1. Layer 2 switches break up large collision domains into smaller ones by making each switch port its own collision domain, allowing a more efficient Ethernet LAN network than with hubs. 2. Bridges and switches learn MAC addresses and their associated ports by reading the source MAC address of each received frame and recording the port on which the MAC address was received. 3. The Spanning Tree Protocol provides a loop-free redundant network topology by placing certain switch ports in the blocking state and identifying one switch as the root bridge using BPDUs.

1. 1 Presentation On Switching Presented by :- Ashish Kushwah 7th semester Roll No.0928ec081007

3. Collision domain is a network segment with two or more devices sharing the same bandwidth.

4. A hub network is a typical example of this type of technology

5. Each port on a switch is actually its own collision domain, you can make a much better Ethernet LAN network just by replacing your hubs with switches2

7. Recording the port on which the MAC address was received. In this way, the bridge or switch learns which addresses belong to the devices connected to each port.

8. Ethernet Access with Hubs 4

9. Ethernet Access with Switches 5

11. Unknown unicast address

12. Broadcast frame

13. Multicast frame6

15. Switch caches the MAC address of station A to port E0 by learning the source address of data frames.

17. Switch caches the MAC address of station D to port E3 by learning the source address of data frames.

23. When a switch is turned on, the spanning-tree algorithm is used to identify the root bridge. BPDUs are sent out with the Bridge ID (BID).

24. The BID consists of a bridge priority that defaults to 32768 and the switch base MAC address.

25. When a switch first starts up, it assumes it is the root switch and sends BPDUs. These BPDUs contain BID.

26. All bridges see these and decide that the bridge with the smallest BID value will be the root bridge.

29. The default mode is User EXEC mode, which ends in a greater-than character (>).

30. The commands available in User EXEC mode are limited to those that change terminal settings, perform basic tests, and display system information.

31. The enable command is used to change from User EXEC mode to Privileged EXEC mode, which ends in a pound-sign character (#).

33. To manage the switch via Telnet or other management software

34. To configure the switch with different VLANs and other network functions

35. See the default IP configuration = show IP commandConfigure IP Address sw1(config-if)#interface vlan 1 sw1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 sw1(config-if)#no shut sw1(config-if)#exit sw1(config)ip default-gateway 10.0.0.254 18

37. 20 VLANs

39. Flexibility

40. SecurityA VLAN = A Broadcast Domain = Logical Network (Subnet)

41. VLAN Membership Modes 22

43. Maintains VLAN configuration consistency throughout a common administrative domain

45. Modifies VLANs

46. Deletes VLANs

47. Sends/forwards advertisements

48. Synchronizes

49. Saved in NVRAM

50. Creates VLANs

51. Modifies VLANs

52. Deletes VLANs

53. Forwards advertisements

54. Does not synchronize

55. Saved in NVRAM

56. Forwards advertisements

57. Synchronizes