Alveolar bone forms in conjunction with tooth development to support teeth and give attachment to muscles. It is composed mainly of hydroxyapatite and collagen and contains osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. The alveolar bone undergoes remodeling through the balanced actions of osteoblasts, which form new bone, and osteoclasts, which resorb old bone. This allows the alveolar bone to maintain its shape and position relative to the teeth. Interruptions in the bone like fenestrations and dehiscences can complicate dental procedures or lead to issues like gingival recession.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
this gives a detailed description for the bone density consideration during implant placement.
The presentation is available upon request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
Tissue reaction to dentofacial orthopedic appliances /certified fixed orthodo...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
bone graft /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
this gives a detailed description for the bone density consideration during implant placement.
The presentation is available upon request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
Tissue reaction to dentofacial orthopedic appliances /certified fixed orthodo...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
bone graft /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Harvesting of bone from the iliac cres /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Bone grafts in periodontal therapy
Presenter:
Dr. Rebicca Ranjit
Lecturer
Dept. of Periodontology & Oral Implantology
Historical Review:
In orthopaedics, bone grafts have been used for years.
Beuke and Silver, 1936 used boiled cow bone powder to successfully repair intrabony defects in humans.
Melcher, 1962 used anorganic bone (bovine bone) which were followed for 3 years.
Bone Grafts /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics with Piezoelectric Surgery...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Piezosurgery has been applied in dentistry for many years. This paper reviews specifically the treatment applications that have been used in surgically assisted orthodontic treatment since the last decade. Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) is a surgical technique which results in an increase in alveolar bone width, shorter treatment time, increase post-treatment stability, and decrease amount of apical root resorption. The aim of this case report is to compare the use of micro-motor and piezoelectric surgery unit during decortication in Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics technique.
Key words: Piezoelectric surgery, piezosurgery, Periodontal regeneration , accelerated tooth movement
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Harvesting of bone from the iliac cres /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Bone grafts in periodontal therapy
Presenter:
Dr. Rebicca Ranjit
Lecturer
Dept. of Periodontology & Oral Implantology
Historical Review:
In orthopaedics, bone grafts have been used for years.
Beuke and Silver, 1936 used boiled cow bone powder to successfully repair intrabony defects in humans.
Melcher, 1962 used anorganic bone (bovine bone) which were followed for 3 years.
Bone Grafts /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics with Piezoelectric Surgery...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Piezosurgery has been applied in dentistry for many years. This paper reviews specifically the treatment applications that have been used in surgically assisted orthodontic treatment since the last decade. Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) is a surgical technique which results in an increase in alveolar bone width, shorter treatment time, increase post-treatment stability, and decrease amount of apical root resorption. The aim of this case report is to compare the use of micro-motor and piezoelectric surgery unit during decortication in Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics technique.
Key words: Piezoelectric surgery, piezosurgery, Periodontal regeneration , accelerated tooth movement
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Basic implant surgery (2)/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Wound healing / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanical considerations / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanics implants/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Alveolar bone and its relavance in prosthodontics / dental coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This ppt gives information about alveolar bone . I am a post graduate student from the department of periodontics and implantology , I've tried to make the topic as easy as possible. Hope it is useful for the ug students.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Bone is a highly vascular mineralized connective tissue, consisting of cells and an intercellular matrix in which the great majority of its cells are embedded. Details about Bone, Bone morphology, Bone Cells, Bone Functions.
Similar to Alveolar bone / dental implant courses (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. It is that portion of the maxilla & mandible
that forms & supports the teeth.
It also gives attachment to Muscles and
acts as a reservoir for the ions especially
for Calcium.
It formed during eruption & lasts as the
tooth exfoliates. This develops in
conjunction with development of the teeth.
Cells from the dental follicle & cells which
are independent of tooth development are
responsible for the formation of alveolar
bone.
3. Alveolar process begins at the arbitrary portion
where root apex locates.
Shape of the jaws & morphology of the alveolar
process vary between the individuals and the
size, shape & thickness of the cortical plates.
Interdental septum very in different parts of same
jaws.Margins of the alveolar process runs
parallels to CEJ & maintains distance of about 1-
2mm
{ it depends upon position of the tooth}
5. COMPOSITION
Inorganic – 60%
organic – 25%
Water – 15%
Inorganic components consists of mainly
hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, citrate &
traces of sodium, magnesium & fluorine.
Organic components mainly contains type I
collagen. Proteins like
Osteopontin,Osteonectin, Osteocalcin,Bone
Sailoprotein protein & proteoglycans. It also
has Decorin & Biglycan are the two small
molecule of chondratin Sulphate , bone
morphogenitic proteins.
6. Proteins present in the bone;
I} OSTEONECTIN
One of the major non collagenous protein
It is an acid phosphate containing
glycoprotien
Secreted by osteoblasts
High affinity to calcium ions
It is also present in cementum PDL &
basement membrane
2} OSTEOCALCIN
It is also called as bone gla protein becoz it
contains Y corboxyglutamic acid { gla}
residue.
Small protein, secreted by osteoblasts
7. It gets incorporated in mineral matrix of bone
and plays important role in mineralization.
3} BONE SIALOPROTEIN PROTEIN {BSP II}
Expression of BSP II reflects late stage of
osteoblast maturation
It is phophoglycoprotein containing about 20%
of
sialic acid
4} OSTEOPONTIN
Also termed as BSP I, due to sialic acid
presence.
It is a glycophosphoprotein
Exact function not known but it helps in
attachment & movement of osteblasts &
8. Alveolar Bone consists of
External cortical plates
Alveolar bone proper / cribriform plate / bundle
bone
Interdental septum
Alveolar bone acts as one functional unit so, it
can separated into
Compact bone
Cancellous bone
9. Diagrammatic cross-section through a tooth in the alveolar process of the jaw
bone. internal and external cortical plate of compact bone (C) cancellous or
spongy bone (S) , the alveolar bone proper (AB).
10. SECTION OF THE MANDIBLE SHOWING THE
PARTS OF THE ALVEOLAR BONE
11. CELLS & INTERCELLULAR MATRIX
OSTEOBLASTS produces organic matrix of bone. These
cells gets entrapped in the matrix become OSTOCYTES.
They are present in spaces called “lacunae”. These
cells are interconnected by canaliculi. These
interconnection helps in supply of oxygen, nutrition & to
remove the metabolic waste products.
Cortical plates have Haversian system for internal
blood supply since it can solely depends on vessels
present in the periosteum.
Other cells are – OSTEOCLASTS – responsible for bone
resorption
OSTEOPROGINATOR CELLS – long thin cells .situated
next to the blood vessels. They are stem cells to
generate Osteoblasts.
13. BONE REMODELING
Bone is a rigid but elastic tissue
The shape, position, size & density of the bone
maintains by constant resorption & formation of the
bone
Formation is by osteoblasts. These cells lay down
osteoid material. Hydroxyapatite crystal deposition in
osteoid material makes it mineralized.
Osteoclasts to cause resorption of the bone,
Osteoblasts should present.
Remodeling influenced by local & systemic factors;
Local factors – PGE2, Leukotrines (Il-2,IL-3, IL-6 )&
cytokines ( TNF alpha& beta,TGF beta & PDGF)
Systemic factors – Parathyroid hormones, Vit D3 &
Calcitonin.
14. Remodeling in three area;
1-Adjacent to PDL
2- Periosteum of the facial & lingual plates
3- Endosteal surfaces.
Bone contains 99% of calcium ions of the body. This will be
released into the blood stream when blood calcium
decreases. This will be controlled by the hormone PTH.
Dec blood cal incr PTH production stimulates IL-6
production
Monocytes migrates to bone area Osteoblasts
produces
Leukemic inhibition factor makes monocytes coalesces
Osteoclasts
Resorption of the bone. Cal released into blood normal
blood cal
15. During the process of resorption ,collagen breaks
down & releases osteogenic substrate which are
bound to collagen are in turn stimulates
osteoblasts to deposit bone.this interdependency
of osteoblasts & osteoclasts in remodeling called
as coupling
Bone matrix formation by osteoblasts called as
osteoid.
Bone resorption is a complex process involves
mainly by osteoclasts.
16. Osteoclasts are originates from haemopoitic
cells,they are formed by the fusion of two
mononuclear cells to form multinucleated giant
cells.
They create ruffled border by the hydrolytic
enzymes. These enzymes digest organic portion
of the bone.
Osteoclasts are regulated by the PTH &
Calcitonin hormones since they have receptors
for these hormones.
Another mechanism is by creating acidic
environment dissolute the mineral contents
17. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
1 – Attachments of Osteoclasts
2- Creation of sealed acidic environment. Through
the proton pump which demineralizes the bone
& exposes organic matrix
3 – Degradation of organic matrix by acid
Phosphatase & cathepsin
4 – Sequestering of mineral ions & amino acid
within the osteoclasts.
18. SOCKET WALL
Consists of lamellated bone which has Haversian
system
Referred as - BUNDLE BONE – more sharpey’s
fibers are inserted.
CRIBRIFORM PLATE
LAMINA DURA – radiographically.
This bone has perforations for vascular
communication.
20. CANCELLOUS BONE
Predominant in interdental & inter radicular area
It has irregularly shaped marrow & trabeculae
Trabeculae are lined by endosteal layer.
Marrow spaces are filled with red bone marrow
in embryo & new born. Later it will be replaced
by yellow fatty tissue,but it may persists
commonly in maxillary tuberosity region.
22. PERIOSTEUM & ENDOSTEUM
Tissue covering outer surface of the bone – Periosteum
Tissue lining the internal cavity - Endosteum
Periosteum consists of inner layer of osteoblasts,
osteproginator cells & outer layer consists of rich blood
vessels, nerves,collagen fibers & fibroblasts
Endosteum composed of single layer of osteoblasts
with small amount of connective tissue layer.
23. INTERDENTAL SEPTUM
Consists of cancellous bone bordered by cribriform
plate facial & lingual cortical plates
If the ID spaces narrow –only cribriform plates present
If the root are closely approximated then there may be
window formation
Shape & size of this depends on the crown, convexity,
root position & shape, degree of tooth eruption.
24. OSSEOUS TOPOGRAPHY
Normally bone shows concavity between the prominent
roots with thin bony margin.
It is mostly depends on angulation of the root & occlusal
forces.
Labially placed tooth – bone margin will be apically
placed
Lingualy placed tooth – Bone margin will be thick
26. FENESTRATION & DEHISCENCE.
Isolated “window like” defect which is denuded of bone
& covered by periosteum is referred as fenestration.
If the marginal bone is involved then referred as
dehiscence
More commonly seen in anterior than posterior
Usually it will be bilateral
Exact cause is not known
Prominent root contour, malposition of the teeth are
some predisposing factor
These defects complicates periodontal surgery.
28. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. Through remodeling, the alveolar bone may
become displaced in relation to the remaining alveolar
process, thereby allowing tooth movement to take
place.
2. Interruptions in the continuity of the lamina dura in
the apical region of an alveolus are of diagnostic
significance in the radiographic identification of
29. 3. Proximity of the alveolar bone to sinus
cavities or major nerves (mandibular nerve)
may create problems during tooth extraction or
surgical interventions.
4.Following tooth extraction, the alveolar
process tends to resorb, a development that
may compromise the placement of
endosseous dental implants and affect the
construction of removable prostheses.
30. 5. Placement of dental implants in the alveolar
process, prior to its becoming resorbed, following tooth
extractions, will markedly decrease the rate of ridge
resorption
6.Fenestrations may convert to dehiscences which, in
turn, may lead to gingival recession. Surgical
interventions may promote the conversion of
fenestrations into dehiscences, as well as the creation