Allilopathic affect
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Allilopathic effect caused by different plant .To know about them and their advantage & disadvantage are given hare
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allelopathyPpt.pptx
What is Allelopathy?
The word allelopathy derives from two separate words.
They are allelon which means "of each other", and pathos which means "to suffer".
What is Allelopathy?
The word allelopathy derives from two separate words.
They are allelon which means "of each other", and pathos which means "to suffer".
Allelopathy refers to the chemical inhibition of one species by another. The "inhibitory" chemical is released into the environment where it affects the development and growth of neighboring plants.
Allelopathy
Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
Poonam allelopathy –a tool for weed mgt
This document discusses allelopathy, which is the phenomenon where one plant produces chemicals that harm other plants. It provides examples of allelopathy between crops and weeds. Some common allelochemicals produced by plants are phenolic acids, coumarins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. These chemicals are released through leaching, exudation, volatilization, or decomposition. Allelopathy can affect weed suppression and crop yields. The strength of allelopathic effects depends on factors like crop variety, environmental conditions, and soil fertility. Further research on allelopathy could provide natural herbicides and support sustainable agriculture.
Allelochemicals (1)
Allelochemicals are non-nutritive plant secondary metabolites that can have inhibitory or stimulatory effects on other plants and microorganisms. They are released by plants through residues, roots, leaves, and volatilization. Some allelochemical classes include organic acids, phenolics, cinnamic acid derivatives, coumarins, flavonoids, and tannins. Allelochemicals show potential as bioherbicides due to their phytotoxic modes of action and more environmentally friendly chemical structures compared to synthetic herbicides. However, allelopathy can also negatively impact agriculture by reducing nutrient uptake, delaying weed seed decomposition, and increasing crop-weed interference and disease/pest susceptibility.
Plant Growth Regulator
The document is an assignment submitted by Brahmbhatt Jay H on plant growth regulators and their role in vegetable crop production. It discusses various types of plant growth regulators including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, morphactins, anti-transpirants, anti-auxins, ripening retardants, and plant stimulants. It provides details on their functions, examples, and effects on plant growth and development processes.
mukesh Allelopathy.pptx
Moringa oleifera is known to have allelopathic effects. A study investigated its impact on mungbean growth and productivity. Moringa leaf extracts were applied at different concentrations to mungbean plants. Higher concentrations significantly reduced mungbean plant height, number of branches, leaves, pods and seeds. The highest concentration reduced mungbean yield by 48% compared to the control, demonstrating Moringa's allelopathic effects can inhibit mungbean growth and productivity in a dose-dependent manner.
Allelopathy
The document discusses allelopathy, which refers to biochemical interactions between plants, including inhibitory or stimulatory effects. It notes that allelopathy involves one living plant species producing chemicals that influence the growth or development of other plants or microorganisms. The document then lists some key points about allelopathy, including: common allelochemicals produced by plants; sites of allelochemical production; mechanisms of action; constraints to using allelopathy for weed management; and practical applications. It provides several examples of allelopathic effects from various plant species.
Allelopathy
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.
These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and can have beneficial (positive allelopathy) or detrimental (negative allelopathy) effects on the target organisms.
Recommended
allelopathyPpt.pptx
What is Allelopathy?
The word allelopathy derives from two separate words.
They are allelon which means "of each other", and pathos which means "to suffer".
What is Allelopathy?
The word allelopathy derives from two separate words.
They are allelon which means "of each other", and pathos which means "to suffer".
Allelopathy refers to the chemical inhibition of one species by another. The "inhibitory" chemical is released into the environment where it affects the development and growth of neighboring plants.
Allelopathy
Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
Poonam allelopathy –a tool for weed mgt
This document discusses allelopathy, which is the phenomenon where one plant produces chemicals that harm other plants. It provides examples of allelopathy between crops and weeds. Some common allelochemicals produced by plants are phenolic acids, coumarins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. These chemicals are released through leaching, exudation, volatilization, or decomposition. Allelopathy can affect weed suppression and crop yields. The strength of allelopathic effects depends on factors like crop variety, environmental conditions, and soil fertility. Further research on allelopathy could provide natural herbicides and support sustainable agriculture.
Allelochemicals (1)
Allelochemicals are non-nutritive plant secondary metabolites that can have inhibitory or stimulatory effects on other plants and microorganisms. They are released by plants through residues, roots, leaves, and volatilization. Some allelochemical classes include organic acids, phenolics, cinnamic acid derivatives, coumarins, flavonoids, and tannins. Allelochemicals show potential as bioherbicides due to their phytotoxic modes of action and more environmentally friendly chemical structures compared to synthetic herbicides. However, allelopathy can also negatively impact agriculture by reducing nutrient uptake, delaying weed seed decomposition, and increasing crop-weed interference and disease/pest susceptibility.
Plant Growth Regulator
The document is an assignment submitted by Brahmbhatt Jay H on plant growth regulators and their role in vegetable crop production. It discusses various types of plant growth regulators including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, morphactins, anti-transpirants, anti-auxins, ripening retardants, and plant stimulants. It provides details on their functions, examples, and effects on plant growth and development processes.
mukesh Allelopathy.pptx
Moringa oleifera is known to have allelopathic effects. A study investigated its impact on mungbean growth and productivity. Moringa leaf extracts were applied at different concentrations to mungbean plants. Higher concentrations significantly reduced mungbean plant height, number of branches, leaves, pods and seeds. The highest concentration reduced mungbean yield by 48% compared to the control, demonstrating Moringa's allelopathic effects can inhibit mungbean growth and productivity in a dose-dependent manner.
Allelopathy
The document discusses allelopathy, which refers to biochemical interactions between plants, including inhibitory or stimulatory effects. It notes that allelopathy involves one living plant species producing chemicals that influence the growth or development of other plants or microorganisms. The document then lists some key points about allelopathy, including: common allelochemicals produced by plants; sites of allelochemical production; mechanisms of action; constraints to using allelopathy for weed management; and practical applications. It provides several examples of allelopathic effects from various plant species.
Allelopathy
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.
These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and can have beneficial (positive allelopathy) or detrimental (negative allelopathy) effects on the target organisms.
Bioherbicide and allelochemicals.ppt
Bioherbicide and allelochemicals.pptDR.Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,Solan - HP
This document discusses bio-herbicides and allelochemicals. It begins by defining weeds and their benefits and limitations. It then discusses different methods of weed control, focusing on biological methods like bio-herbicides and allelochemicals. Bio-herbicides are defined as biologically based weed control agents derived from microbes. Allelochemicals are secondary metabolites produced by plants that can inhibit other plants. Some examples of specific bio-herbicides and allelochemical sources are provided. The document discusses advantages and limitations of bio-herbicides, factors influencing allelopathy, and mechanisms of allelochemical action. It concludes by stating that while bio-herbicides and allelopathy show potentialevolution of harmone signalling network in plant defence
This document discusses the evolution of plant hormone signaling networks in plant defense. It begins by defining plant hormones and describing the main classes: abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, strigolactones, and signaling peptides. It then examines the role of each hormone in plant growth and development. The document traces the evolutionary origins of the different hormone signaling pathways in various plant lineages. Finally, it analyzes how plant hormones function in defense mechanisms, with sections dedicated to the roles of auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid
Plant Growth Regulators
This docx file contains the description of The Plan Growth Regulators. Their types, role in the growth. Effect on different type of regulators on different pants of the plant and different type of the plants..
Theory of co-evolution.pptx
This document discusses the theory of co-evolution and the role of allelochemicals in host plant mediation. It defines co-evolution as reciprocal evolutionary change between interacting species. Examples of co-evolution discussed include predator-prey relationships, interactions between herbivores and plants, acacia ants and acacia trees, and flowering plants and pollinators. It also describes how plants have evolved physical and chemical defenses against herbivores, including thorns, spines, and compounds like phenolics and terpenoids. Finally, it explains that allelochemicals produced by plants can influence other organisms and protect the host plant by altering plant growth regulators and inhibiting pathogens.
01. Effect of synthetic hormone
This document provides a summary of the beneficial and detrimental effects of synthetic plant hormones. It begins with an overview of the major classes of plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid) and their natural functions. It then discusses how synthetic auxin herbicides like 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used to selectively kill broad-leaved weeds. While they target dicots, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. These synthetic auxins cause abnormal, uncontrolled growth in treated plants, leading to chlorophyll breakdown, root death, and other issues until the plant dies. 2,4,5-T is especially
C332732
This document summarizes the functions of various growth regulators (hormones and other substances) in horticultural crops. It discusses the five major natural plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid) and describes their roles in processes like cell division/elongation, flowering, fruit ripening, dormancy, and response to stress. It also mentions several other identified plant growth regulators including brassinosteroids, morphactins, salicylic acid, jasmonates, and more. The document provides details on the molecular structures, sites of production, and mechanisms of action of the major hormones.
SECONDARY METABOLITE.ppt
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by organisms that are not essential for growth and development. They are derived from primary metabolites and provide functions like protection from predators and pathogens, attracting pollinators, and responding to environmental stresses. Some key points are:
- Secondary metabolites are more limited in distribution than primary metabolites and have no role in growth.
- They serve purposes like protecting plants from attacks and attracting pollinators rather than functions like growth and development.
- Major classes of secondary metabolites include alkaloids, glycosides, phenolics, and terpenoids which have a variety of chemical structures and biological activities.
Elicitors
Plants produce secondary metabolites that are not essential for growth but play important roles in defense. Examples include alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Secondary metabolites have various uses including in medicine, dyes, perfumes, and agriculture. Elicitors are compounds that can stimulate plant secondary metabolism. Elicitation involves exposing plants to elicitors and has been used to enhance production of beneficial secondary metabolites.
Secondary metabolites
This document discusses several types of secondary plant metabolites including phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and others. Phenolics are derived from the shikimate pathway and include classes like phenols, hydroxybenzoates, flavonoids, and lignins. Terpenoids are made from the acetate-mevalonate pathway and include mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes. Alkaloids contain nitrogen and can be toxic or used medicinally as in morphine, quinine, and caffeine. Secondary metabolites provide benefits to plants such as protection from predators and pathogens, attracting pollinators, and some have pharmaceutical applications.
PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES IN PLANTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
Secondary metabolites attract animals for pollination and seed dispersal.
The plants used in their defence against herbivores and pathogens.
They act as agents of plant-plant competition.
They are used in making drugs, insecticides, flavours, pigments, scents, rubber, spices and other industrial materials like gums, resins for human welfare
Plant hormones and responses
Plant hormones are organic substances that regulate physiological processes in plants. The major classes of plant hormones are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroids. Each hormone performs specific functions to influence growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. Plant hormones act in very low concentrations and often interact with each other synergistically or antagonistically.
Amaninder deep singh
The document discusses plant growth regulators and their role in crop improvement. It begins by introducing plant hormones and the five major classes: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. It then examines each hormone in more detail, describing their discovery, functions, effects on growth, and practical applications in agriculture. Specific examples are provided such as how auxins promote cell elongation and apical dominance, gibberellins induce stem elongation and seed germination, and ethylene stimulates fruit ripening and senescence. In conclusion, plant growth regulators are important for plant growth and development and widely used to improve crop yields and quality.
Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Vegetable Crops
The document discusses the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in vegetable crops. It defines PGRs as organic compounds that can modify or control physiological processes in plants. The document covers the history and classification of PGRs such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. It describes their functions in promoting or inhibiting growth. The document also discusses commercial uses of PGRs like IAA, NAA, and GA3 to enhance seed germination, seedling growth, and tuberization in various vegetable crops such as tomato, muskmelon, and okra.
GROWTH SUBSTANCES AND ITS ROLES IN VEGETABLE CROP GROWTH
Auxins are a group of plant hormones that play a key role in plant growth and development. They stimulate stem and root elongation, promote apical dominance, influence tissue differentiation and organ formation, and are involved in phototropism and gravitropism. Auxins move from areas of high concentration to low concentration through active transport processes. An increase in auxin concentration on one side of a plant organ causes asymmetric growth and bending towards lower auxin levels in response to stimuli like light and gravity. Many synthetic auxins are used commercially in horticulture to promote rooting of cuttings, prevent fruit drop, induce parthenocarpy, and for selective weed control.
phytoHormones.pptx
Secondary metabolites are substances produced by plants that are not directly involved in growth or development. They serve ecological functions like attracting insects for pollination or defending against herbivores and pathogens. Many secondary metabolites are toxic, such as proteins that impair digestion. Pathogenic microbes produce substances like enzymes and toxins to infect plants and cause disease. Plants have defenses like phytoalexins - antibiotic compounds synthesized in response to infection within hours. Phytoalexins come from groups like isoprenoids, flavonoids, and stilbenes. Plant defense is induced by elicitors, which are pathogen proteins that attack plants and wall fragments from the pathogen. Elicitors trigger signal cascades in the plant that activate gene
SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION.pdf
Secondary plant metabolites are low molecular weight compounds produced in addition to primary metabolites. They provide protective functions for plants against pests and stress. Secondary metabolites include terpenes, phenolics, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Plants produce these chemicals through specialized metabolic pathways. Common secondary metabolites include alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and terpenes. Plant cell and tissue culture techniques allow for the commercial production of valuable secondary metabolites like morphine, berberine, vinca alkaloids, and saffron compounds that are used in pharmaceuticals and food.
Secondary metabolite production
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of an organism.
Secondary metabolites production
Secondary metabolites are low molecular weight compounds produced by plants in addition to primary metabolites. They include terpenes, phenolics, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Secondary metabolites provide benefits such as protecting against pests and attracting pollinators. They can be produced through plant cell and tissue cultures using bioreactors to provide medicines, flavors, food additives and other commercially important compounds in a more sustainable way than extracting from wild plants. Examples discussed include morphine, berberine, vinca alkaloids, ginseng, saffron, taxol and others.
Transgenic plants- Abiotic stress tolerance
The different types of external stresses that influence the plant growth and development.
These stresses are grouped based on their characters
Biotic
Abiotic
Almost all the stresses, either directly or indirectly, lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that create oxidative stress in plants.
This damages the cellular constituents of plants which are associated with a reduction in plant yield.
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Bioherbicide and allelochemicals.ppt
Bioherbicide and allelochemicals.pptDR.Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,Solan - HP
This document discusses bio-herbicides and allelochemicals. It begins by defining weeds and their benefits and limitations. It then discusses different methods of weed control, focusing on biological methods like bio-herbicides and allelochemicals. Bio-herbicides are defined as biologically based weed control agents derived from microbes. Allelochemicals are secondary metabolites produced by plants that can inhibit other plants. Some examples of specific bio-herbicides and allelochemical sources are provided. The document discusses advantages and limitations of bio-herbicides, factors influencing allelopathy, and mechanisms of allelochemical action. It concludes by stating that while bio-herbicides and allelopathy show potentialevolution of harmone signalling network in plant defence
This document discusses the evolution of plant hormone signaling networks in plant defense. It begins by defining plant hormones and describing the main classes: abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, strigolactones, and signaling peptides. It then examines the role of each hormone in plant growth and development. The document traces the evolutionary origins of the different hormone signaling pathways in various plant lineages. Finally, it analyzes how plant hormones function in defense mechanisms, with sections dedicated to the roles of auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid
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This document discusses the theory of co-evolution and the role of allelochemicals in host plant mediation. It defines co-evolution as reciprocal evolutionary change between interacting species. Examples of co-evolution discussed include predator-prey relationships, interactions between herbivores and plants, acacia ants and acacia trees, and flowering plants and pollinators. It also describes how plants have evolved physical and chemical defenses against herbivores, including thorns, spines, and compounds like phenolics and terpenoids. Finally, it explains that allelochemicals produced by plants can influence other organisms and protect the host plant by altering plant growth regulators and inhibiting pathogens.
01. Effect of synthetic hormone
This document provides a summary of the beneficial and detrimental effects of synthetic plant hormones. It begins with an overview of the major classes of plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid) and their natural functions. It then discusses how synthetic auxin herbicides like 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used to selectively kill broad-leaved weeds. While they target dicots, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. These synthetic auxins cause abnormal, uncontrolled growth in treated plants, leading to chlorophyll breakdown, root death, and other issues until the plant dies. 2,4,5-T is especially
C332732
This document summarizes the functions of various growth regulators (hormones and other substances) in horticultural crops. It discusses the five major natural plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid) and describes their roles in processes like cell division/elongation, flowering, fruit ripening, dormancy, and response to stress. It also mentions several other identified plant growth regulators including brassinosteroids, morphactins, salicylic acid, jasmonates, and more. The document provides details on the molecular structures, sites of production, and mechanisms of action of the major hormones.
SECONDARY METABOLITE.ppt
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by organisms that are not essential for growth and development. They are derived from primary metabolites and provide functions like protection from predators and pathogens, attracting pollinators, and responding to environmental stresses. Some key points are:
- Secondary metabolites are more limited in distribution than primary metabolites and have no role in growth.
- They serve purposes like protecting plants from attacks and attracting pollinators rather than functions like growth and development.
- Major classes of secondary metabolites include alkaloids, glycosides, phenolics, and terpenoids which have a variety of chemical structures and biological activities.
Elicitors
Plants produce secondary metabolites that are not essential for growth but play important roles in defense. Examples include alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Secondary metabolites have various uses including in medicine, dyes, perfumes, and agriculture. Elicitors are compounds that can stimulate plant secondary metabolism. Elicitation involves exposing plants to elicitors and has been used to enhance production of beneficial secondary metabolites.
Secondary metabolites
This document discusses several types of secondary plant metabolites including phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and others. Phenolics are derived from the shikimate pathway and include classes like phenols, hydroxybenzoates, flavonoids, and lignins. Terpenoids are made from the acetate-mevalonate pathway and include mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes. Alkaloids contain nitrogen and can be toxic or used medicinally as in morphine, quinine, and caffeine. Secondary metabolites provide benefits to plants such as protection from predators and pathogens, attracting pollinators, and some have pharmaceutical applications.
PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES IN PLANTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
Secondary metabolites attract animals for pollination and seed dispersal.
The plants used in their defence against herbivores and pathogens.
They act as agents of plant-plant competition.
They are used in making drugs, insecticides, flavours, pigments, scents, rubber, spices and other industrial materials like gums, resins for human welfare
Plant hormones and responses
Plant hormones are organic substances that regulate physiological processes in plants. The major classes of plant hormones are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroids. Each hormone performs specific functions to influence growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. Plant hormones act in very low concentrations and often interact with each other synergistically or antagonistically.
Amaninder deep singh
The document discusses plant growth regulators and their role in crop improvement. It begins by introducing plant hormones and the five major classes: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. It then examines each hormone in more detail, describing their discovery, functions, effects on growth, and practical applications in agriculture. Specific examples are provided such as how auxins promote cell elongation and apical dominance, gibberellins induce stem elongation and seed germination, and ethylene stimulates fruit ripening and senescence. In conclusion, plant growth regulators are important for plant growth and development and widely used to improve crop yields and quality.
Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Vegetable Crops
The document discusses the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in vegetable crops. It defines PGRs as organic compounds that can modify or control physiological processes in plants. The document covers the history and classification of PGRs such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. It describes their functions in promoting or inhibiting growth. The document also discusses commercial uses of PGRs like IAA, NAA, and GA3 to enhance seed germination, seedling growth, and tuberization in various vegetable crops such as tomato, muskmelon, and okra.
GROWTH SUBSTANCES AND ITS ROLES IN VEGETABLE CROP GROWTH
Auxins are a group of plant hormones that play a key role in plant growth and development. They stimulate stem and root elongation, promote apical dominance, influence tissue differentiation and organ formation, and are involved in phototropism and gravitropism. Auxins move from areas of high concentration to low concentration through active transport processes. An increase in auxin concentration on one side of a plant organ causes asymmetric growth and bending towards lower auxin levels in response to stimuli like light and gravity. Many synthetic auxins are used commercially in horticulture to promote rooting of cuttings, prevent fruit drop, induce parthenocarpy, and for selective weed control.
phytoHormones.pptx
Secondary metabolites are substances produced by plants that are not directly involved in growth or development. They serve ecological functions like attracting insects for pollination or defending against herbivores and pathogens. Many secondary metabolites are toxic, such as proteins that impair digestion. Pathogenic microbes produce substances like enzymes and toxins to infect plants and cause disease. Plants have defenses like phytoalexins - antibiotic compounds synthesized in response to infection within hours. Phytoalexins come from groups like isoprenoids, flavonoids, and stilbenes. Plant defense is induced by elicitors, which are pathogen proteins that attack plants and wall fragments from the pathogen. Elicitors trigger signal cascades in the plant that activate gene
SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION.pdf
Secondary plant metabolites are low molecular weight compounds produced in addition to primary metabolites. They provide protective functions for plants against pests and stress. Secondary metabolites include terpenes, phenolics, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Plants produce these chemicals through specialized metabolic pathways. Common secondary metabolites include alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and terpenes. Plant cell and tissue culture techniques allow for the commercial production of valuable secondary metabolites like morphine, berberine, vinca alkaloids, and saffron compounds that are used in pharmaceuticals and food.
Secondary metabolite production
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of an organism.
Secondary metabolites production
Secondary metabolites are low molecular weight compounds produced by plants in addition to primary metabolites. They include terpenes, phenolics, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Secondary metabolites provide benefits such as protecting against pests and attracting pollinators. They can be produced through plant cell and tissue cultures using bioreactors to provide medicines, flavors, food additives and other commercially important compounds in a more sustainable way than extracting from wild plants. Examples discussed include morphine, berberine, vinca alkaloids, ginseng, saffron, taxol and others.
Transgenic plants- Abiotic stress tolerance
The different types of external stresses that influence the plant growth and development.
These stresses are grouped based on their characters
Biotic
Abiotic
Almost all the stresses, either directly or indirectly, lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that create oxidative stress in plants.
This damages the cellular constituents of plants which are associated with a reduction in plant yield.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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Allilopathic affect
- 1. WELCOME
- 2. ALLELOPATHY OF PLANT TOPIC :- Prepared by -: Sumantra Chakraborty . 4th sem Midnapore college (Autonomous)
- 3. WHAT IS ALLELOPATHY ? Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. ...
- 5. Allelopathic potential as the potential of a plant to impair neighbors' growth due to the release of allelochemicals, which can be assessed with a bioassay using plant leachates or plant extract WHAT IS ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL ?
- 6. • secondary metabolites produced by plants (donors) when released into the environment, play a key role in ecology, physiology and growth of other plants (recipients) in their vicinity ., • Allelopathic chemicals can be present in any part of the plant. They can be found in leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, or stems. They can also be found in the surrounding soil. CAUSE OF ALLELOPATHY:
- 7. • Phenolic acid –p-hydroxybenzoic • Acid • Coumarin-Herniarin • Terpinoids-sesquiterpenes • Flavinoids-Naringenin ALLELOPATHIC CHEMICAL
- 8. True Allelopathy:- The true ALLELOPATHY is the release of substance that are toxic in form in which they are produced in the plant. Function Allelopathy:- Function Allelopathy is the release of the substance that are toxic or abresuot of transformation by micro-organism Types of Allelopathy
- 13. Allelopathic plants create an unfavorable condition for the neighboring plants by reducing the seed growth and germination of seeds as they release allelochemicals which is not suitable for the growing of other plant. Parthenium is well known allelopathic plant. It secrets sesquiterpene lactone parthenin chemical that inhibits the grow of other plant surrounding it. PARTHENIUM AS A ALLELOPATHIC PLANT
- 16. CONCLUSION So, Allelopathy is a phenomenon that not only have harmful effect but also beneficial effect in crops production.Several kinds of Allelopathic chemicals reduce the competition between two plant and remove one of them.Cultivation of these plant may reduce the growth of other herb and shrub in crop field.
- 17. • ALLELOCHEMICALS : ROLE IN PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS • Allelopathy in agroecosystems by R K Kohli, HP singh • WWW.WIKIPEDIA .COM REFERENCE