Aircraft rotor systems with integrated gas turbines. helicopter, rotor, rudder, wing, plane of rotation, wind turbine systems operating principle & aerodynamic performance coefficients are described with emphasis on the key property & its impact on the operation.

1. AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES - AIRCRAFT (Aero plane & Helicopter) & WIND TURBINE SYSTEMS
Helicopter Rotor Blade
Rotor Hub (Swash plate)
Connects the rotor with turbine shaft
AIRCRAFT System
(Aero plane & Helicopter)
Aero plane
Wing
Part/ Component(s)
/Sub System)
Key Property & description
Flap, Slat, Aileron, Spoiler,
Winglet, Rudder. Stabilizer
(Located on leading, trailing edge (LE, TE),
tip surfaces of wing, & rear of aero plane)
Gas turbine (Aviation)
Turbo Fan module
Engine & casing module
• Fuel Inlet & Compressor
• Combustion chamber
• Turbine
• Exhaust system
• (Mounted on a common or differential
stepped shaft)
Main
Tail
8/6/2014
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𝑪 𝒅
𝑪𝒍
𝑪 𝒎
𝑪 𝑻
Gas turbine (Power
plant)
Plant module
• Fuel inlet
• Compressor
• Combustion chamber
• Turbine
• Generator (Electric power)
𝑪 𝒕
Torque
coefficient
Lift
coefficient
Drag
coefficient
Moment
coefficient
Engine (Gas turbine)
(produces thrust to move forward)
Integrated Power Producing
Systems
• Adjustable element for controlling flow over the
surface of wing, improving lift & drag coefficients.
• Produces aircraft pitch & rolling moment & acts
as soft brake when landing.
Thrust
coefficient
Flap
Slat
Aileron
Spoiler
Winglet
Rudder
Stabilizer
• Controllable devices to improve
the flow stability on the wing.
• Produces yaw (rudder) & rolling
moments of aircraft during motion
Propels the helicopter in
forward /sideward
directions
Uses the fuel to
propels the
helicopter rotor
Bypasses the oncoming airflow &
produces the thrust partially for moving
the air craft in forward direction
Produces the significant (main)
thrust utilizing oncoming airflow &
fuel to propel the aircraft in forward
direction
𝐶 𝑇
Thrust
coefficient
Torque
coefficient
𝑪 𝒕
Produces the useful power by
making use of fuel , compression,
combustion & expansion processes,
Drives the turbine shaft
attached to the generator shaft
(via a coupling or gearbox) &
result turbine rotation
Result of compression & combustion processes
Propels the helicopter in upward
/sideward directions

2. Wind Turbine System
Rotor
Blade (wing) – Integrated
airfoil span structure
Hub (Connectors) – Spherical &
cylindrical type structure capable of
holding blades (via bearing)
Nose cone (Spinner) –
attached to hub
Tower Cylindrical shell structure
Part/ Component(s)
/Sub System)
Key Property & description
Winglet – orthogonally aligned
to blade span(length)
Stall strips – flexible segments of
metal attached along the blade
span.
Tip blade – Short flexible
structure connected via a shaft or
rod/spring element at the blade
tip.
𝑪𝒍
𝑪 𝒅
𝑪 𝒎
𝑪 𝒅
Drag
coefficient
Lift1 force
coefficient
Moment
coefficient
Drag force
coefficient
Power producing &
dominant force component
in pitch regulated machines
(horizontal axis)
Power producing &
dominant force component
in vertical axis machines
𝑪 𝒑
𝑪 𝑻
Increases lift
component
Improves the
boundary air flow
characteristics on
the blade &
regulates the power
production.
Acts as soft brake to
regulate power
production in normal
& emergency
operating conditions
Turbine performance
coefficients
Turbine power
coefficient
Turbine thrust,
torque
coefficients
Resultant of aero
coefficients &
evaluated in
iteration solver
Nacelle
𝑪 𝒅
Drag
coefficient
Rectangular or Oval plate
structure
Facing the wind - pressure force
(front side of nacelle)
Away from wind - suction force
(along side & back of nacelle)
Facing the wind & experiences
suction & pressure forces
Torque on the blade
(pitch component )
8/6/2014 2
1. Responsible for the turbine rotor & machinery component rotation
Aerodynamic Performance
Improvement & Safety
Elements
Aerodynamic performance
coefficients of turbine rotor
Vortex Generators
(triangular metal strips attached along the
blade chord for air flow control on blade)