Alnico
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Alnico is an iron alloy composed primarily of iron, aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. It can be classified into three types - cast, sintered, and bar alnico - depending on its composition and production process. Alnico alloys were developed in the 1930s and were the strongest type of permanent magnet until rare earth magnets were invented in the 1970s. Alnico magnets are produced through pressing, sintering, or casting, followed by heat treatment and magnetization to imbue the material with strong ferromagnetic properties. These magnets have high magnetic strength even at high temperatures and good corrosion resistance, making them suitable for applications like speakers, motors, and sensors.
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If you have any questions, contact me. I would be happy to help.
PLEASE LIKE IT AND GIVE COMMENT
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The document discusses the extraction of various metals from their ores. It describes how very reactive metals like sodium and aluminum require electrolysis to extract them from molten ores due to their high reactivity. Less reactive metals like iron can be extracted by heating their ores with carbon to reduce the metal oxides. Specific examples discussed include the extraction of aluminum from bauxite using electrolysis, tin from cassiterite by heating with carbon, and iron from iron oxide in a blast furnace. The extraction of lead through electrolysis of molten lead bromide is also summarized.
aluminium extraction
Aluminum is a lightweight metal that is widely used due to its properties and extraction process. It can be extracted from bauxite ore through the Bayer process, which involves dissolving the aluminum-containing minerals in sodium hydroxide to produce alumina, which is then electrolyzed to produce aluminum metal. Aluminum is commonly used in alloys to improve strength and is applied in transportation and construction due to its corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and high strength to weight ratio.
Non Ferrous Metals (BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION)
Non-Ferrous Metals
Non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, lead, zinc and tin, as well as precious metals like gold and silver. Their main advantage over ferrous materials is their malleability. They also have no iron content, giving them a higher resistance to rust and corrosion, and making them ideal for gutters, liquid pipes, roofing and outdoor signs. Lastly they are non-magnetic, which is important for many electronic and wiring applications.
Aluminum
Aluminum is lightweight, soft and low strength. Aluminum is easily cast, forged, machined and welded. It’s not suitable for high-temperature environments. Because aluminum is lightweight, it is a good choice for the manufacturing of aircraft and food cans. Aluminum is also used in castings, pistons, railways, cars, and kitchen utensils.
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0091-9248678078Effect of mechanical mold vibration on sand casting aluminium alloys by premvrat
The document summarizes research conducted on the effect of mechanical mould vibration on the properties of sand cast aluminium alloy A1100. It presents the background, objectives, literature review, experimental setup, procedures, results and discussion. The research found that applying mechanical vibration to sand moulds during casting of A1100 alloy decreased defects, improved microstructure and mechanical properties like tensile strength and ductility. It was concluded that mechanical vibrations can significantly enhance the metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of A1100 alloy compared to casting without vibration. Future work may include studying different alloys and processing conditions and developing computer models.
MS4SSA-MetalAlloys.ppt Metal alloys wheels
This document discusses various metal alloys and their properties and applications. It describes how mixing metals creates alloys with desirable traits like strength, corrosion resistance, and workability. Common alloys mentioned include stainless steel, brass, bronze, pewter, steel, titanium alloys, nickel alloys, and memory metals. Applications highlighted range from medical implants to aerospace to everyday items like cutlery. The document provides information on how alloy composition affects mechanical and chemical properties.
MS4SSAsssssssss-IntroductiontoMetals.ppt
This document summarizes the history and applications of metals. It discusses the early use of metals like copper and bronze in ancient civilizations. The Iron Age introduced iron smelting around 2000 BC. Important developments included cast iron production in 800 AD, steelmaking in 500 AD, and Abraham Darby's coking process in 1709. Modern applications mentioned include uses of metals in cookware, medicine via gold nanoparticles, electronics, alloys for implants, and new catalysts for fuel cells.
ALUMINUM OF PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
ALUMINUM
THE 13TH ELEMENT IN THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
*WHAT IS ALUMINUM?
- Aluminum derives its name from alum. The Latin name for alum is 'alumen' meaning bitter salt. Note on Naming: Sir Humphry Davy proposed the name aluminum for the element, however, the name aluminium was adopted to conform with the "ium" ending of most elements. This spelling is in use in most countries.
Aluminium was also the spelling in the U.S. until 1925, when the American Chemical Society officially decided to use the name aluminum instead.
*WHO DISCOVERED ALUMINUM?
-Hans Christian Oersted
*FACTS ABOUT OERSTED
-Hans Christian Oersted launched a new epoch in science when he discovered that electricity and magnetism are linked.
He showed by experiment that an electric current flowing through a wire could move a nearby magnet.
The discovery of electromagnetism set the stage for the eventual development of our modern technology-based world.
Oersted also discovered the chemical compound piperine and achieved the first isolation of the element aluminum.
ALUMINUM BASIC FACTS:
Symbol: Al Atomic Number: 13 Atomic Weight:26.981539 Element Classification Basic Metal CAS Number: 7429-90-5
Aluminum Periodic Table Location
Group: 13 Period: 3 Block: p
ALUMINUM PHYSICAL DATA
State at room temperature (300 K): Solid Appearance: soft, light, silvery white metal Density: 2.6989 g/cc Density at Melting Point: 2.375 g/cc Specific Gravity: 7.874 (20 °C) Melting Point: 933.47 K, 660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F
Boiling Point: 2792 K, 2519 °C, 4566 °F Critical Point: 8550 K Heat of Fusion: 10.67 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 293.72 kJ/mol Molar Heat Capacity: 25.1 J/mol·K Specific Heat: 24.200 J/g·K (at 20 °C)
*Uses and properties
-Image explanation
Aircraft fuselages and aluminium foil are just two of the many and varied uses of this element.
-Appearance
Aluminium is a silvery-white, lightweight metal. It is soft and malleable.malleable.
sources and extraction of materials
The document discusses the extraction of three important metals - iron, aluminum, and copper. It describes how these metals are commonly found as ores and the multi-step processes required to extract the pure metals. Iron is extracted from its ore, hematite, using a blast furnace. Aluminum is extracted via electrolysis of aluminum oxide in molten cryolite. Copper is extracted through concentration, roasting, smelting and refining processes including bessemerization to produce blister copper from chalcopyrite ore.
Metals
Metals have several unique properties including high melting and boiling points, strength, conductivity of heat and electricity, and malleability. Most metals are extracted from ores through chemical processes to obtain the pure metal. Metals are also combined to form alloys which are harder than pure metals and useful for applications like steel, brass, and various coinage alloys. Metals can be recycled by reprocessing scrap metal which contributes significantly to annual metal production needs.
Zirconium
Zirconium is valued in the nuclear industry for its properties. It is transparent to neutrons, making it ideal for nuclear research and power plant construction. At a 1973 symposium, scientists proposed using zirconium alloys in nuclear steam systems due to their heat resistance and corrosion protection. They also proposed developing tests of zircaloy, a zirconium alloy used in fuel cladding, to improve nuclear power plant efficiency and safety. Zirconium's durability, heat tolerance, and transparency to neutrons make it well-suited for use in nuclear reactors.
Electrolysis in industries
This document discusses the uses of electrolysis in industries, including the purification of metals, electroplating of metals, and extraction of metals. It provides examples of how electrolysis is used to purify copper, electroplate metals like tin onto cans, and extract reactive metals like aluminum from ores. The document also notes some of the potential pollution problems caused by electrolysis in industry, such as releasing heavy metals and altering the pH of water resources.
C5 Aluminium Electrolysis
Aluminium is extracted through an electrolysis process using cryolite to lower the melting point of bauxite ore. Large electrolysis plants run continuously, applying a strong electric current to molten alumina to produce aluminum ions at the cathode. The byproduct is oxygen or carbon dioxide from the carbon anode. Anodizing produces a thicker, stronger protective oxide layer on aluminum's surface, allowing its use in various applications where its light weight and conductivity are valuable.
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Alnico
- 2. Key Concepts What is Alnico Alnico Magnetism Alnico Composition Types of Alnico Development of Alnico Preparation of Alnico Properties of Alnico Uses of Alnico
- 3. Alnico Alnico is the name for an iron alloy that primarily consists of iron, aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co). That is why it is called al-ni- co. It can also be spelled AlNiCo. Sometimes, it may also contain copper and titanium. Alnico alloys are used as permanent magnets, as they are ferromagnetic.
- 4. Alnico Magnetism Alnico alloys were considered to be the strongest kind of magnets before rare earth magnets were developed in the 1970s. Alnico alloys have ferromagnetic properties which makes it strong permanent magnets. They are listed as some of the best permanent magnets for over fifty years now. Alnico alloys can also be magnetized to create strong magnetic fields. These magnets also show excellent stability in a wide range of temperature. Alnico magnets can be effective in temperature up to 1000°F.
- 5. Alnico Composition The general composition of Alnico alloys is Al- 8-12%, Ni- 15-26%, and Co- 5-24%. It may also contain up to 6% copper (Cu), and up to 1% titanium (Ti). Depending on the percentage of the different components, there can be various different types of Alnico alloys.
- 6. Types od Alnico Based on the process of preparation, and the different uses, alnico alloys can be classified into three main types. 1 . Cast Alnico 2 . Sintered Alnico 3 . Bar Alnico
- 7. Development of Alnico The development of Alnico began in Japan in 1931. T. Mishima was the first person to discover an alloy of aluminum, nickel and cobalt that had high ferromagnetism. The first Alnico alloy had ferromagnetism of 400 Oe (oersted- unit for magnetizing field). It was the double of the magnetic field strength of the best magnet steels in existence at the time.
- 8. Preparation of Alnico Generally, Alnico magnets are prepared in the metallurgic pressing- sintering process or casting process. The right heat treatment is very important in the process of the preparation of Alnico for the product to have the desired magnetic properties. If the applied heat is not right, the product will have the coercivity equal to that of iron, which is 10 Oe. The process of preparing the Alnico alloys consists of heating at a critical temperature, and then cooling in the presence of a strong magnetic field. First, all the raw materials are mixed together before the heating process starts. After the iron, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, and all the other components have been added in the right proportions, a liquefier is added. An external magnetic field is applied to it to orient the Alnico’s anisotropy in the desired magnetic axis. It is done during the precipitate particle nucleation (during cooling down from 900 °C to 800 °C).
- 9. Properties of Alnico All Alnico alloys have strong magnetic properties and high ferromagnetism. Alnico alloys are the only magnets to have useful magnetic powers at red hot temperature (500°C – 800°C). Alnico magnets have some of the highest curie points among all the magnetic materials. It ranges around 800°C. Unlike ceramic magnets, Alnico magnets have the property of electric conductivity. Alnico alloys have very good resistance to corrosion. Some Alnico alloys can have isotropic properties while others can have anisotropic properties.
- 10. Uses of Alnico Alnico alloys are used as strong permanent magnets. Alnico alloys can deliver good flux density at very economical prices. Alnico alloys are used to manufacture Microphones, electric guitar pickups, electric motors, loudspeakers, travelling-wave tubes, Hall Effect sensors etc. Alnico speakers are the favorite of many musicians as they are known to produce the best tone, and they also respond quickly. Alnico speakers are the best for jazz, blues, and mellow rock. Alnico speakers are the favorite of many musicians as they are known to produce the best tone, and they also respond quickly. Alnico speakers are the best for jazz, blues, and mellow rock. Because of their high magnetic properties, Alnico alloys have many important uses in industrial functioning. From electric motors to guitar pickups to cow magnets – alnico alloys have diverse usefulness. Alnico magnets are the reliable answer whenever strong permanent magnets are needed.