The document discusses amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. It covers 20 types of amino acids categorized based on polarity. There are essential and non-essential amino acids based on nutritional classification. The key elements of amino acids are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Amino acids have an amino group, a carboxylate group, and a unique R group that differs between each amino acid. There are 9 essential amino acids that the body cannot produce or store and must be obtained through diet. The remaining 11 are non-essential but still important for various body functions.

1. BHERULAL PATIDAR GOVT. COLLEGE

2. HISTORY STRUCTURE
20 TYPES OF
AMINO ACID
(BASED ON
POLARITY)
ESSENTIAL & NON-
ESSENTIAL(NUTRIT
IONAL
CLASSIFICATION)
FUNCTION IMPORTAN CE
REFRENCES

3. •Amino acids are organic compound that contain amine and carboxyl
group.
•Amino acids are building block of protein.
•The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen, although other elements are found in the side chains of
certain amino acids.

4. The first few amino acids were discovered in the early 19th century In
1806.
 French chemists Louis-Nicolas isolated a compound in asparagus
that was subsequently named asparagine, the first amino acid to
be discovered.

5. oAll 20 amino acid have same structural
features.
oAll amino acid have an amino group, a
carboxylate group and a hydrogen bonded
to the same carbon atom.
oThey differ from each other in their side
chain called R group.

6. Amino acid is made up of basic amino group and
carboxyl group and an organic R group (or side
chain) that is unique to each amino acid.

7.  Non-polar amino acids
 Polar amino acids with no charge on ‘R’ group
 Polar amino acids with positive ‘R’ group
 Polar amino acids with negative ‘R’ group

9. Also called hydrophobic amino acids and have no charge on the ‘R’ group
Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Methionine, Phenyl alanine,
Tryptophan and Proline; (ALIVMFWP)
Carry no charge on R group but have polar groups like hydroxyl,
sulfhydryl and amide groups in them
Glycine, Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, Glutamine, Asparagine and
Tyrosine; (GSTCENY)

10. Dibasic monocarboxylic acids
Lysine, Arginine and Histidine; (LRH)
Dicarboxylic monoamino acids
Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid; (DE)

11. ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID
NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID

12. There are nine essential amino acids:
1. Histidine
2. Isoleucine
3. Leucine
4. Lysin
5. Methionine
6. Phenylalanine
7. Threonine
8. Tryptophane
9. valine
Since your body can’t produce or store essential
amino acids, it is important to regularly supply
your body with these important building blocks.
Fill your diet with chicken, eggs, fish, beef, tuna,
soybeans, nuts, and take a look at the amino acid
content of your favorite protein-rich foods. To
ensure your body is receiving enough essential
amino acids.

13. There are 11 nonessential amino
acids:
1. Arginine
2. Glutamine
3. Tyrosine
4. Cysteine
5. Glycine
6. Proline
7. Serine
8. Alanine
9. Asparagin
10. Aspartate
11. Ornithine
Nonessential amino acids support
tissue growth and repair, immune
function, red blood cell formation,
and hormone synthesis.

14. COLOURLESS
CRYSTALLINE IN NATURE
TASTELESS(TYROCIN)
SWEET IN TASTE(GLYCIN&ALANINE)
SOLUBLE IN POLAR SOLVENT & INSOLUBLE IN NON-POLAR SOLVENT
MELTING POINT ABOVE 200°C

15. 1. Reactions Due to the Presence of the
Carboxyl Group:
A.Formation of Salts:
B. Decarboxylation:
2. Reaction Due to the Presence of the Amino
Group:
A.N-Alkylation and N-Aryiation:
B.Nitrous Acid:

17. BUILDING BLOCKS
DIFFERENT IMPORTANT MOLECULES
PRECURSORS
METABOLISM FUNCTION

18. TRANSPORT & STORAGE OF
WATER,FAT,CARBOHYDRATES,PROTIEN,
MINERALS AND VITAMINS.

19.  FUNDAMENTAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY, DR.J.L JAIN,DR.SANJAY
JAIN & NITIN JAIN