volvulus, intussusception, and diverticulitis.
The document describes the structure and layers of the digestive tract, with a focus on the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It notes that the digestive tract consists of four functional layers - the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia/serosa. It provides detailed information on the histological structure and cell types present in the mucosa and submucosa of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It highlights key features such as the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus, gastric pits and glands of the stomach, and villi and crypts of the small intestine.
The document summarizes the histology of the gastrointestinal tract. It describes the four layers of the GI tract wall - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. It then focuses on specific structures of the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas. Key points include the four regions of the stomach, gastric glands and their role in digestion, villi and crypts in the small intestine, and acini and islets of Langerhans in the pancreas that produce digestive enzymes and hormones. Clinical correlations are provided regarding conditions like atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, and acute pancreatitis.
The peritoneum is a thin serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. It consists of a parietal layer lining the abdominal wall and a visceral layer covering the organs. Between these layers is a potential space filled with peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sacs, which are connected through the epiploic foramen. The peritoneum suspends organs, fixes some in place, stores fat, and secretes fluid to allow organs to glide easily. It is innervated by thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic nerves.
The document discusses the anatomy and derivatives of the peritoneum. It describes how the peritoneum consists of parietal and visceral layers that form the peritoneal cavity. It also discusses the intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs, and how the peritoneum forms mesenteries, omenta, ligaments, folds, recesses and pouches to support the abdominal organs. In conclusion, it restates that the peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and produces fluid to lubricate the abdominal viscera.
Anatomy of Breast in clinical perspective-Dr.GosaiDr.B.B. Gosai
This document provides an anatomical overview of the female breast. It describes the breast's position and structure, including the skin, glandular tissue, stroma, blood and lymphatic supply. Development from the embryonic stage through puberty is addressed. Clinical correlations are discussed, such as breast cancer development and spread, as well as other common breast conditions like mastitis and cysts. Early detection of breast cancer through examination and mammography is emphasized for improved prognosis.
The pancreas is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland that produces digestive enzymes and hormones. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. The appendix is a small tubular structure extending from the cecum whose function in humans is unknown.
The caecum is a blind pouch located in the right lower abdomen that connects the ileum to the ascending colon. It stores semi-liquid digestive material and helps absorb fluids and electrolytes. The appendix attaches to its back surface. Blood supply comes from the ileocolic artery. Lymph drains to the ileocolic lymph nodes. Diseases that can affect the caecum include volvulus, intussusception, and diverticulitis.
ANATOMY OF SMALL INTESTINE -presentationSaili Gaude
It includes the parts of small intestine and large intestine. Includes its layers, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. discussed also is duodenum, jejunum and ileum. and Cecum, ascending colon, descending colon , transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon. Also includes its functions, sphincters and blood and nerve supply
The document provides an overview of the urinary system and its components. It describes the nephron as the functional unit of the kidney, including the glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and loop of Henle. It also discusses podocytes forming filtration slits in the renal corpuscle and mesangial cells cleaning the filter. Finally, it briefly mentions the collecting ducts, ureter, and transitional epithelia of the urinary bladder.
The document describes the anatomy of the venous system, including the superficial and deep venous systems. It discusses key veins like the great saphenous vein and lesser saphenous vein. It also covers the deep venous system and its connections. Congenital variations are addressed, such as double inferior vena cava. May-Thurner syndrome is described as a compression of the left common iliac vein. References are provided at the end.
The document summarizes key aspects of the digestive system, beginning with definitions of splanchnology and the digestive system. It describes the main organs and parts of the digestive system, including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines. It discusses the functions of digestion, including ingestion, mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, propulsion through the system, secretion of enzymes and hormones, and absorption of nutrients. It provides more detailed descriptions of the oral cavity, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and stomach functions. The summary concludes with key points about the storage, mixing, and controlled release functions of the stomach.
This document summarizes the histology of the pancreas and adrenal gland. It describes the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas, including the acinar cells that secrete enzymes and the islets of Langerhans that contain alpha, beta, delta, and F cells that secrete hormones. It also details the microscopic structure of the adrenal gland, which consists of an outer cortex with three zones that secrete different hormones, and an inner medulla that secretes catecholamines. Blood supply and references are also mentioned.
The document summarizes the histology of the uterus. It has three main layers - the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The myometrium is the thick muscular middle layer responsible for contractions during childbirth. The endometrium is the inner mucous membrane layer that undergoes monthly changes including shedding during menstruation. The cervix has a narrow lumen that can dilate greatly during childbirth.
Anatomy the small and large intestine.pptxPradeep Pande
This document provides information about the anatomy and features of the small and large intestines. It describes the four parts of the duodenum and their relations. It discusses the jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Key differences between the jejunum and ileum are outlined. The document also covers blood supply, lymphatic and nerve supply of the small and large intestines.
ANATOMY OF STOMACH- a short concise lectSaili Gaude
It describes anatomy of stomach in short. Includes layers of stomach, 2 sphincters, the parts of stomach, Its functions and location with its blood vessels and nerve supply
Thoracic part of Sympathetic Chain (Anatomy of the Thorax)Dr. Sherif Fahmy
This document discusses the anatomy of several thoracic structures including the sympathetic chain, autonomic plexuses, lymphatic drainage, thoracic duct, and esophagus. It describes the course, branches, and relations of the thoracic sympathetic chain. It also outlines the locations and tributaries of the main autonomic plexuses in the thorax, pathways of thoracic lymphatic drainage, course and tributaries of the thoracic duct, as well as the parts, curves, relations, and blood supply of the esophagus.
01.12.09(b): Histology - Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Open.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Gastrointestinal / Liver sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
http://openmi.ch/med-m1gastro
The esophagus develops from the primitive foregut as a constriction separates the stomach from the pharynx. It initially forms as a single structure with the trachea before septa divide it. It eventually canalizes to form a tubular structure. The esophagus extends from the lower border of the cricoid cartilage to the stomach. It has four layers and sphincters at its upper and lower ends that regulate passage of food. Its blood supply varies along its length and drains into local veins that feed into the superior vena cava, azygos, and portal systems.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the intraperitoneum. It describes the peritoneum and peritoneal spaces, including the parietal and visceral layers. It outlines the greater and lesser sacs and peritoneal ligaments, mesenteries, and omenta. It details the intraperitoneal organs such as the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. It concludes with notes on vascular structures like the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery.
The document discusses the abdominal aorta, including its course through the abdomen and its relations to surrounding structures. The abdominal aorta descends from the thoracic aorta and passes anterior to the upper four lumbar vertebrae. It has posterior relations to the lumbar vertebrae and left third and fourth lumbar veins. Anteriorly, it relates to structures such as the splenic vein, left renal vein, head of the pancreas, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior vena cava. It gives off several branches that supply the abdomen.
The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers organs within. It has parietal and visceral layers. Folds of peritoneum like the mesentery, omenta, and ligaments suspend organs and allow passage of structures. The greater and lesser sacs are potential spaces within the peritoneal cavity. The lesser sac is posterior to the stomach and separated from the greater sac by the epiploic foramen. Folds like the mesentery provide blood supply to the intestines and omenta can seal infections and absorb fluid.
The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place. It lies between the stomach and large intestine, and receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct to aid in digestion. The small intestine is about 5.5 metres (18 feet) long and folds many times to fit in the abdomen. Although it is longer than the large intestine, it is called the small intestine because it is narrower in diameter.
The small intestine has three distinct regions – the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, the shortest, is where preparation for absorption through small finger-like protrusions called villi begins.[2] The jejunum is specialized for the absorption through its lining by enterocytes: small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum. The main function of the ileum is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerves of the gastrointestinal systemkhaledshora
This document provides information on the blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and nerves of the gastrointestinal system. It begins by outlining the objectives of defining, describing, and outlining the various arteries including the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. It then describes the foregut, midgut, and hindgut regions and their primary arterial blood supplies. The document proceeds to provide detailed descriptions of each of the major arteries and their branches, as well as clinical considerations regarding various conditions.
The skin is the outer covering of the body that protects it from damage and regulates temperature. It has two layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and the dermis is made of connective tissue. Skin thickness varies from 0.5-3mm. Skin has several appendages including hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The superficial fascia lies beneath the skin and contains fat and connective tissue. It helps insulate the body and store fat. Skin has many important functions like protection, sensation, temperature regulation and vitamin D synthesis.
This document discusses different types of epithelial tissues. It defines epithelium and provides terminology used to describe epithelial layers and cell shapes. Several specific types of epithelial tissues are then described, including their structure, function, and location in the body. Simple squamous epithelium lines parts of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels. Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in the kidneys. Simple columnar epithelium lines parts of the digestive tract. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the trachea. Stratified squamous epithelium forms the skin and mouth lining. Transitional epithelium is found in the bladder and urethra.
Liver and extra hepatic biliary apparatus.pptxSundip Charmode
The document provides information about the liver including its shape, weight, position, surfaces, borders, lobes, ligaments, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and clinical significance. It discusses the gallbladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct which make up the extrahepatic biliary apparatus. The document describes the anatomy and relations of these structures in detail.
Membranes are thin layers of tissue that cover, support, and separate organs and line body cavities. The three main types of membranes are mucous, serous, and synovial membranes. Mucous membranes line cavities open to the exterior and secrete mucus. Serous membranes line closed body cavities and secrete serous fluid. Examples include the pleura and pericardium. Synovial membranes contain synovial fluid and separate joints like the bones in the skeleton.
The digestive system extends from the mouth to the anus. It contains organs that ingest, digest, and absorb food and eliminate waste. The gastrointestinal tract lining contains three layers - epithelium, connective tissue lamina propria, and smooth muscle muscularis mucosae. Saliva produced by salivary glands in the mouth begins digesting starch and buffers acidic foods. The tongue maneuvers food and contains taste buds. Teeth crush and grind food before it enters the esophagus.
The digestive system contains both the alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract) and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The digestive tract walls are composed of four main layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, with enzymes from the mouth, stomach, pancreas and small intestine facilitating the process.
ANATOMY OF SMALL INTESTINE -presentationSaili Gaude
It includes the parts of small intestine and large intestine. Includes its layers, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. discussed also is duodenum, jejunum and ileum. and Cecum, ascending colon, descending colon , transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon. Also includes its functions, sphincters and blood and nerve supply
The document provides an overview of the urinary system and its components. It describes the nephron as the functional unit of the kidney, including the glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and loop of Henle. It also discusses podocytes forming filtration slits in the renal corpuscle and mesangial cells cleaning the filter. Finally, it briefly mentions the collecting ducts, ureter, and transitional epithelia of the urinary bladder.
The document describes the anatomy of the venous system, including the superficial and deep venous systems. It discusses key veins like the great saphenous vein and lesser saphenous vein. It also covers the deep venous system and its connections. Congenital variations are addressed, such as double inferior vena cava. May-Thurner syndrome is described as a compression of the left common iliac vein. References are provided at the end.
The document summarizes key aspects of the digestive system, beginning with definitions of splanchnology and the digestive system. It describes the main organs and parts of the digestive system, including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines. It discusses the functions of digestion, including ingestion, mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, propulsion through the system, secretion of enzymes and hormones, and absorption of nutrients. It provides more detailed descriptions of the oral cavity, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and stomach functions. The summary concludes with key points about the storage, mixing, and controlled release functions of the stomach.
This document summarizes the histology of the pancreas and adrenal gland. It describes the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas, including the acinar cells that secrete enzymes and the islets of Langerhans that contain alpha, beta, delta, and F cells that secrete hormones. It also details the microscopic structure of the adrenal gland, which consists of an outer cortex with three zones that secrete different hormones, and an inner medulla that secretes catecholamines. Blood supply and references are also mentioned.
The document summarizes the histology of the uterus. It has three main layers - the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The myometrium is the thick muscular middle layer responsible for contractions during childbirth. The endometrium is the inner mucous membrane layer that undergoes monthly changes including shedding during menstruation. The cervix has a narrow lumen that can dilate greatly during childbirth.
Anatomy the small and large intestine.pptxPradeep Pande
This document provides information about the anatomy and features of the small and large intestines. It describes the four parts of the duodenum and their relations. It discusses the jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Key differences between the jejunum and ileum are outlined. The document also covers blood supply, lymphatic and nerve supply of the small and large intestines.
ANATOMY OF STOMACH- a short concise lectSaili Gaude
It describes anatomy of stomach in short. Includes layers of stomach, 2 sphincters, the parts of stomach, Its functions and location with its blood vessels and nerve supply
Thoracic part of Sympathetic Chain (Anatomy of the Thorax)Dr. Sherif Fahmy
This document discusses the anatomy of several thoracic structures including the sympathetic chain, autonomic plexuses, lymphatic drainage, thoracic duct, and esophagus. It describes the course, branches, and relations of the thoracic sympathetic chain. It also outlines the locations and tributaries of the main autonomic plexuses in the thorax, pathways of thoracic lymphatic drainage, course and tributaries of the thoracic duct, as well as the parts, curves, relations, and blood supply of the esophagus.
01.12.09(b): Histology - Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Open.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Gastrointestinal / Liver sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
http://openmi.ch/med-m1gastro
The esophagus develops from the primitive foregut as a constriction separates the stomach from the pharynx. It initially forms as a single structure with the trachea before septa divide it. It eventually canalizes to form a tubular structure. The esophagus extends from the lower border of the cricoid cartilage to the stomach. It has four layers and sphincters at its upper and lower ends that regulate passage of food. Its blood supply varies along its length and drains into local veins that feed into the superior vena cava, azygos, and portal systems.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the intraperitoneum. It describes the peritoneum and peritoneal spaces, including the parietal and visceral layers. It outlines the greater and lesser sacs and peritoneal ligaments, mesenteries, and omenta. It details the intraperitoneal organs such as the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. It concludes with notes on vascular structures like the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery.
The document discusses the abdominal aorta, including its course through the abdomen and its relations to surrounding structures. The abdominal aorta descends from the thoracic aorta and passes anterior to the upper four lumbar vertebrae. It has posterior relations to the lumbar vertebrae and left third and fourth lumbar veins. Anteriorly, it relates to structures such as the splenic vein, left renal vein, head of the pancreas, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior vena cava. It gives off several branches that supply the abdomen.
The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers organs within. It has parietal and visceral layers. Folds of peritoneum like the mesentery, omenta, and ligaments suspend organs and allow passage of structures. The greater and lesser sacs are potential spaces within the peritoneal cavity. The lesser sac is posterior to the stomach and separated from the greater sac by the epiploic foramen. Folds like the mesentery provide blood supply to the intestines and omenta can seal infections and absorb fluid.
The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place. It lies between the stomach and large intestine, and receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct to aid in digestion. The small intestine is about 5.5 metres (18 feet) long and folds many times to fit in the abdomen. Although it is longer than the large intestine, it is called the small intestine because it is narrower in diameter.
The small intestine has three distinct regions – the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, the shortest, is where preparation for absorption through small finger-like protrusions called villi begins.[2] The jejunum is specialized for the absorption through its lining by enterocytes: small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum. The main function of the ileum is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerves of the gastrointestinal systemkhaledshora
This document provides information on the blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and nerves of the gastrointestinal system. It begins by outlining the objectives of defining, describing, and outlining the various arteries including the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. It then describes the foregut, midgut, and hindgut regions and their primary arterial blood supplies. The document proceeds to provide detailed descriptions of each of the major arteries and their branches, as well as clinical considerations regarding various conditions.
The skin is the outer covering of the body that protects it from damage and regulates temperature. It has two layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and the dermis is made of connective tissue. Skin thickness varies from 0.5-3mm. Skin has several appendages including hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The superficial fascia lies beneath the skin and contains fat and connective tissue. It helps insulate the body and store fat. Skin has many important functions like protection, sensation, temperature regulation and vitamin D synthesis.
This document discusses different types of epithelial tissues. It defines epithelium and provides terminology used to describe epithelial layers and cell shapes. Several specific types of epithelial tissues are then described, including their structure, function, and location in the body. Simple squamous epithelium lines parts of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels. Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in the kidneys. Simple columnar epithelium lines parts of the digestive tract. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the trachea. Stratified squamous epithelium forms the skin and mouth lining. Transitional epithelium is found in the bladder and urethra.
Liver and extra hepatic biliary apparatus.pptxSundip Charmode
The document provides information about the liver including its shape, weight, position, surfaces, borders, lobes, ligaments, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and clinical significance. It discusses the gallbladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct which make up the extrahepatic biliary apparatus. The document describes the anatomy and relations of these structures in detail.
Membranes are thin layers of tissue that cover, support, and separate organs and line body cavities. The three main types of membranes are mucous, serous, and synovial membranes. Mucous membranes line cavities open to the exterior and secrete mucus. Serous membranes line closed body cavities and secrete serous fluid. Examples include the pleura and pericardium. Synovial membranes contain synovial fluid and separate joints like the bones in the skeleton.
The digestive system extends from the mouth to the anus. It contains organs that ingest, digest, and absorb food and eliminate waste. The gastrointestinal tract lining contains three layers - epithelium, connective tissue lamina propria, and smooth muscle muscularis mucosae. Saliva produced by salivary glands in the mouth begins digesting starch and buffers acidic foods. The tongue maneuvers food and contains taste buds. Teeth crush and grind food before it enters the esophagus.
The digestive system contains both the alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract) and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The digestive tract walls are composed of four main layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, with enzymes from the mouth, stomach, pancreas and small intestine facilitating the process.
ANATOMY OF ESOPHAGUS-Dr.Neeraj Kumar Banoriadrnkb2000
1. The document describes the anatomy and development of the esophagus. It notes that the esophagus is divided into cervical, thoracic, and abdominal parts and discusses the layers of the esophageal wall.
2. Key details are provided on the myenteric plexus and development of the esophagus from the foregut. Figures show the positions of the esophagus relative to other structures in the neck and chest.
3. Anatomical features including constrictions, deviations, and tissues anchoring the esophagus are examined. The fascial planes surrounding the esophagus are also outlined.
The document discusses the anatomy and structure of the esophagus. It describes the esophagus as a 25-28 cm long muscular tube located between the larynx and stomach. It has four layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and adventitia. The muscularis propria contains both longitudinal and circular smooth muscle fibers that allow for peristaltic movements to propel food to the stomach. The adventitia is the outermost layer consisting of loose connective tissue.
The document summarizes the histological features of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins with the oral cavity, describing the epithelium and structures found in the lips, tongue, and oropharynx. It then discusses the esophagus and stomach, noting the transitions in epithelial lining and layers of muscle. The small and large intestines are also summarized, focusing on the absorptive roles played by the villi in the small intestines and the colon in the large intestines.
Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)//DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Wasim Ak
The digestive tract or gastrointestinal tract ( GIT) is composed of mouth , pharynx, oesophagus, stomach , small intestine and large intestine .
This GIT will helps in digestion of food and absorption of needed nutrients into our body .
The document provides an overview of the digestive system, including its main functions and components. The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and digestive glands. The alimentary canal runs from the mouth to the anus and includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Each part has specific structures and functions related to ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination of food.
The digestive system comprises the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs. The gastrointestinal tract extends from the mouth to the anus and includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The stomach is a J-shaped organ that aids in digestion through secretion of gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid, enzymes like pepsin, and mucus. The acidic environment and enzymes in the stomach begin breaking down proteins in food.
The document describes the anatomy and histology of the esophagus. It begins by outlining the objectives to describe the anatomy, including its extent, parts, relations, constrictions, blood supply, innervation, and lymphatics. It then describes the esophagus's length and path between the pharynx and stomach. The esophagus can be divided into cervical, thoracic, and abdominal parts. The document details the histological layers of the esophagus - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and adventitia/serosa - and notes important clinical implications like Barrett's esophagus.
The document provides information about the digestive system, including the organs and processes involved. It describes the main parts of the digestive tract from mouth to anus. It details the layers of the digestive tract walls and explains the roles of the salivary glands, teeth, tongue, and liver and pancreas in digestion. Accessory organs help break down food while the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine further digest and absorb nutrients before waste is eliminated.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the digestive system. It begins with an overview of digestion and absorption. It then describes each section of the gastrointestinal tract in detail, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. For each section, it discusses the layers, muscles, glands, and role in digestion.
Anatomy and physiology of GI system and Diagnostic techniquesharshraman1989
The document describes the human digestive system. It begins with an introduction and overview of the digestive tract. It then details each part of the tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. For each organ, it discusses structure, function, blood supply, and associated glands and tissues. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the digestive system and the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs most nutrients. The walls contain villi and microvilli that increase the surface area for absorption. The small intestine is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery and drained by the superior mesenteric vein.
The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. It absorbs water, produces vitamins, stores waste, and forms feces. The colon is divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections. The rectum and anal canal are surrounded by sphincter muscles and lined by stratified squamous epithelium. Blood supply
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of the digestive system. It begins with definitions of digestion and the organs involved. The digestive system breaks down food through both mechanical and chemical digestion in the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal walls consist of four layers - adventitia, muscle, submucosa, and mucosa. Accessory organs include salivary glands, liver, and pancreas. Digestion involves ingestion, propulsion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
The GI tract contains four layers: the innermost layer is the mucosa, underneath this is the submucosa, followed by the muscularis propria and finally, the outermost layer - the adventitia. The structure of these layers varies, in different regions of the digestive system, depending on their function.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM anatomy and physiology of Bsc nursing pdf/pptx NS crown
This is PDF anatomy and physiology the book of Bsc nursing.
This is provide better sentence formation to understand the Anatomy and physiology. It's easy to read during your exams day. In this , the language used its very good and understandable.
Lab 5 Digestive system Tongue, Esophagus & Stomach.pdfNoor Muhsen Jawad
The histology of the digestive system
In this lecture the student will be able to recognize the histological layers of the digestive system organs such as tongue, esophagus and stomach and the characteristic feature of each organ
The document summarizes the anatomy and histology of the esophagus. It describes the four main layers of the esophagus - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa/adventitia. The mucosa contains epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. The submucosa contains esophageal glands and the plexus of Meissner. The muscularis contains two layers of smooth muscle - inner circular and outer longitudinal, as well as the plexus of Auerbach. The outermost layer is the serosa or adventitia. The document then provides more details on the histology and cell types of each layer.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of the digestive system. It describes the digestive system as consisting of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The document outlines the locations and roles of each organ in ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination of food.
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OXYGENATION - TYPES OF OXYGEN DEVICE.pptSaili Gaude
This is short yet comprehensive lecture on oxygenation for Bsc nursing students. This lecture comprises of various devices of oxygen administration and their uses, advantages and disadvantages.
PATHOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM DISORDER pptSaili Gaude
This lecture includes pathology of renal calculi , renal carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, bladder tumor, renal tumor etc. This lecture have been prepared in view of Nursing students according to syllabus.
ASTHMA - PATHOLOGY FOR NURSING STUDENTSSaili Gaude
This lecture is on Pathology of asthma for nurses. This lecture is prepared for sem 4 nursing students. It includes, etiopathogenesis, gross morphology and microscopic morphology and diagnosis of asthma. It describes charcot leyden crystals and Cruschman spiral.
BRONCHIECTASIS PATHOLOGY FOR NURSES.pptxSaili Gaude
This lecture describes in detail the pathology of Bronchiectasis . The lecture is prepared for sem 3 nursing students. It includes types of bronchiectasis , its types, etiopathogenesis, gross morphology an dmicroscopic morphology.
STROKE AND ITS TYPES - PATHOLOGY LECTURESaili Gaude
This lecture describes the pathology of stroke, the types of stroke, gross morphology and microscopic changes in stroke, transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, etiopathogenesis of stroke and infarcts of stroke.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF PANCREAS PPTX.Saili Gaude
This lecture includes the anatomy of pancreas, structure of pancreas, parts of pancreas, its enzymes, trypsin, proteas and lipase and amylase, its functions, common bile duct, ucinate process, location of pancreas, pancreatic acinar cells, islet of langerhans and physiology of pancreas
This lecture deals with anatomy of liver and physiology of liver. It includes the lobes of liver, structure of liver, location of liver, porta hepatis, the lobules and hepatocytes, kuffer cells, glissons capsule, biliary sytem, portal artery, portal triad, portal vein, functions of liver.
This lecture describes anatomy of gall bladder and physiology of gall bladder. It includes parts of gall bladder, layers of gall bladder, bile, biliary system, bile duct, functions of gall bladder, functions of bile, blood supply of gall bladder etc.
Hydrocephalus, meningitis and encephalitis - PathologySaili Gaude
This presentation covers in brief the CNS pathology for nurses according to sem 4 syllabus. This covers disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis and also includes hydrocephalus.
Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lung parenchyma. This lecture deals with pathology of pneumonia in short and concise manner for nursing students. It includes the types of pneumonia, lobar pneumonia, bronchial pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia , hospital acquired pneumonia, community acquired pneumonia and so on. It also discusses the stages of pneumonia that is initial response, red hepatization, grey hepatization and resolution
The human ear is divided into three parts - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects and directs sound waves through the external auditory meatus to the tympanic membrane. Vibrations from the tympanic membrane are amplified by the ossicles and transmitted through the oval window to the fluid-filled inner ear. Within the inner ear, vibrations stimulate hair cells which transmit signals through the auditory nerve to the brain, where they are perceived as sound. The semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule detect body movement and position for balance and equilibrium.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the human eye. It discusses the main parts and layers of the eyeball including the outer fibrous layer (sclera, cornea, conjunctiva), middle vascular layer (choroid, ciliary body, iris), and inner retinal layer. It also describes the chambers of the eyeball that contain aqueous humor and vitreous humor. The document explains the process of vision including light refraction in the eye, accommodation of the lens, photo chemical activity in the retina, and visual processing in the brain.
Anatomy and physiology of skin. Explanation on epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The various mechanoreceptors, pigments and glands of skin. Physiologic function of the skin
A short simplified anatomy of eye. it includes explanation of all 3 layers of eyes, sclera, choroid and retina. Anatomy of cornea, conjunctiva, pupil, lens, iris, ciliary body etc. physiology of vision, its process and photochemical activity of eyes are discussed in detail.
The pharynx is located behind the nasal cavity and mouth and above the larynx and esophagus. It is approximately 13 cm long and functions as a passageway for both food and air. The pharynx has three parts - the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx lies behind the nasal cavity and contains the adenoid tonsils. The oropharynx lies behind the mouth and contains the palatine tonsils. The laryngopharynx extends from the oropharynx down to the esophagus. The pharynx has three layers - a mucous layer lined with epithelium, a fibrous middle layer, and
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract. It begins with an introduction to the main structures including the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. It then describes each structure in more detail, covering their location, composition, blood supply and functions. Key points include a description of the nasal cavities and their three sections, the role of nasal conchae in airflow, and the functions of the respiratory tract in warming, humidifying and filtering air before it reaches the lungs.
It describe the anatomy of eye in detail according to the BD chaurasia textbook.
It includes the parts of eye, internal structures, blood and nerve supply.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. INTRODUCTION
A long fibromuscular tube that joins oral cavity to
stomach
Length- 25cm
Diameter- 2cm
Location : cervical vertebrae 6 to thoracic vertebrae
11
It actively facilitates the passage of the food into
the stomach under nervous regulation
7. JUNCTIONS
Esophagus is connected at either
end by other structures, resulting
in 2 junctions:
1) Pharyngoesophageal junction
2) Gastroesophageal junction
10. SPHINCTERS
The passage of food through these junctions is regulated by
sphincters: bundles of muscle fibers under involuntary
2 SPHINCTERS
1) UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
2) LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
11. 1) UPPER ESOPHAGEAL
SPHINCTER
The pharyngoesophageal junction is surrounded by the upper
esophageal sphincter also known as the cricopharyngeus muscle.
This muscle is part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles
12. LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
Gastroeophageal junction is surrounded by the lower esophageal
sphincter also known as cardiac sphincter
It is referred to as cardiac sphincter because of its location near the
heart
The primary function of the LES is to keep the acid and food inside
the stomach and prevent it from re- entering into the esophagus
The LES is a physiological sphincter as it does not have thickened ring
of muscles like anatomical sphincters do. Instead they have circular
muscle that works by constricting either around or inside of them.
15. MUCOSA
Made up stratified squamous epithelium containing numerous
mucous glands
It secretes mucus which helps lubricate food and shield from
stomach acid
16. SUBMUCOSA
It is a thick loose fibrous layer
connecting the mucosa to the
muscularis
It contains connective tissues and
provides blood supply, nerve supply to
the mucosa
Together the mucosa and submucosa
form long longitudinal folds so that a
cross section of the esophagus opening
would be start shaped.
17. MUSCULARIS
Composed of inner layer in which the
fibres are circular and an outer layer of
longitudinal fibres.
The inner circular muscle fibres are
arranged in very tight spiral whereas the
longitudinal muscle fibres are loose.
When divided into 3 parts the :
Upper 1/3rd – striated muscles
Middle 1/3rd – striated and smooth
muscles
Lower 1/3rd – smooth muscles
18. ADVENTITIA
Outer layer of the esophagus is
composed of loose fibrous tissue that
connects the esophagus with
neighbouring structures
19. ESOPHAGEAL HIATUS
It is situated in the muscular part of the
diaphragm at the level of the tenth
thoracic vertebra and is elliptical in shape
It is the hole through which the esophagus
passes through the diaphragm
20. PHYSIOLOGY OF ESOPHAGUS
The esophagus is involved in the processes of swallowing and
peristalsis to move substances from the mouth to the stomach.
The swallowing food begins in the mouth and continues with the
contraction of skeletal muscles in the pharynx and esophagus.
The upper esophageal sphincter dilates to permit the swallowed
substance to enter the esophagus
From this point, waves of muscle contraction are called as peristalsis
Regions of the esophagus closer to the stomach open through the
action of the LES to allow food to enter the stomach