- The document analyzes cylindrical shell structures with varying parameters like radius and thickness.
- It analyzes multiple cylindrical shell models of two different lengths (Type A/A' and Type B/B') in which radius and thickness are varied.
- The analysis found that for models with the same thickness but varying radius (Type A/A'), maximum moments, forces and stresses generally increased as radius decreased. For models with the same radius but varying thickness (Type B/B'), maximum moments, forces and stresses generally increased as thickness increased.
Seismic Retrofitting of Masonry StructuresDr K M SONI
Large number of masonry buildings are susceptible to damages during earthquakes due to no provisions of features of seismic requirements. Such features can be included during seismic retrofitting to increase resistance of buildings to earthquakes.
shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.
Seismic Retrofitting of Masonry StructuresDr K M SONI
Large number of masonry buildings are susceptible to damages during earthquakes due to no provisions of features of seismic requirements. Such features can be included during seismic retrofitting to increase resistance of buildings to earthquakes.
shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.
Basic points on earthquake resistant building
- Design considerations and different techniques employed to resist building from collapse during earthquake
Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of dimension and space, in which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in a term of a basic unit or module, known as ‘1M’ which is equivalent to 100 mm.
Shell structure, In building construction, a thin, curved plate structure shaped to transmit applied forces by compressive, tensile, and shear stresses that act in the plane of the surface.
Basic points on earthquake resistant building
- Design considerations and different techniques employed to resist building from collapse during earthquake
Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of dimension and space, in which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in a term of a basic unit or module, known as ‘1M’ which is equivalent to 100 mm.
Shell structure, In building construction, a thin, curved plate structure shaped to transmit applied forces by compressive, tensile, and shear stresses that act in the plane of the surface.
The topic is about the basic concepts of shell structure. Shell structures are light weight construction using shell elements. These elements are typically curve and are assembled to make large structured.
Analysis of rc framed structures with central and partial openings in masonry...eSAT Journals
Abstract In Reinforced concrete frames the masonry infill walls are a common practice in countries like India, where the region is prone to seismic activity. In general, the masonry infill walls are treated as nonstructural element in structural analysis and only the contribution of its mass for is considered and it’s structural parameters like strength and stiffness is generally ignored in practice, such an approach may lead to an unsafe design. Infill walls resist lateral loads but because of the openings in the infill wall the resistance may slightly reduce. The IS code provisions do not provide guidelines for the analysis and design of RC frames with infill wall and for different percentage of openings. In this study, an office or residential building outer side central opening or outer side partial openings are used and analysis is carried for Bare Frame model, infill walls without opening, infill walls with outer periphery central opening and infill wall with outer periphery partial opening models. In ETABS software G+14 RC framed building models has been prepared, Equivalent Static Lateral force method, Response spectrum method has been performed for analysis as per IS 1893 : 2002 including p-delta effects. Storey displacement, Storey shear, Storey drift, with soft storey considering the effects of infill wall with central and partial openings are the parameters considered in this study. For modeling, the Equivalent diagonal strut method has been used to find out the width of Strut using FEMA 273 .The results for bare frame, infill wall, and infill wall with central and partial openings are discussed and conclusions are made. Keywords: Equivalent diagonal strut, stiffness, Drift limitation
Seismic behavior of elevated water tankeSAT Journals
Abstract Hydrodynamic analysis of elevated water tank is a complex procedure involving fluid structure interaction. The elevated tank supports large water mass at the top of slender staging. In case of elevated tank the resistance against lateral forces exerted by earthquake is largely dependent of supporting system. Staging is considered to be a critical element as far as lateral resistance is concern. Satisfactory performance of staging during strong ground shaking is crucial. In this paper seismic behavior of elevated water tank in view point of their supporting system is evaluated using finite element software ETABS. The main objective is to evaluate a performance of different staging system for elevated water tank using finite element software ETABS. The spring mass model consisting of impulsive and convective masses as per IS 1893:2002 Part 2 has been used for the analysis. The parametric study is performed on mathematical model with different staging system to evaluate their performance with regard to lateral stiffness, displacement, time period, seismic base shear, overturning moment, flexure etc. Keywords: Hydrodynamic analysis, Staging Performance, spring mass model, ETABS
Study of castellated beam using stiffeners a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Now-a-days the use of castellated beam has been admired due to its beneficial functions like light in weight, easy to erect, economical and stronger. The castellated beam is manufactured from its parent solid I beam by cutting it in zigzag pattern and again joining it by welding, so that the depth of the beam increases. Hence, due to increase in depth of beam load carrying capacity of the parent I section is increased with same quantity of material. The increase in depth of castellated beam leads to web post buckling and lateral torsional buckling failure when these beams are subjected to loading. There are many other modes of failure like formation of flexure mechanism, lateral torsional buckling, and formation of vierendeel mechanism, rupture of the welded joint in a web post and shear buckling of a web post which needs to be taken care of. Study shows that use of stiffeners in the web portion of beam helps in minimizing these failures. Therefore, a detailed study in respect of number of stiffeners, size of stiffener and there locations in the web portion of castellated beam needs to be carried out. Hence, in the present paper an attempt has been made to review existing literature, concerned with strength of beam using stiffeners. The literature survey indicates that use of stiffeners in web portion of castellated beams helps in increasing the strength and also minimizing the deflection. Researchers have suggested using stiffener along the edges in order to reduce the stress concentration along openings.. Key Words: openings, castellated beam, cellular beam, stiffener, thickness.
Free vibrational analysis of curved beam with uniform rectangular cross sectioneSAT Journals
Abstract
Curved beams are plays an important role in different field like house roofing, bridges, cranes, automobiles chasses etc. The study
deals with the investigation of free vibrations of thick curved beams of SS316 and MS1018, both experimentally and using ANSYS.
The curved beams having different R/t ratio were fabricated by using mild steel material. Three different boundary conditions are
imposed for curved beams are as follows; free-free, clamped-free, clamped-clamped. For experimental investigation, magnetic
transducer and VIBXpert are used to conduct experiment on different curved beams. The present work also aims at developing a
numerical model for comparing ANSYS results with experimental results to analyze the frequencies and mode shapes
corresponding to three different boundary conditions. The curved beam were modelled, meshed and analyzed using ANSYS. The
first ten natural frequencies from finite element solutions are then compared with the experimental results. These effects also
become more significant for higher modes. It is also observed that the finite element solutions are closely in agreement with
experimental results.
Key words: Curved beams, Experimental investigation, Natural frequencies, modes
Seismic analysis of high damping rubber bearings for base isolationeSAT Journals
Abstract
Base isolation is a mechanism that provides earthquake resistance to the new structure. The base isolation system decouples the building from the horizontal ground motion induced by earthquake, and offers very stiff vertical components to the base level of the superstructure in connection to substructure (foundation). It shifts the fundamental lateral period, dissipates the energy in damping, and reduces the amount of the lateral forces that transferred to the building, inter-story drift, and the floor acceleration.
The work deals with modelling and finite element analysis of a high damping rubber bearing in ANSYS 12.0. A displacement controlled transient analysis was done to analyse the behaviour of the isolator during earthquakes.
Keywords: Base isolation, High damping rubber, Transient analysis
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A study of r.c.c. beam column connection subjected to monotonic loadingeSAT Journals
Abstract
Beam and column where intersects is called as joint or Connection. The different types of joints are classified as corner joint, exterior
joint, interior joint etc. on beam column joint applying quasi-static loading .i. e. monotonic loading on cantilever end of the beam and
study of various parameters as to be find out on corner and exterior beam column joint i.e. maximum stress, minimum stress,
displacement and variation in stiffness of beam column joint can be analyzed in Ansys software ( Non-Linear FEM Software) The
various research studies focused on corner and exterior beam column joints and their behavior, support conditions of beam-column
joints. Some recent experimental studies, however, addressed beam-column joints of substandard RC frames with weak columns, poor
anchorage of longitudinal beam bars and insufficient transverse reinforcement. the behavior of exterior beam column joint is different
than the corner beam column joint.
Keywords: beam, column, corner, exterior, joint, monotonic load, quasi-static, varying stiffness
A study of r.c.c. beam column connection subjected to monotonic loadingeSAT Journals
Abstract
Beam and column where intersects is called as joint or Connection. The different types of joints are classified as corner joint, exterior
joint, interior joint etc. on beam column joint applying quasi-static loading .i. e. monotonic loading on cantilever end of the beam and
study of various parameters as to be find out on corner and exterior beam column joint i.e. maximum stress, minimum stress,
displacement and variation in stiffness of beam column joint can be analyzed in Ansys software ( Non-Linear FEM Software) The
various research studies focused on corner and exterior beam column joints and their behavior, support conditions of beam-column
joints. Some recent experimental studies, however, addressed beam-column joints of substandard RC frames with weak columns, poor
anchorage of longitudinal beam bars and insufficient transverse reinforcement. the behavior of exterior beam column joint is different
than the corner beam column joint.
Keywords: beam, column, corner, exterior, joint, monotonic load, quasi-static, varying stiffness.
Performance based seismic analysis of rc building considering the effect of d...eSAT Journals
Abstract Due to the present increase in world population, people in this world tend to occupy available locations present in any zone which also include zones falling in the high seismic zone categories. The buildings to be built in these seismic zones are more susceptible to earthquakes for obvious reasons, and the buildings constructed in such zones must be analysed and designed for the unpredictable earthquakes with unpredictable magnitudes by various lateral load resisting systems such as shear walls, bracings, tubular systems, coupled shear walls and even a combination of two load resisting systems called as dual systems. Present study includes linear-static and non-linear static analysis with different shear wall arrangements on dual systems such as flat slabs and shear walls & moment resisting frames and shear walls for different irregular plans using ETABS 9.7.4 software. Parameters such as point displacements, base shears, pushover curves are studied. Keywords: Dual Systems, Flat slabs, Pushover analysis, Shear walls.
Parametric study of response of an asymmetric building for various earthquake...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Seismic performance of a rc frame with soft storey criteriaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Soft first storey is a typical feature in the modern multi-storey constructions in urban India. Social and functional need to provide parking space at ground level leads seismic vulnerability of such a building. The computer software usage in civil engineering has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects in the analysis and design of projects. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the seismic behaviour of a multi-storey building with soft first storey. When subjected to seismic loads, it was observed that soft storey frames are less resistant when compared to infill frames.
Keywords: Masonry Infill (MI), Soft storey, relative stiffness, Diagonal strut, Base shear, response spectrum analysis, Time history analysis.
Finite element analysis of jacketed reinforced concrete column subjected to u...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of concentric and eccentric type of bracings on performance based seis...eSAT Journals
Abstract When a tall building is subjected to lateral or torsional deflections under the action of seismicloads, the resulting oscillatory movement can induce a wide range of responses in the building’s occupants.[1]As a result, lateral stiffness is a major consideration in the design of tall buildings. Bracing is a highly efficient and economical method of resisting lateral forces in a frame structure. In this present study, the effect of four different types of bracing systems have been studied, for the use in SMRF RC framed building situated in seismic zone IV, in order to provide lateral stiffness and results in terms of storey shears and storey drifts have been presented. Keywords: RC Building, Concentric and Eccentric Bracings, Storey Drift,Storey Shear, Pushover Curves.
Finite element analysis and parametric study of curved concrete box girder us...eSAT Journals
Abstract The horizontally curved bridges are becoming the norm of highway interchanges and urban expressways as a result of complicated geometrics, limited rights of way, and traffic mitigation. This type of superstructure has gained popularity because it addresses the needs of transportation engineering. A study of box girder curved in plan with rectangular cross-section has been carried out in the present investigation. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to carryout analysis of these box girders. The analysis is carried out for the dead load, super imposed dead load and live load of IRC Class A loading. The paper presents a parametric study of curved box girders by varying span and radius of curvature and by keeping the span to depth ratio constant. The parametric investigations performed on curved box girders helps to evaluate the effects of different parameters on the behavior of the girder. This study would enable bridge engineers to better understand the behavior of curved concrete box girders. Key Words: Curved concrete box girder, ABAQUS
Evaluation of the use of concentric steel bracing to improve seismic performa...eSAT Journals
Abstract Most of the existing RC frame structures were not designed to withstand seismic effect. To meet those criteria structures should be retrofitted and out of all available retrofitting techniques adding steel braces are considered to be most efficient technique to enhance the seismic performance of the RC frame structure. In the present study three types of buildings are considered i.e., (G+2), (G+5), (G+8) as low rise, medium rise, high rise respectively, and these buildings are assigned by four different types of braces namely X, V, Inverted V, Eccen Forward at the periphery bays of the building in three different pattern i.e., model A, model B and model C. And these buildings are analyzed by nonlinear pushover analysis by using SAP2000.It is observed that the hinges were first formed in beams and followed by columns in bare frame whereas hinges were first formed in braces and followed by columns and followed by beams in case of X, Eccen forward brace and in case of V and inverted V hinges are formed first in brace followed by beams and followed by columns. It is pointed out that RC frames which are assigned with inverted V brace has least shear force and bending moment in the beams when compared to the other brace frames and there is less amount of variations in axial force shear force and bending moment in case of column. Keywords: equivalent static analysis, steel braces, equivalent strut method
Analysis of Parabolic Shell by Different Models Using Software SAP 2000ijtsrd
The shell structure consists of a thin reinforced concrete shell without the use of internal columns to create an internal opening., parabolic or spherical cross section. On the other hand, warehouses and playgrounds are conventional concrete frame structures, on the other hand, they can be difficult to design as the exact shape required for the stability of the structure depends on the material used, the dimensions of the enclosure, external or internal loads and other chamfers.. .. Thus, by changing the shell parameter, the performance of the shell will also change. The main goal of this work is to parametrically analyze different designs of cylindrical shells of different lengths in order to analyze two different lengths of taken cylindrical shells, and then change two parameters, first the radius and then the thickness, based on the radii. and the difference in thickness for the same width, length and material of the frame, we will evaluate the behavior of the frame for different models. Rohit Sahu | Barun Kumar | A. K. Jha "Analysis of Parabolic Shell by Different Models Using Software: SAP 2000" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46337.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46337/analysis-of-parabolic-shell-by-different-models-using-software-sap-2000/rohit-sahu
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and economical of roof trusses & purlins (comparison of limit stat...eSAT Journals
Abstract For a structural design to be satisfactory, generally four major objectives – utility, safety, economical and elegance must be fulfilled. This paper presents a study on behaviour and economical of roof trusses and purlins by comparison of limit state and working stress method. Roof trusses and purlins are therefore an integral part of an industrial building and the like for supporting the roofing system. This paper presents a study on behaviour and economical of fink type roof trusses, channel section purlins by comparison of limit state and working stress method. This study involves in examination of theoretical investigations of specimens in series. Overall two methods were designed and comparison of all the internal force, economical, and hence, to evaluate the co-existing moments and shear forces at the critical cross-section with same configuration area by keeping all other parameters constant. The theoretical data are calculated using Indian Standard code IS 875-1975 (part III), IS 800 – 2007 using limit state method, IS 800- 1984 using working stress method and the section properties of the specimens are obtained using steel table. The specimens are designed under uniformly distributed loading with simply supported condition. The research project aims to provide which method is economical, high bending strength, more load carrying capacity and high flexural strength. The studies reveal that the theoretical investigations limit state method design is high bending strength, high load caring capacity, minimum deflection and minimum local buckling& distortional buckling compare to the working stress method. But working stress method is most economical compare to the limit state method design. Keywords bending strength, deflection, limit state method, purlins, roof trusses, working stress method.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
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• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
block diagram and signal flow graph representation
Analysis of cylindrical shell structure with varying parameters
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 141
ANALYSIS OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL STRUCTURE WITH VARYING
PARAMETERS
Nilesh S. Lende1
, Rajshekhar S. Talikoti2
1
PG student, Department of Civil Engineering, Late G. N. Sapkal College of Engineering, Anjaneri Nashik-422413,
Affiliated to Pune University, India.
2
Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Late G. N. Sapkal College of Engineering, Anjaneri Nashik-
422413, Affiliated to Pune University, India.
Abstract
The shell structures are composed of a thin shell made of reinforced concrete without the use of internal columns giving an open
interior. Most common shells used in industry are flat plates and domes but different shapes like cylindrical, parabolic or
spherical section may also used. Sports or storage facilities buildings are common concrete shell structures. However, they can be
difficult to design, as the exact shape required for stability of structure depends on the material used, the size of the shell, exterior
or interior loading, and other oblique. So by varying the parameter of the shell, behaviour of the shell is also varying. Main goal
of this paper is parametric analysis of the multiple cylindrical shell structures with different lengths. For analysis we took two
different lengths of cylindrical shell and then, two parameters have been change first one is radius and second is thickness, on the
basis of different radius and thickness for same chord width, length, and material of shell we will compare the behaviour of shell
for different models.
Keywords: Multiple cylindrical shells, Analysis, Different Parameter.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The reinforced concrete shells can be defined as curved
shape slabs whose thickness is very small compared to their
other dimensions. The curved structures resisted more
applied forces than flat plate with less deformation and
stresses. Also shell structure are much efficient than other
structure having the same span and dimensions because
there shapes have a high strength to weight ratio. There are
a different type of shell depend upon their size, shape, type
of load, material used etc. Due to this large variation, many
practical difficulties were occurring. To solve these
difficulties many researchers introduced their theory for
design of shell. The common type of shell used in field is
cylindrical reinforced concrete shell to cover large space.
Generally long shells and short shells are the two different
form of cylindrical shell. Normally long shells are used for
roof factories and short shells for aircraft hangers.
In this paper we use thin reinforced concrete long
cylindrical shell for analysis. Membrane analysis of circular
cylindrical shells is very easy. For bending analysis of these
shells, various researchers have presented different methods
and equations. And these equations are very useful for
deriving computer based solutions. The ASCE, manual 31
on design of concrete shell roofs method presents a method
similar to that we are familiar with and use for elementary
analysis of indeterminate structure in theory of structures. It
will give us a good idea of the nature of the forces in these
shells so that when we use the modern computer software,
we can have a better awareness of the output. But the
ASCE manual 31 tables are restricted to be used for limited
shell dimensions only. Due to these restrictions we should
always plan shells in such a way that their dimensions suit
the tables of manual no. 31. But practically it will not
possible always to plan shells according to manual no. 31.
So that we will analyses the multiple cylindrical shell for
different parameters by using computer analysis program
SAP. By varying the parameters of the shell, behavior of
the shell is also varying. To know the behavior of the shell,
we will take two different dimensions of models whose
length to width ratio is 3. In those models two parameters
have been change; first one is radius and second is
thickness. After analysis we will compare the behavior of
the shells for different dimensions models.
2. METHODS OF ANALYSIS
A thin elastic shell resists the external load by developing
direct forces and bending moments. For a given geometry of
shell under some appropriate loading and support
conditions, it is possible that they can be safety neglected. In
such a case, the shell will resist the external forces through
direct or membrane forces. The shell is then said to be under
a membrane state of stress. The membrane theory is much
simpler as compared to the bending theory, since in this
theory, the membrane forces can be directly determined
from equilibrium. Because of its simplicity, the membrane
theory is often used as a reasonable basis for design. The
membrane analysis would give forces along the longitudinal
edges, which cannot be normally attained in practice by
providing a suitable support. Any corrective force or
displacement applied along these edges, so as to satisfy the
actual support condition, would lead to bending of the shell.
Hence, most of the cylindrical shell roof structures have to
be analysed considering bending, to get a more realistic
picture of force distribution in the shell.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 142
3. DETAILS OF MODELS
For analysis, following dimensions are considered which is
tabulated in tables. Properties and dimensions of multiple
cylindrical shells which are same for all models are shown
in table 1.
Table 1: Structural Properties and Dimensions of all Models
Live load 0.60 KN/m2
Grade of Concrete M-25
Type of Steel HYSD bars
Column Height 5.0 m
Column Size 1.0 m X 0.5 m
Column Support
condition
Fixed
Beam Size 1.8 m x 0.3m
Number of bay 3 bay
Different parameters of multiple cylindrical shell models of
type A, type A’, type B and type B’ are tabulated in table 2,
table 3, table 4 and table 5 respectively.
Table 2: Parameters of Type A models
TYPE A
Mod
el
Span in
X
directio
n
Span in
Y
directio
n
Angle
ɸ in
degre
e
Radiu
s
Thickn
ess
A1 30 10 30 10 0.075
A2 30 10 35 8.71 0.075
A3 30 10 40 7.77 0.075
A4 30 10 45 7.07 0.075
Table 3: Parameters of Type A’ models
TYPE A’
Mod
el
Span in
X
directio
n
Span in
Y
directio
n
Angle
ɸ in
degree
Radiu
s
Thickn
ess
A11 40 13.33 30 13.33 0.075
A22 40 13.33 35 11.62 0.075
A33 40 13.33 40 10.37 0.075
A44 40 13.33 45 9.425 0.075
Table 4: Parameters of Type B models
TYPE B
Mod
el
Span in
X
directio
n
Span in
Y
directio
n
Angle
ɸ in
degree
Radiu
s
Thickn
ess
B1 30 10 35 8.71 0.070
B2 30 10 35 8.71 0.075
B3 30 10 35 8.71 0.080
B4 30 10 35 8.71 0.100
Table 5: Parameters of Type B’ models
TYPE B’
Mode
l
Span in
X
directio
n
Span in
Y
directio
n
Angle
ɸ in
degre
e
Radiu
s
Thicknes
s
B11 40 13.33 35 11.62 0.070
B22 40 13.33 35 11.62 0.075
B33 40 13.33 35 11.62 0.080
B44 40 13.33 35 11.62 0.100
From table 2 and table 3, type A and type A’ models have
same thickness with different radius of different lengths.
And similarly from table 4 and table 5, type B and type B’
models have same radius with different thicknesses of
different lengths.
4. ANALYSIS RESULT
The main objective of this study is comparing the
parametric analysis of multiple cylindrical shell structure
with different lengths using analysis software SAP 2000.
The linear static analysis is used because we consider only
dead and live load on a multiple cylindrical shell. Stresses,
Moment developed per unit lengths and Forces acting per
unit length on the surface of shells are obtained from
analysis by varying thickness and radius for different
lengths.
For comparison of multiple cylindrical shells, we will
separate models in two different conditions.
1. Taking models having same thickness with
different radius and
2. Taking models having same radius with different
thickness for maximum moment, maximum forces and
maximum stresses which are presented below.
4.1 Maximum Element Moments
Figure 1 shows moment variation diagram and blue color
indicates the portion of maximum moment on the surface of
shell.
Fig 1: Moment variation diagram
4.1.1 Take Models Having Same Thickness with
Different Radius
4.1.1.1 Type A and Type A’ Models
Maximum moment value for type A and type A’ are
tabulated in table 6 and shown in figure 2.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 143
Table 6: Max. Moment value for Type A and Type A’
SAME THICKNESS WITH DIFFERENT RADIUS
MODEL
MAX.
MOMENT
IN KNm/m
MODEL
MAX.
MOMENT
IN KNm/m
A1 8 A11 12
A2 7.5 A22 14.3
A3 7 A33 16.5
A4 8.8 A44 12
6.5
8.5
10.5
12.5
14.5
16.5
30 35 40 45
Max.MomentsinKNm/m
Semi Central Angle
Max. Moments of Type A & TypeA' Models
Model A
Model A'
Fig 2: Comparison of Max. Moments for Type A Models &
Type A’ Models
4.1.2 Take Models Having Same Radius with
Different Thickness
4.1.2.1 Type B and Type B’ Models
Maximum moment value for type B and type B’ are
tabulated in table 7 and shown in figure 3
Table 7: Max. Moment value for Type B and Type B’
SAME RADIUS WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESS
MODEL
MAX.
MOMENT
IN KNm/m
MODEL
MAX.
MOMENT
IN KNm/m
B1 6.5 B11 12.1
B2 7.5 B22 14.3
B3 8.5 B33 13
B4 13.5 B44 24
6.5
10.5
14.5
18.5
22.5
26.5
70 80 90 100
Max.MomentsinKNm/m
Thickness of shell in milimeter
Max. Moments of Type B & Type B' Models
Model B
Model B'
Fig 3: Comparison of Max. Moments for Type B Models &
Type B’ Models
4.2 Maximum Element Forces
Figure 4 shows force variation diagram and blue color
indicates the portion of maximum forces on the surface of
shell.
Fig 4: Force variation diagram
4.2.1 Take Models Having Same Thickness with
Different Radius
4.2.1.1 Type A and Type A’ Models
Maximum force value for type A and type A’ are tabulated
in table 8 and shown in figure 5.
Table 8: Max. Forces value for Type A and Type A’
SAME THICKNESS WITH DIFFERENT
RADIUS
MODEL
MAX.
FORCE
IN KN/m
MODEL
MAX.
FORCE
IN KN/m
A1 187 A11 350
A2 176 A22 350
A3 176 A33 300
A4 165 A44 234
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 144
160
200
240
280
320
360
30 35 40 45
Max.ForcesinKNm/m
Semi Central Angle
Max. Forces of Type A & Type A' Models
Model A
Model A'
Fig 5: Comparison of Max. Forces for Type A Models &
Type A’ Models
4.2.2 Take Models Having Same Radius with
Different Thickness
4.2.2.1 Type B and Type B’ Models
Maximum force value for type B and type B’ are tabulated
in table 9 and shown in figure 6.
Table 9: Max. Forces value for Type B and Type B’
SAME RADIUS WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESS
MODEL
MAX.
FORCE IN
KN/m
MODEL
MAX.
FORCE IN
KN/m
B1 176 B11 300
B2 176 B22 350
B3 198 B33 350
B4 275 B44 550
160
210
260
310
360
410
460
510
560
70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Max.ForcesinKNm/m
Thickness of shell in milimeter
Max. Forces of Type B& Type B' Models
Model B
Model B'
Fig 6: Comparison of Max. Forces for Type B Models &
Type B’ Models
4.3 Maximum Element Stresses
Figure 7 shows stress variation diagram and blue color
indicates the portion of maximum stresses on the surface of
shell.
Fig 7: Stress variation diagram
4.3.1 Take Models Having Same Thickness with
Different Radius
4.3.1.1 Type A and Type A’ Models
Maximum stresses value for type A and type A’ are
tabulated in table 10 and shown in figure 8.
Table 10: Max. Stresses value for Type A and Type A’
SAME THICKNESS WITH DIFFERENT
RADIUS
MODEL
MAX.
STRESSES
IN KN/m2
MODEL
MAX.
STRESSES
IN KN/m2
A1 13120 A11 18120
A2 14320 A22 19842
A3 11023 A33 17385
A4 11080 A44 22120
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
22000
30 35 40 45
Max.StressesinKNm/m
Semi Central Angle
Max. Stresses of Type A & Type A' Models
Model A
Model A'
Fig 8: Comparison of Max. Stresses for Type A Models &
Type A’ Models
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 145
4.3.2 Take Models Having Same Radius with
Different Thickness
4.3.2.1 Type B and Type B’ Models
Maximum stresses value for type B and type B’ are
tabulated in table 11 and shown in figure 9.
Table 11: Max. Stresses value for Type B and Type B’
SAME RADIUS WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESS
MODEL
MAX.
STRESSES
IN KN/m2
MODEL
MAX.
STRESSES
IN KN/m2
B1 12120 B11 17052
B2 14320 B22 19850
B3 12200 B33 18115
B4 14312 B44 20913
11000
13000
15000
17000
19000
21000
70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Max.StressesinKNm/m
Thickness of shell in milimeter
Max. Stresses of Type B& TypeB' Models
Model B
Model B'
Fig 9: Comparison of Max. Stresses for Type B Models &
Type B’ Models
5. DISCUSSION
5.1 For Maximum Forces
1. From Figure 5, it is observed that if a type of models
having same thickness and different radius, then the
maximum forces value decreases with increased in semi
central angle for Type A and Type A’ models.
2. From figure 6, it is observed that if a type of models
having same radius and different thickness, then the
maximum forces value increases with increase in thickness
for Type B and Type B’ models. But certain reduction is
occurred at 80mm thickness due to change in dimensions of
shell in Type B’ models.
5.2 For Maximum Stresses
1. From Figure 8, it is observed that if a type of models
having same thickness and different radius, then the
maximum stresses value decreases with increase in semi
central angle for Type A and Type A’ models up to 40
degree and then again increased.
2. From figure 9, it is observed that if a type of models
having same radius and different thickness, then the
maximum Stresses value increases with increase in
thickness for Type B and Type B’ models. But certain
reduction is occurred at 80mm thickness due to change in
dimensions of shell in both Type B and Type B’ models.
5.3 For Maximum Moments
1. From Figure 2, it is observed that if a type of models
having same thickness and different radius, then the
maximum moment’s value decreases with increase in semi
central angle for Type A up to 40 degree and then again
increased. For Type A’ Models, maximum moments value
increases with increasing semi central angle up to 40 degree
and then again decrease.
2. From figure 3, it is observed that if a type of models
having same radius and different thickness, then the
maximum moment value increases with increase in
thickness for Type B and Type B’ models. But certain
reduction is occurred at 80mm thickness due to change in
dimensions of shell in Type B’ models.
3. The surface of maximum moment formed at the middle
end of the end shell but due to increase in length and width
of shell, the portion of maximum moments for some
models formed at that surface where two shells are joining
with each other at end. Which means direct forces exerted
by the end of the shell at its supports was not distributed
properly. To overcome this problem, we provided stiffener
beam along the curve edge of a shell. So analysis of
multiple cylindrical shell structure with stiffener beam is
carried out.
5.4. Analysis of Multiple Cylindrical Shells with
Stiffener Beam
The supports provided on edge of a shell along the curve
are called as Stiffener. Comparison of analysis of multiple
cylindrical shell structure with and without stiffener beam
is shown in figure 10 to figure 12.
188
325
212
393
182
317
213
391
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
TYPE A TYPE A' TYPE B TYPE B'
Max.ForcesinKN/m
Types of Models
Without
Stiffener
With
Stiffener
Fig 10 Variation of forces due to stiffener beam
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 146
7.8
12.2
10.3
14.6
3.6
5.7
5.1
8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
TYPE A TYPE A' TYPE B TYPE B'
Max.MomentsinKNm/m
Types of Models
Without
Stiffener
With
Stiffener
Fig 11 Variation of moments due to stiffener beam
12620
18636
12680
19600
7625
12500
8125
13500
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
TYPE A TYPE A' TYPE B TYPE B'
Max.StressesinKN/m2/m
Types of Models
Without
Stiffener
With
Stiffener
Fig 12: Variation of stresses due to stiffener beam
6. CONCLUSION
From the analysis of multiple cylindrical reinforced
concrete shell structure with varying parameters following
conclusions can be drawn.
1. The behavior of reinforced concrete multiple cylindrical
shell structure whose length to width ratio is three was
different for different dimensional models.
2. Moments and Stresses of cylindrical shell structure are
significant when the semi central angle is 40 degree and
thickness of shell is 80mm.
3. Stiffener beams transferred the tension and moment
created by the shear from the shell on to the support.
4. Hence stiffener beams is an essential part of a multiple
cylindrical reinforced concrete shell structure.
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