1) The document describes programming the on-chip 10-bit ADC of the LPC2148 microcontroller to implement a simple data acquisition system. It discusses the features of the ADC, the programming interface, control registers, and provides code to initialize the ADC and read conversion results. 2) The code configures the ADC ports and control registers, reads the conversion results when the ADC status indicates a conversion is complete, and prints the voltage levels to the UART. 3) The results show the ADC accurately converts analog voltages from 0-3.1V to their corresponding 10-bit digital values, which are printed to the UART terminal.

1. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
1 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
Name: Omkar Rane
Roll No: TETB118 Batch:1 Block:1
ENTC
Problem No.1: Program the LPC21XX On-chip ADC to implement a simple Data
Acquisition System
OBJECTIVES
• Features of On-chip 10-bit ADC (4 / 8 channels) and type of ADC used
• Programming the On-chip 10-bit ADC of the development board
EQUIPMENTS
• LPC2148 Micro–A748 Development Board
• Keil µvision IDE enabled PC
• Sensors
THEORY
Analog to Digital Converter
The A/D converter present on some LPC2000 variants is a 10-bit
successive approximation converter, with a conversion time of 2.44
µSec. The A/D converter has either 4 or 8 multiplexed inputs
depending on the variant. The programming interface for the A/D
converter is shown below
Figure 1: ADC is available with 4 or 8 channels of 10-bit
resolution

2. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
2 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
Features of ADC
• 2 internal ADC's - ADC0 (6 Channel), ADC1 (8 Channel)
• Type: 10-bit, Successive Approximation type,
• Supports burst mode (repeated conversion at 3-bit to 10-bit resolution)
• Supports simultaneous conversion on both ADC's
• Conversion time: 2.44 micro-seconds
• Start of Conversion by software control / on timer match /transition on a pin
• Range: 0 V – VREF (+3.3 V)
• Max. clock frequency is 4.5 MHz, (by programming ADC Control (ADxCON Register)
ADC Control Registers:
1. SEL: The bits from (0 to 7) are used to select the channel for ADC conversion. One bit is
allotted for each channel. For example setting the Bit-0 will make the ADC to sample AD0.1 for
conversion. And setting the bit -1 will make AD0.1; similarly setting bit-7 will do the conversion
for AD0.7. Important step is we have PINSEL according to the port we are using for example
PINSEL0 for PORT0 in PLC2148.
2. CLCKDIV: The bits from (8 to 15) are for Clock Divisor. Here the APB clock (ARM
Peripheral Bus clock) is divided by this value plus one to produce the clock required for the A/D
converter, which should be less than or equal to 4.5 MHz as we are using successive
approximation method in LPC2148.
3. BURST: The bit 16 is used for BURST conversion mode.
Setting 1: The ADC will do the conversion for all the channels that are selected in SEL bits.
Setting 0: Will disable the BURST conversion mode.
4. CLCKS: The bits from (17 to 19) three bits are used for selecting resolution and the number
of clocks for A/D conversion in burst mode as it is continuous A/D conversion mode.
5. PDN: The bit 21 is for selecting Power down Mode of ADC in LPC2148.
1. A/D is in PDN mode.
2. A/D is in operational mode
6. START: The bits from (24 to 26) are for START. When the BURST conversion mode is OFF
by setting 0, these START bits are useful for when to start the A/D conversion. The START is
used for edge controlled conversion also. That is when there is an input in CAP or MAT pin of
LPC2148 the A/D starts to convert.
7. EDGE: The 27th
bit is for EDGE is used only when the START bit contains 010-111. It starts
conversion when there is CAP or MAT input you can see above table for that.
Setting: 0 - On Falling Edge
1- On Rising Edge

3. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
3 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
Configure ADC (AD0CR / AD1CR)
Observations:
Voltage Theoretical Values Practical
Values
ADC Hex
Values
1.0 V 1/1024=9.7656 mV 1021 V 013D
1.5 V 1.5/1024=1.4648 mV 1591 V 01EE
2.0 V 2/1024=1.9531 mV 2072 V 0283
2.5 V 2.5/1024=2.4414 mV 2587 V 0329
3.0 V 3/1024=2.587 mV 3106 V 03C4
3.1 V 3.1/1024=3.027 mV 3229 V 03EA
INTERFACING DETAILS / CONNECTIONS

4. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
4 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
ALGORITHM / FLOWCHART
Steps for configuring the on-chip ADC
1. Configuring the ADC Power and ADC Port Pin
2. Configure ADC (AD0CR / AD1CR)
3. Reading the status of ADC
4. Reading the conversion results and displaying the Hex value on LCD display
PROGRAM CODE
adc_new.c file:
#include "lpc214x.h"
#include"stdio.h"
#include"UART.h"
#define ADC0 1<<24
#define ADC1 1<<26
#define ADC_ON 1<<21
#define ADC_Start 1<<24
#define ADC_Channel 0x03
#define ADC_Divider 0x03<<8
#define ADC_Burst 1<<16
#define ADC_CLKS 0x00<<17
void Display(int);
void adcdelay(unsigned int time)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<time;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<10000;j++);
}
}

5. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
5 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
void ADCInit(void)
{
int i;
i=PINSEL1;
i=(i& 0xF0FFFFFF);
PINSEL1=(i | (ADC0 | ADC1));
AD0CR=(ADC_Channel | ADC_Divider|ADC_Burst|ADC_CLKS);
i=AD0CR;
AD0CR=(i|ADC_ON);
}
unsigned int get_adc_voltage(unsigned int volt)
{
unsigned int volt_mv;
volt_mv=((volt*3300)/1024);
return volt_mv;
}
int main(void)
{
unsigned int ad0_data,ad1_data,voltage;
unsigned char * String="ADC Value(hex)";
UartInit(9600);
ADCInit();
//ADCInit();
printf("rn %s",String);
while(1)
{
if(AD0STAT & 0x03)
{
ad1_data=(AD0DR1 & 0x0000FFC0)>>6;
adcdelay(500);
voltage=get_adc_voltage(ad1_data);
printf("rnADC Voltage (mV)=%4d",voltage);
Display(ad1_data);
}
return 0;
}
}

6. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
6 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
void Display(int v)
{
unsigned char Character[17]={"0123456789ABCDEF"};
unsigned char res[5]={"n"};
int i=0;
unsigned int DivValue=0x1000,BaseValue=16;
while(DivValue)
{
res[i]=Character[v/DivValue];
i++;
v%=DivValue;
DivValue/=BaseValue;
}
printf("rn ADC value in Hex = %s",res);
UART_PutChar('n');
}
Header File UART.h :
void UartInit(unsigned int);
int UART_PutChar(unsigned char);
UART.c file:
#include "lpc214x.h"
#include "stdio.h"
void UartInit(unsigned int baudrate) //setting the baud rate for
115200 baud
{
int i,FDiv;
i = PINSEL0; // read the value of the pins function
i = i & 0xFFFFFFF0; // modify the value
PINSEL0 = (i | 0x05); // set the functionality of the TxD and Rxd Pin
:01

7. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
7 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
//set the baud rate
U0LCR = 0x83; // Line control
register :DLAB=1 ; 8 bits ; 1 stop bit ; no parity
FDiv = (15000000 / 16 ) / baudrate ; //
U0DLM = FDiv /256; //0x00;
U0DLL = FDiv %256; //0x97;
U0LCR = 0x03; // Line control
register :DLAB=0 ; 8 bits ; 1 stop bit ; no parity
U0TER = 0x80;
}
int UART_GetChar(void)
{
while(!(U0LSR & 0x1));
return(U0RBR);
}
int UART_PutChar(unsigned char Ch)
{
if (Ch == 'n') {
while (!(U0LSR & 0x20));
U0THR = 0x0D; /* output CR */
}
while(!(U0LSR & 0x20));
return( U0THR = Ch);
}
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f) {
return (UART_PutChar(ch));
}
struct __FILE { int handle; /* Add whatever you need here */ };
FILE __stdout;

8. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
8 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
PROGRAM OUTPUT / RESULTS
Host Machine and Target Board

9. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
9 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR

10. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
10 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
UART Readings On Host PC:
1.0 Volt
1.5 Volt

11. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
11 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
2.0 Volt
2.5 Volt

12. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
12 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
3.0 Volt
3.1 Volt
‘

13. PRACTICAL NO. 5 Programming LPC214X On-chip ADC
13 TY BTECH (SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
REFERENCES
1. Andrew Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, “ARM System Developer’s
Guide – Designing and Optimizing System Software, ELSEVIER.
2. LPC 214x User manual (UM10139): www.nxp.com
3. ARM architecture reference manual: www.arm.com
4. Trevor Martin, “An Engineer’s Introduction to the LPC2100 series”, Hitex
(UK)
CONCLUSION
In this experiment we studied about various registers in ADC on chip peripheral
of LPC 2148 . We programmed them suitably to obtain respective results via
UART . AD0.1 was given voltage between 0-3.1 V and voltage readings
observed via UART on terminal screen. Theoretical and practical values almost
same.