This document discusses clustering in wireless sensor networks. It begins with introducing wireless sensor networks and describing their architecture and applications. It then discusses the objective of clustering in wireless sensor networks, which is to minimize energy dissipation and maximize network lifetime. Various clustering algorithms are described, including LEACH and EEUC. EEUC is an energy-efficient unequal clustering algorithm that forms clusters of unequal size to reduce energy consumption of nodes farther from the base station. The document concludes that EEUC helps balance energy consumption among nodes and improves network lifetime.

1. CLUSTRING IN WIRELESS
SENEOR NETWORK
SEMINAR
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
(Computer Science and Engineering)
Submitted by:-
Ritish Aggarwal
1269170
(M.tech CSE)
L.L.R.I.E.T. MOGA

2. CONTENTS
 Wireless Sensor Network
 Clustering
 Objective of Clustering
 Classification of Clustering
 Routing Models
 Clustering Algorithms
 Hot Spot Problem
 Energy Efficient Unequal Clustering
 Comaprisons Of EEUC with Other Algorithms
 Conclusion
 Future Work
 References

3. WHAT IS WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK?
 WSN consists of spatially distributed autonomous
sensors to monitor physical or environmental
conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure
etc.
 Collaborative Network of small Wireless Sensor
devices, sensing a physical phenomenon.
 Formed by hundreds or thousands of nodes that
communicate with each other and pass data along
from one to another.

4. ARCHITECTURE OF A
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

5. SENSORS ARRANGEMENT

6. APPLICATIONS

8. WHAT IS CLUSTERING ??
The process of organizing objects into groups whose
members are similar in some way.

10. OBJECTIVE
 Minimize the energy dissipation of the network.
 Increase the network life time.
 Clusters must be better balanced.
 Better distribution of cluster heads in the network.

11. CLASSIFICATION OF CLUSTERING
 Dominating-set-based clustering
 Low-maintenance clustering
 Mobility-aware clustering
 Energy-efficient clustering
 Load-balancing clustering
 Combined-metrics-based clustering

12. WHAT IS CLUSTERING IN
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
????

13. MAIN COMPONENTS IN
CLUSTERING
 Clusters
 Cluster Heads
 Base Station
 Sensor nodes

14. WHY CLUSTERING??
 Reduce routing table size.
 Conserve communication bandwidth.
 Avoids redundant message exchanges.
 Cluster head can aggregate data.
 Clusters can schedule activities so sensors can sleep.

15. APPLICATIONS OF CLUSTERING
 Marketing
 Biology
 Libraries
 City-planning
 Earthquake studies
 WWW

16. ROUTING PROTOCOLS
 Location–Base Protocol
 Data-Centric Protocol
 Hierarchical Routing Protocol

17. ROUTING MODELS IN CLUSTERING
 Single –Hop  Multi-Hop

18. HOT SPOT PROBLEM
 In single-hop communication:- Every sensor node will
directly transmit the data to the base station, so the nodes
furthest away from the base station are the most critical
nodes.
 In multi-hop communication:-Due to the limited
transmission range, data’s are forced to route over several
hops until they reach the final destination nodes that are
closest to the base station are burdened with heavy relay
traffic and they die first.

19. SOLUTION OF HOT SPOT PROBLEM
EECU:- Energy- Efficient Unequal Clustering Algorithm
In EECS a distance-based cluster formation method is
proposed to produce clusters of unequal size in single
hop networks. A weighted function is introduced to let
clusters farther away from the base station have
smaller sizes, thus some energy could be preserved
for long-distance data transmission to the base station.

20. ENERGY- EFFICIENT UNEQUAL CLUSTERING
(EEUC)
 EEUC partitions the nodes into Clusters of
Unequal size, and Clusters closer to the
Base Station have smaller sizes than those
farther away from the base station.
 Thus Cluster heads closer to the base
station can preserve some energy for the
inter-cluster data forwarding.[4]

21. EEUC MECHANISM

22. ENERGY SAVING SCHEMES
IN CLUSTERING TECHNOLOGY
 Cluster Formation and Rotation
 Cluster Head Election and Rotation
 K-Hops Approach

24. WORKING OF EEUC
EECU Initial Diagram

25. BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM

26. CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS
 LEACH (Low Power Adaptive Clustering
Hierarchy)
 HEED(Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed )
 GAF
 WCA (Weighted Clustering Algorithm)
 K-MEANS (K-Hop Clustering Algorithm)

27. LEACH
 It uses circular random clustering methods and each node in
the network can be a cluster head in rotation, this makes the
energy- carrying of the network balancing to each
node, extending the lifetime of the network.

28. BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM

29. DISADVANTAGE OF LEACH
1.Applicable to only single hop communication
mode.
2.LEACH assumes all the nodes to have same initial
energy, which is not the case always in real-time
problems.
3.It cannot be applied for mobile nodes, failure of
cluster-heads creates a lot of problems

30. COMPARISONS OF EECU WITH
WCAALGORITHM
 WCA:-WCA is a classical algorithm based on
node degree, the number of single-hop
neighbours.
 MAIN DRAWBACK :- The main drawback of
WCA is that it needs to obtain the weight of the
node and require each node to save all the
information of nodes before initializing
network, so excessive amounts of computing and
communications may cause excessive
consumption in clustering directly.

31. K-CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS
 K-clustering algorithm can constitute maximum k-
hop non-overlapping clusters with partial networks
topology information rather than the whole network
topology. At the same time, it can also save energy to
prolong network survival time.
 PROBLEM :-The algorithm is more effective in
restricting data forwarding distance, but it still doesn’t
solve unbalanced clustering (excessive clustering
nodes).

32. CONCLUSION
Result shows that our unequal clustering
mechanism balances the energy consumption
well among all sensor nodes and achieves an
obvious improvement on the network lifetime.

33. REFERENCES
[1] Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati “WIRELESS SENSOR NET- WORKS
Technology, Protocols, and Applications” John Wiley, New York, 2007.
[2] S.Mohanty and S.K.Patra,“A novel Bio-inspired Clustering algorithm for Wireless
Sensor Network (ICIAS 2010).
[3] O. Younis,M Krunz, S. Ramasubramanian “Node clustering in wireless sensor
networks: Recent developments and deployment challenges”, IEEE May 2006.
[4] Chengfa Li, Mao Ye, “An Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering Mechanism for
Wireless Sensor Networks”
[5] Ying Liao, Huan Qi, and Weiqun Li “Load-Balanced Clustering Algorithm With
Distributed Self-Organization for Wireless Sensor Networks ”IEEE May 2013.
[6] W. R. Heinzelman A. P. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan “Energy- efficient
communication protocol for wireless micro sensor networks”
[7] H. C. Lin and Y. H. Chu, “A clustering technique for large multihop mobile wireless
networks, May 2000
[8] Chengfa Li, Mao Ye, Jie Wu “An Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering Mechanism
for Wireless Sensor Networks”