Earthquake-resistant structures are structures designed to protect buildings to some or greater extent from earthquakes. While no structure can be entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal of earthquake-resistant construction is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts. According to building codes, earthquake-resistant structures are intended to withstand the largest earthquake of a certain probability that is likely to occur at their location.This means the loss of life should be minimized by preventing collapse of the buildings for rare earthquakes while the loss of the functionality should be limited for more frequent ones.

1. EARTHQUAKE PROOF
STRUCTURES
PRESENTED BY :- PRINCE MANJI
TANISH DAS
SAPTARSHI BHATTACHARYA
PRASUN MANI
MD. IRSHD SIDDIQUE
SOUDEEP CHAKRABORTY

2. CONTENTS
• What is Earthquake?
• How Earthquake occur?
• Causes and effects of Earthquake
• Seismic Waves
• Seismic performance and design
• Improving Earthquake resistant in minor building
• Shear Walls
• Earthquake resisting structure techniques
• Conclusions

3.  They are natural disasters of a generally
unpredictable nature
 It is a sudden, rapid shaking of earth due to
movement of earth’s crust i.e. breaking and shifting
of rocks beneath the earth surface.

4. How earthquake occurs?
• Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground
suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy
causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When
two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each
other, they stick a little. ... When the rocks break, the
earthquake occurs.

5. Causes of Earthquake
• Earthquakes are related top compression or
tensional stresses
• Volcanic eruptions, rock fall, landslides,
tectonic faults, and explosions can also cause
earthquake.

6. Fault
• Earthquakes occur on faults. A fault is a thin zone of
crushed rock separating blocks of the earth's crust.
When an earthquake occurs on one of these faults,
the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to
the other.

7. SEISMIC WAVES
They are two types :
Body waves:
P waves :- Which travels through solids and fluids
S waves :- Which travels through solids
Surface waves: These are the slowest and damaging

8. Seismic Performance and Design
 Seismic performance is an execution of a
building structure's ability to sustain its due
functions, such as safety and serviceability, at
and after a particular earthquake.

9. Improving Earthquake Resistance
of minor building
• The building must have a simple plan
• The foundation should generally be made on hard and
uniform ground
• The frame of the building should have adequate ductility in
addition to required strength

10. Shear wall
• These are vertically oriented wide beams
• It carries seismic loads down to the bottom of foundation
• Provides large strength and stiffness to buildings
• Thickness generally varies from 250mm to 400mm in high rise
buildings
• It is effective when located along the exterior perimeter of
building

11. Advantages of Shear Walls
 It helps in minimizing the effect on non
structural elements like windows, glass etc
 Shear walls are easy to construct, because
reinforcement detailing of walls is relatively
straightforward and therefore easily
implemented at site.
 It is also very cost effective .

12. Earthquake resisting
structures techniques
• Base Isolation Method
• Seismic Dampers
• Keeping Building Up thrust

13. Base Isolation Method
• It introduces flexibility to the structures
• Building is rested on base isolators
• When earthquake strikes the building does not moves
• These are suitable for hard soil only

14. Seismic Dampers
• These are used in place os structural elements such as
diagonal braces
• Acts as shock absorbers
• When seismic energy is transmitted through them , dampers
absorbs part of it, and thus damp the motion of the building

15. Keeping the building up-right
Frames are provided in the building which are free to rock up
and down within fittings at the base of the building.
Energy is dissipated in buildings cores and exteriors when the
earthquake strikes.

16. THANK YOU