Self compacting concrete SCC is a very fluid concrete and a homogeneous mixture that solves most of the problems related to ordinary concrete. Self Compacting Concrete gets dense and compacted due to its own self weight. An experimental investigation has been carried out to determine different characters like filling ability, passing ability, segregation resistance workability and strength of Self Compacting Concrete SCC . And finally determining the chloride penetrability of SCC. Self Compacted Concrete is generally defined as the “Concrete, which does not need Compaction.†Due to these characteristics, SCC is ideally suited for concreting structures, which have heavily congested reinforcement or difficult access conditions. In this project, M40 grade concrete were made using European method. The compressive strength, split tension test obtained at the ages of 7, 14 and 28 days. Mr. R. Jeya Prakash | Ms. R. Nirmala ""An Experimental Study on Rapid Chloride Penetration Test of Self Compacting Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21650.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/21650/an-experimental-study-on-rapid-chloride-penetration-test-of-self-compacting-concrete/mr-r-jeya-prakash
Quality Control in Concrete and Durability factors : An overviewbybyRAJESH PRASAD,IRSE, CPM/M, RVNL. KOLKATA. An interesting and informative presentation....
Quality Control in Concrete and Durability factors : An overviewbybyRAJESH PRASAD,IRSE, CPM/M, RVNL. KOLKATA. An interesting and informative presentation....
Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is a ready-to-use material, with predetermined mixture of Cement, sand, aggregates and water.
“Ready mix concrete is concrete whose components are proportioned away from the construction site for delivery to the construction site by the truck in a ready-to-use-condition.”
Experimental Investigation of High – Strength Characteristics of Self Curing ...IJMTST Journal
In concrete structures exposed to the ambient air at early ages, the moisture content in concrete
decreases due to moisture diffusion. In addition, self-desiccation due to hydration of cement causes an
additional decrease of moisture content in concrete at early ages, especially for high-strength concrete. In this
study, the internal relative humidity in drying concrete specimens was measured at early ages. Furthermore,
the variation of relative humidity due to self-desiccation in sealed specimen was measured. The moisture
distribution in low-strength concrete with high water/cement ratio was mostly influenced by moisture
diffusion due to drying rather than self-desiccation. In high-strength concrete with low water/cement ratio,
however, self-desiccation had a considerable influence on moisture distribution. The results obtained from
the moisture diffusion theory were in good agreement with experimental results.
Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is a ready-to-use material, with predetermined mixture of Cement, sand, aggregates and water.
“Ready mix concrete is concrete whose components are proportioned away from the construction site for delivery to the construction site by the truck in a ready-to-use-condition.”
Experimental Investigation of High – Strength Characteristics of Self Curing ...IJMTST Journal
In concrete structures exposed to the ambient air at early ages, the moisture content in concrete
decreases due to moisture diffusion. In addition, self-desiccation due to hydration of cement causes an
additional decrease of moisture content in concrete at early ages, especially for high-strength concrete. In this
study, the internal relative humidity in drying concrete specimens was measured at early ages. Furthermore,
the variation of relative humidity due to self-desiccation in sealed specimen was measured. The moisture
distribution in low-strength concrete with high water/cement ratio was mostly influenced by moisture
diffusion due to drying rather than self-desiccation. In high-strength concrete with low water/cement ratio,
however, self-desiccation had a considerable influence on moisture distribution. The results obtained from
the moisture diffusion theory were in good agreement with experimental results.
To Study the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate ...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the study of workability and durability characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), and containing fly ash. The mix design for SCC was arrived as per the Guidelines of European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, mineral admixture fly ash and demolished concrete at various replacement levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). To enhance the property of SCC made with the use of demolish concrete and fly ash, glass fiber has been added to the mix. Glass fiber in various % (i.e. 0.15%, 0.20% 0.30%, of Wt. of cement) has been added in the mix which contain demolish concrete and gave highest strength i.e. (10% demolish concrete).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Study on Utilization of Hybrid Fibers in Self Compacting Concreteijtsrd
Self compacting concrete is a non segregating concrete that is placed by means of its own weight. It is highly flow able concrete that can spread without need of vibration. In this study steel and polypropylene fiber are used as hybrid fiber to enhance the workability of the concrete. In addition to this, CONPLAST SP 430 is used as a chemical admixture which is added to SCC by the volume of 2 of cement. These components like hybrid fiber and super plasticizer are added to the concrete to improve the better strength and durability of SCC. In this study, the various mix proportions of fibers discussed in this study are 0 , 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , 1 , 1.5 determined by preliminary test on self compacted materials. By this desired compositions test for fresh concrete such as slump flow, L box and V funnel, U box, J ring are performed for SCC. It is found that compression and split tensile strength has been improved by the addition of hybrid fibers at 1 respectively. This experimental investigation is carried out to improve the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength in SCC for obtaining the optimum value. S. Janani | P. Karthick ""Experimental Study on Utilization of Hybrid Fibers in Self-Compacting Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30162.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30162/experimental-study-on-utilization-of-hybrid-fibers-in-self-compacting-concrete/s-janani
Study Of Characteristics Strength of Concrete with Admixtures by Flexural and...IJERA Editor
Concrete is widely used in structural engineering with its high compressive strength, low cost and abandoned raw material, but common concrete has some deficiency, such as shrinkage and cracking, low tensile strength and flexural strength, high brittleness, that restrict its applications. To overcome these deficiencies’ additional materials are added to improve the performance of the concrete. Super plasticizer is a chemical added to conventional concrete mix that makes the concrete more workable and it can be placed easily. The aim of this project work to study the characteristics strengths of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, diametric strength and tensile strength by disc bending test. For the experimental work normal concrete M 40 has to be prepared and characteristics strength such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength have to be achieved. This strength has to be performed after 7 days and 28 days curing. After that in addition of super plasticizer the study of the strength have to be performed with various % of plasticizer such as 0.60% to 1.2 % by the weight of cement and study of strength of concrete have to be performed at 7 days and 28 days. A relative comparison of the strength of the concrete with addition of admixtures with normal concrete can be study.
Similar to An Experimental Study on Rapid Chloride Penetration Test of Self Compacting Concrete (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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Table 1.Physical properties of self-compacting concrete materials
Sl. No. Particulars of Test Observation
Cement (OPC 53 grade)
1. Consistency 36 %
2. Initial setting time 32 min
3. Fineness modulus 12.33
4. Specific gravity 3.14
Fine Aggregate (River sand)
5. Specific gravity 2.60
6. Fineness modulus 2.85
7. Water absorption 2.5 %
8. Bulk density 1690 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate (Limited to 12 mm)
9. Specific Gravity 2.66
10. Fineness Modulus 3.15
11. Water absorption 1.0 %
12. Bulk density 1487.6 kg/m3
Fly Ash
13. Specific Gravity 2.60
14. Fineness Modulus 2.85
15. Water absorption 2.5 %
Super plasticizers (Glenium B 233)
16. Chemical base modified poly carboxylates
17. Relative density 1.08 kg/l at 30oc
18. Effect on setting not retarding
19. Effect of overdosing bleeding may occur
Viscosity Modifying Agent (VMA)
20.
Water-soluble polymers that increase the viscosity of mixing water and enhance the
ability of cement paste to retain its constituents in suspension. Cement paste serves as
the basis for the workability properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and these
properties could be assessed by self-consolidating cementitious materials (SCCM).
Consumption or dosage of Super Plasticizers:
For concrete of high workability, very low water/cement
ration and for self-compacting concrete 1.0 to 2.0 % by
weight of cement used throughout the project.
MIX DESIGN AND TESTING:
Self-Compacting Concrete mix Design by European
Method (M40)
The mix design of M40 grade of concrete isdonebyusingthe
European method by using the test results of the materials
known.
Table2. Conventional concrete mix design for M 30
grade concrete
Cement
kg/m3
(90%)
Fly Ash
kg/m3
(10%)
Water
FA
kg/m3
CA
kg/m3
447.073 39.55 158.2 955.16 830.06
0.90 0.10 0.35 2.13 1.85
Mix proportions
Cement (90%) = 447.073 kg/m3
Fly Ash (10%) = 39.55 kg/m3
Water = 158.2liters/m3
Fine aggregate = 955.16 kg/m3
Coarse aggregates = 830.06 kg/m3
VMA (0.2%) = 0.98 kg/m3
Trail mix proportions to obtain SCC
The various trail mix proportions of different ratios are
conducted in the laboratory to achieve the Self Compacting
Concrete. By the addition of the super plasticizer of various
ratio achieve the various Self Compacting Concrete mix. In
this stage the segregation of aggregates are found. The
obtained mix proportion satisfies the U-Flow test, V-Funnel
test, Fill ability test and L box test. This proportion is used
for further work by replacing cement with use of fly ash.
After conducting number of trails we found that, the
following SCC mix proportions are satisfying the required
fresh properties and strength properties as per EFNARC
specifications.
Table3. Proportion of Constituents of SCC
S.No. SCC mix Cement Fly ash F.A C.A W/P S.P VMA
1 SCC 1 0.90 0.10 2.00 1.74 1.00 1.00% 1.00%
2 SCC 2 0.90 0.10 2.00 1.74 1.00 1.25% 1.00%
3 SCC 3 0.90 0.10 2.00 1.74 1.00 1.50% 1.00%
4 SCC 4 0.90 0.10 2.00 1.74 1.00 1.75% 1.00%
5 SCC 5 0.90 0.10 2.00 1.74 1.00 2.00% 1.00%
6 SCC 6 0.90 0.10 2.00 1.74 1.00 2.25% 1.00%
7 SCC 7 0.90 0.10 2.00 1.74 1.00 2.50% 1.00%
8 SCC 8 0.90 0.10 2.00 1.74 1.00 2.75% 1.00%
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Test on Fresh concrete:
The following tests are carried out to determine the properties of fresh concrete mix. These typical requirements shown
against each test method are based on current knowledge and practice.
Values outside these ranges may be acceptable if the producer can demonstrate satisfactory performance in the specific
conditions, e.g., large spaces between reinforcement, layer thickness less than 500 mm, short distance of flow from point of
discharge, very few obstructions to pass in the formwork, etc. Special care should always be taken to ensure no segregation of
the mix is likely as, at present, there is not a simple and reliable test that gives information about segregation resistanceofSCC
in all practical situations.
Table4. Acceptance Criteria for SCC
Property
measured
Test method Material Recommended values
Flow ability
/ Filling
ability
Slump flow Concrete
650 – 800 mm
Average flow diameter
T50 Concrete
2 – 5 sec
Time to flow 500 mm
V – funnel Concrete / mortar
6 – 12 sec
Time for emptying of funnel
Passing
ability
U – box Concrete
0 – 30 mm
Difference in heights in two limbs
L – box Concrete
0.8 – 1.0
Ratio of heights at beginning and end of flow
Segregation
resistance
V – funnel at
T5 mins
Concrete 0 – 3 mm
Settlement column test Concrete > 0.95 Segregation ratio
Sieve stability test Concrete 5 – 15% sample passing through 5 mm sieve
Penetration test Concrete Penetration depth < 8 mm
Tests on hardened concrete:
1. Compression test:
The cube specimen is of the size 15 x 15 x 15 cm. If the
largest nominal size of theaggregatedoesnotexceed 20 mm.
Cylindrical test specimens have a length equal to twice the
diameter. They are 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm long.
Smaller test specimens may be used but a ratio of the
diameter of the specimen to maximum size of aggregate, not
less than 3 to 1 is maintained.
Fig1. Compression Test Setup
Compression test develops a rather more complexsystem of
stresses. Due to compression load, the cube undergoes
lateral expansion owing to the Poisson’s ratio effect.
It has been found that the lateral strain in the steel plates is
only 0.4 of the lateral strain in the concrete. The
compression test specimens were tested on a compression
testing machine of capacity 2000 kN. Load is applied
gradually as the rate of 14 N/mm2/min or 320 kN/min.
Table5. Compressive Strength of Cubes
S.No
Trail
Mix
Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
1 SCC 1 27.51 32.67 47.56
2. SCC 2 28.22 33.54 48.14
3. SCC 3 30.45 34.12 48.64
4. SCC 4 27.87 35.31 49.71
5. SCC 5 27.77 35.98 50.94
6. SCC 6 29.02 36.81 48.69
7. SCC 7 30.59 37.12 47.63
8. SCC 8 29.23 39.31 45.69
Fig2. Comparison of cube compressive strength at
7days, 14 days and 28days
2. Split tensile test:
Tensile strengths are based on the indirect splitting test on
cylinders. This is also sometimes referred as, “Brazilian
Test”. This test was developed in Brazil in 1943. Ataboutthe
same time this was also independently developed in Japan.
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Fig3. Split Tensile Test
The test is carried out by placing a cylindrical specimen
horizontally between the loadingspecimenof acompression
testing machine and the load is applied until failure of the
cylinder, along the vertical diameter. The tensile strength is
one of the basic and important properties of the concrete.
The concrete is not usually expected to resist, the direct
tension because of its low tensile and brittle in nature.
However the determination of tensile strength of concreteis
necessary to determine the load at which the concrete
members crack. The cracking is a form a tensile failure.
Table6. Split-Tensile strength at 7 days, 14days,
28days
S.No
Trail
Mix
Split Tensile Strength (N/mm2)
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
1. SCC1 2.80 3.01 3.92
2. SCC2 2.82 3.12 4.14
3. SCC 3 3.10 3.80 4.47
4. SCC 4 2.72 3.95 4.26
5. SCC 5 2.80 3.90 4.05
6. SCC 6 2.78 4.01 4.28
7. SCC 7 3.15 3.87 4.46
8. SCC 8 2.86 3.01 4.38
Fig4. Comparison of split tensile strength at 7days,14
days and 28days
3. Cylinder compressive strength test:
The cylinder are castandtested in thesameposition
the standard size of cylinder is 15 cm diameter and 30 cm
height in actual structures in thefield the casting andloading
is similar to that of the cylinder and not like the cube
therefore the use of cylinder is more popular particularly in
the research laboratories.
Fig.5. Cylinder compressive test
Cylinder compressive strength = Ultimate load / Area of
cylinder
Table7. Cylinder compressive strength at 7 days,
14days, 28 days
S. No.
Trail
Mix
Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
1 SCC 1 25.50 26.05 36.75
2 SCC 2 24.45 29.88 38.45
3 SCC 3 28.95 31.33 39.50
4 SCC 4 25.88 27.66 40.25
5 SCC 5 30.05 28.98 41.20
6 SCC 6 25.45 33.32 45.28
7 SCC 7 27.43 33.43 45.00
8 SCC 8 26.56 28.78 48.75
Fig6. Comparison of cylinder compressive strength at
7 days and 28 days
4. Rapid chloride penetration test
Accelerated chloride permeability tests were conducted on
standard cylindrical specimens(100 mmdia,50mm thick) of
self compacting Concrete. The test conducted after different
periods of curing, as per ASTM C1202-1994. All the results
of total charge passed throughstandard specimensin6 hours
(the RCPT values), taken as a measure of the chloride
permeability.
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Table8. Rating of chloride permeability of concrete
Chloride
Permeability
Charge
passing
Coulombs
Typical concrete
type
High > 4000
High w/c ratio
(> 0.6)
Conventional PC
concrete
Moderate
2000 to
4000
Moderate w/c ratio
(0.4 to 0.5)
Conventional PC
concrete
Low
1000 to
2000
Low w/c ratio (> 0.4)
Conventional PC
concrete
Very Low
100 to
1000
Latex-modified
concrete,
Internally sealed
concrete
Negligible < 100
Polymer impregnated
concrete, Polymer
concrete
The diffusion cell consists of two chambers. NaCl solution
concentration 2.4M and NaOH solution concentration 0.3 M
is prepared. NaCl solution concentration 2.4M is filledinone
chamber and in another chamber 0.3 M NaOH solution is
taken.
Reason of conduct RCPT
Corrosion of reinforcing steel due to chloride ingress is one
of the most common environmental attacks that lead to the
deterioration of concrete structures. Corrosion related
damage to concrete structures is a major. This durability
problem has received widespread attention in recent years
because of its frequent occurrence and the associated high
cost of repairs.
Chlorides penetrate crack-free concrete by a variety of
mechanisms: capillary absorption, hydrostatic pressure,
diffusion, and evaporative transport of these, diffusion is
predominant. Diffusion occurs when the concentration of
chloride on the outside of the concrete member is greater
than on the inside. This results in chloride ions moving
through the concrete to the level of the rebar. When this
occurs in combination with wetting and drying cycles and in
the presence of oxygen, conditions are right for
reinforcement corrosion.
The rate of chloride ion ingress into concrete is primarily
dependent on the internalporestructure.Theporestructure
in turn depends on other factors such as the mix design,
degree of hydration, curingconditions,useof supplementary
cementitious materials, and construction practices.
Fig. 7. Reaction of chlorine during RCPT
The chloride ions were forced to migrate through the
centrally placed vacuum saturated concretespecimen under
an impressed DC voltage of 60 Volts. It can also be observed
that the total charge passed decreases with the increase in
the curing period, measured herein up to 90 days, in
specimens of all the mix compositions.
Fig.8. RCPT test apparatus
Table8. RCPT – test result
TEST DURATION
SCC (in mm) CC (in mm) SCC-Avg.
(in mm)
CC-Avg.
(in mm)1 2 3 1 2 3
28 DAYS 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.36 3.63
Fig.9. Graphical representation of RCPT test results
ADVANTAGES:
1. It is relatively quick- can be used for quality control
2. Has simple and convenient set up and procedures
3. Provides results that are easy to interpret
DISADVANTAGES:
1. May not repreasent the true permeability for concrete
that contains supplementary cementitious material or
chemical admixtures
2. May allow measurements before a steady state is
achieved
3. Can cause physical and chemical changes in the
specimen, result in unrealistic values
4. Has low inherent repeatability and productivity
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CONCLUSION:
The fundamental tests were conducted for all ingredients of
SCC and the results were tabulated. The flow properties
were checked by conducting the priliminary testslikeslump
flow, U box, V funnel, L box tests. The mix SCC5 gives the
optimum results of filling ability, passing ability and
segregation resistance. It also gives the optimum cube
compression strength, split tensile strength, chloride
resistance strength.
From these results, it was observed 1% of super plasticizer
and 0.4% of viscosity modifyingadmixturesgivebetterfresh
and mechanical properties of SCC. The optimum dosage of
super plasticizer wasfound tobe2% and viscositymodifying
agent was found to be 1% by weight of binder. From the
experimental investigation, it was observed thattheSCC mix
satisfied the acceptance criteria of fresh property and
mechanical property. From the test result, SCC has high
resistance power to the permeability of chloride than
conventional concrete.
REFERENCES:
[1] Alonso. M. C, Sanchez. M, Rodriguez. C, Barragan.B
(2008) ‘Durability Of Scc Reinforced With Polymeric
Fibers: Interaction With Enviroment And Behaviour
Against High Temperatures’, pp.227-235.
[2] Amrutha, Gopinatha Nayak, Mattur C. Narasimhan and
S.V.Rajeeva(2011) ‘Chloride-Ion Impermeability Of
Self-Compacting High-Volume FlyAshConcreteMixes’,
Vol: 11 No: 04, pp.29-35.
[3] Brouwers.H.J.H, Radix.H.J (2005), ‘Self-Compacting
Concrete: Theoretical and experimentalstudy’, Cement
and Concrete Research 35, pp.2116 – 2136.
[4] Dubey Sanjay Kumar and Chandak Rajeev (2012),
‘Development of Self Compacting Concrete by use of
Portland Pozzolana Cement, Hydrated Lime and Silica
Fume’, ISCA Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 1(1),
pp.35-39.
[5] Franco Mola, Politecnico di Milano (2004), ‘The
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Conference on Our World In Concrete & Structures,
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[6] Gaywala.N R, Raijiwala.D B,(2011)‘Self Compacting
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[7] George Quercia, Przemek Spiesz, Götz Hüsken and Jos
Brouwers (2012), ‘Effects Of Amorphous Nano-Silica
Additions On Mechanical And Durability Performance
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