The document provides an overview of aircraft maintenance training. It covers topics like aircraft ground handling procedures, aircraft systems including hydraulic, pneumatic, flight control and landing gear systems, aircraft engines, and environmental control systems. The course outline includes sections on aircraft ground handling, aircraft systems, corrosion inspection methods, and aircraft maintenance planning. Key components and functions of different aircraft systems are described in further detail.
MGMT 203 Propulsion and Aircraft Performance Management Perspe.docxARIV4
MGMT 203
Propulsion and Aircraft Performance Management Perspective
Module 3
1
Managers’ Perspective
Understand the basics of
Aircraft Performance
Propulsion
Reciprocating engine
Turbine engine
Weight and Balance
Management Considerations
In this course, we will make reference to Title # CFR Part # as # CFR Part #
Example: 14 CFR Part #
2
Aircraft Performance
Check the following
Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM)
Developed by manufacturer and approved by FAA.
14 CFR Part 121.141 must be current
14 CFR Part 91.9
Pilot’s Operating Handbook
Performance Charts
Takeoff
Climb
Cruise
Landing
Specific Type Certification Data Sheet (TCDS).
3
Aircraft Performance
Consider certification requirements
Matching the aircraft’s aerodynamic characteristics with the appropriate powerplant(s) provides the necessary performance requirements.
Testing of the different configurations
Aircraft structure design
Two, three, or four engines
Reciprocating engine with propeller
Turbofan engine
Turboprop (turbine engine and propeller)
4
Aircraft Performance Factors
Speed
Range
Runway performance (takeoff and landing distance)
Rate of climb
Ceiling (certified and emergencies)
Payload (passenger and/or cargo)
Dimensions
Weight (empty, maximum, and useful load)
Maneuverability
Stability
5
Aircraft Performance Factors
Life cycle costs
Development
Acquisition
Ownership
Operations and Maintenance
Highest cost
Consider the age of some of the aircraft still flying
Disposal
Economy of operations
Maintenance costs
6
Propulsion
Let’s explore the very basics of the types of engines and their systems
7
Reciprocating Engines
Internal combustion engine
Converts chemical energy to heat energy to mechanical energy to drive propeller.
Reciprocating action of pistons inside cylinders
3 ways to classify reciprocating engines
Cylinder arrangement
Cooling system type
Lubricating system type
8
Reciprocating Engines
Cylinder arrangement
Inline
Even number of cylinders or all cylinders in a row.
V Type
Cylinders arranged in 2 rows or banks forming the letter "V" with an angle.
Even number of cylinders.
9
Reciprocating Engines
Cylinder arrangement
Opposed or O Type Engines
2 banks of cylinders directly opposite each other.
Vertical or horizontally mounted.
Most widely used in general aviation (GA).
Radial Engines
Consists of a row, or rows of cylinders arranged radially about a central crankcase.
Odd number of cylinders 5, 7, or 9 per row.
May have dual rows (9 cylinders in front and 9 in the back).
Greatest drag of all cylinder arrangements.
10
Reciprocating Engines
11
FAA. (2008). FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.
p. 6-2
Reciprocating Engines
12
FAA (2012). FAA-H-8083-32 Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – Powerplant.
p. 1-5
Reciprocating Engines
Cooling system type
Air cooled (fins around the cylinder)
Very common
Liquid cooled (radiator)
Lubricating system ty ...
Diamond Twinstar DA-42 Overview. This slideshow is used in conjunction with Fly Corps Aviation's Multiengine Program, including Commercial Multiengine, Multiengine Instructor, and ATP Training course at KSAV in Savannah Georgia. Visit www.flycorps.com to learn more!
Diamond Twinstar DA-42NG Overview. This slideshow is used in conjunction with Fly Corps Aviation's Multiengine Program, including Commercial Multiengine, Multiengine Instructor, and ATP Training course at KSAV in Savannah Georgia. Visit www.flycorps.com to learn more!
Specification of Air start unit for Aircraftairmak1
Mak Controls making quality Air Start Unit for over 45+ years of industrial experience, We are expert in manufacturing air start unit for aircraft usages. Air start unit are used for starting aircraft engines equipped with air starter. It supplies necessary quantity of air at specified pressure through one/two or three hoses attached to the aircraft's under belly. https://www.makcontrols.com/index.php/makcon_products/air-starter-unit-asu/
The document discusses different types of aircraft engines including jet engines, turboprop engines, and reciprocating engines. It provides details on the main components of a jet engine such as the intake, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, and nozzle. It also discusses other aircraft systems and recommended textbooks on aircraft propulsion topics.
The document provides an introduction to the Airbus A300-600/A310-200 aircraft. It describes the key features and systems of the aircraft, including four cargo compartments, two crew doors, pressurization and air conditioning systems, and a tricycle landing gear. It also discusses the General Electric and Pratt & Whitney engines that power variants of the A300 and A310 aircraft models.
MGMT 203 Propulsion and Aircraft Performance Management Perspe.docxARIV4
MGMT 203
Propulsion and Aircraft Performance Management Perspective
Module 3
1
Managers’ Perspective
Understand the basics of
Aircraft Performance
Propulsion
Reciprocating engine
Turbine engine
Weight and Balance
Management Considerations
In this course, we will make reference to Title # CFR Part # as # CFR Part #
Example: 14 CFR Part #
2
Aircraft Performance
Check the following
Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM)
Developed by manufacturer and approved by FAA.
14 CFR Part 121.141 must be current
14 CFR Part 91.9
Pilot’s Operating Handbook
Performance Charts
Takeoff
Climb
Cruise
Landing
Specific Type Certification Data Sheet (TCDS).
3
Aircraft Performance
Consider certification requirements
Matching the aircraft’s aerodynamic characteristics with the appropriate powerplant(s) provides the necessary performance requirements.
Testing of the different configurations
Aircraft structure design
Two, three, or four engines
Reciprocating engine with propeller
Turbofan engine
Turboprop (turbine engine and propeller)
4
Aircraft Performance Factors
Speed
Range
Runway performance (takeoff and landing distance)
Rate of climb
Ceiling (certified and emergencies)
Payload (passenger and/or cargo)
Dimensions
Weight (empty, maximum, and useful load)
Maneuverability
Stability
5
Aircraft Performance Factors
Life cycle costs
Development
Acquisition
Ownership
Operations and Maintenance
Highest cost
Consider the age of some of the aircraft still flying
Disposal
Economy of operations
Maintenance costs
6
Propulsion
Let’s explore the very basics of the types of engines and their systems
7
Reciprocating Engines
Internal combustion engine
Converts chemical energy to heat energy to mechanical energy to drive propeller.
Reciprocating action of pistons inside cylinders
3 ways to classify reciprocating engines
Cylinder arrangement
Cooling system type
Lubricating system type
8
Reciprocating Engines
Cylinder arrangement
Inline
Even number of cylinders or all cylinders in a row.
V Type
Cylinders arranged in 2 rows or banks forming the letter "V" with an angle.
Even number of cylinders.
9
Reciprocating Engines
Cylinder arrangement
Opposed or O Type Engines
2 banks of cylinders directly opposite each other.
Vertical or horizontally mounted.
Most widely used in general aviation (GA).
Radial Engines
Consists of a row, or rows of cylinders arranged radially about a central crankcase.
Odd number of cylinders 5, 7, or 9 per row.
May have dual rows (9 cylinders in front and 9 in the back).
Greatest drag of all cylinder arrangements.
10
Reciprocating Engines
11
FAA. (2008). FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.
p. 6-2
Reciprocating Engines
12
FAA (2012). FAA-H-8083-32 Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – Powerplant.
p. 1-5
Reciprocating Engines
Cooling system type
Air cooled (fins around the cylinder)
Very common
Liquid cooled (radiator)
Lubricating system ty ...
Diamond Twinstar DA-42 Overview. This slideshow is used in conjunction with Fly Corps Aviation's Multiengine Program, including Commercial Multiengine, Multiengine Instructor, and ATP Training course at KSAV in Savannah Georgia. Visit www.flycorps.com to learn more!
Diamond Twinstar DA-42NG Overview. This slideshow is used in conjunction with Fly Corps Aviation's Multiengine Program, including Commercial Multiengine, Multiengine Instructor, and ATP Training course at KSAV in Savannah Georgia. Visit www.flycorps.com to learn more!
Specification of Air start unit for Aircraftairmak1
Mak Controls making quality Air Start Unit for over 45+ years of industrial experience, We are expert in manufacturing air start unit for aircraft usages. Air start unit are used for starting aircraft engines equipped with air starter. It supplies necessary quantity of air at specified pressure through one/two or three hoses attached to the aircraft's under belly. https://www.makcontrols.com/index.php/makcon_products/air-starter-unit-asu/
The document discusses different types of aircraft engines including jet engines, turboprop engines, and reciprocating engines. It provides details on the main components of a jet engine such as the intake, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, and nozzle. It also discusses other aircraft systems and recommended textbooks on aircraft propulsion topics.
The document provides an introduction to the Airbus A300-600/A310-200 aircraft. It describes the key features and systems of the aircraft, including four cargo compartments, two crew doors, pressurization and air conditioning systems, and a tricycle landing gear. It also discusses the General Electric and Pratt & Whitney engines that power variants of the A300 and A310 aircraft models.
Parker Aerospace supports Rolls-Royce and the Airbus A350 XWB aircraft with various fuel, hydraulic, fluid conveyance, and engine systems components. These include main oil pumps, high-temperature hoses, pneumatic suites, turbine case cooling valves, nacelle anti-ice shut-off valves, air-cooled air cooler systems, compressor handling bleed valves, and more for the Rolls-Royce Trent XWB engine. Parker Aerospace also provides slat system servo motors, auto-bleed valve-driven reservoirs, accumulators, filtration systems, and hydraulic system control logic for the aircraft's secondary flight control component. The company further supplies motor-operated valves, float &
The pneumatic system provides compressed air for aircraft functions like air conditioning, engine starting, and anti-ice systems. It obtains air from the engine bleed ports and controls the air pressure, temperature, and cleanliness. Leak detection loops monitor the hot air ducts and can isolate leaks by closing valves. The pneumatic system is controlled and monitored via panels and ECAM displays.
This document provides an overview of elements of aeronautics including aircraft components, types of wings, sweep wings, and aircraft historical records. It then discusses gas turbine engines including their basic components and operations. Specific engine types are described like turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, and turboshaft. Methods of thrust augmentation and factors affecting thrust are also summarized. The document concludes with advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine engines.
The document provides information about air compressor ZR Atlas Copco, including its main parts, technical specifications, systems, maintenance strategy, and a maintenance case study. It introduces the compressor, describing its filter, elements, motor, and controls. Diagrams show the cooling, oil, and air systems. The maintenance strategy outlines inspection levels based on running hours, including tasks like checking for leaks and replacing filters. The case study describes experiences maintaining a similar compressor, such as replacing worn elements, filters, and other parts.
The document discusses pneumatic supply systems for piston engines and gas turbine engines. For piston engines, low-pressure air is compressed by a vane-type pump and stored in an accumulator to provide a continuous supply for pneumatic systems like wing deicing boots. For gas turbine engines, bleed air is extracted from one or more compressor stages to supply pneumatic systems, commonly from a low pressure port at an intermediate stage and a high pressure port at a later stage.
This document provides an overview of fire department resources and facilities. It describes common fire department facilities like headquarters, repair facilities, training centers, warehouses, and communications centers. It also discusses fire apparatus vehicles like pumpers, aerial ladder trucks, rescue vehicles, and aircraft. Finally, it outlines the tools and equipment carried on fire trucks, including hoses, nozzles, ladders, fittings, self-contained breathing apparatus, and hand tools.
This document discusses low cost automation using pneumatic systems. It begins with an overview of automation and pneumatics, explaining that pneumatics can provide low cost automation solutions through reducing labor costs, machine investment costs, and increasing productivity. The document then covers various pneumatic components and applications, advantages and disadvantages of pneumatics, pneumatic standards, classifications of pneumatic elements, and examples of pneumatic circuits.
The aircraft pressurization system pressurizes the cabin to allow aircraft to fly at high altitudes where outside air pressure is low. It maintains a safe and comfortable air pressure inside the cabin to prevent hypoxia and other physiological issues in passengers and crew. It works by compressing and circulating bleed air from the aircraft engines throughout the cabin. The air conditioning system cools and regulates the temperature of cabin air to provide thermal comfort for occupants. Oxygen systems supply supplemental oxygen to prevent hypoxia when flying above certain altitudes. Fire suppression systems detect and extinguish aircraft fires to protect the aircraft and its occupants.
This document provides a summary of a training presentation on the Jet Shop in the Jet Engine Overhaul Complex (JEOC) in New Delhi. It describes the various sections and departments in the Jet Shop and Hydraulic Shop. It also provides details on the V2500 and JT8D jet engines, including their specifications, components, maintenance processes, and differences between the two engines. Schematic diagrams and pictures are included to illustrate the engine components and processes described.
This document compares various Airbus aircraft models across different categories such as exterior, interior, and other features. The exterior comparison includes aircraft size, engine type, and wing span for the A320, A321, A340, and A380 models. Interior comparisons cover cargo/fuel capacity, number of seats, doors, and flight deck layout. Other features discussed include range, passenger facilities, and safety features for each aircraft.
THIS PRESENTATION TAKES OVERVIEW OF AIRCRAFT CABIN PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM. IN THIS I EXPLAINED BASIC SYSTEM USED FOR PRESSURIZATION , AND HOW THIS SYSTEM IS SAFE, PRECISE. AND HOW AIR IS KEPT HEALTHY.
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Humanity is changing vision of the cosmos Presenter: Ha...Haileyesus Wondwossen
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Humanity is changing the vision of the cosmos Presenter: Haileyesus Wondwossen
Basic measurement
Aeronautical engineering concepts
Propulsion and power generation
Aerodynamic structure analysis
Stability and controls
Material and structure
Astronautical engineering concepts
Propulsion and power generation
Aerodynamics structure analysis
Stability and controls
Material and structure
Facts and world records
oriaethiopia1@gmail.com
+251920720556
Aircraft rotor systems with integrated gas turbines. helicopter, rotor, rudder, wing, plane of rotation, wind turbine systems operating principle & aerodynamic performance coefficients are described with emphasis on the key property & its impact on the operation.
This document discusses the sections and components of gas turbine engines used in aircraft. It describes how gas turbine engines are divided into two main sections - the cold section and the hot section. The cold section contains the air inlet duct, compressor, and diffuser. The hot section contains the combustor, turbine, and exhaust. It also discusses the different types of air inlet ducts used for subsonic and supersonic flight, including single entrance, divided entrance, convergent-divergent, and movable spike/plug designs.
The document discusses different types of aircraft and their components. It defines an airplane as a heavier-than-air craft propelled by an engine that uses wings to generate lift, as opposed to other aircraft like gliders or helicopters. Aircraft are categorized into general aviation, commercial, and military. The key components of an airplane discussed are the fuselage, wings, empennage/tail, power plant, and landing gear. Different wing and tail designs are described for varying aircraft speeds and purposes. Common materials used in airframe construction include steel alloys, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and composites due to their strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance.
This document provides information on various engine systems and components. It includes:
- A list of engine ATA chapters and a table with engine specifications and performance parameters.
- Descriptions of the main engine sections - air intake, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, exhaust system - outlining their functions, components, and designs.
- Details on other engine components and systems like mounts, cowls, thrust reverser, nozzle, bearing, seals, and the fuel control system.
- Explanations of compressor stall and surge, as well as bearing and seal types.
The document gives an overview of aircraft engine construction and operation through detailed descriptions and diagrams of key engine subsystems and components.
Aiaa Student Design Build Fly Electric Airplaneahmad bassiouny
The document summarizes the design of an electric RC aircraft called Poseidon's Fury. Key features include carrying a 4 liter payload, draining within 30 seconds, lifting around 25 lbs, and having a low rated aircraft cost. The aircraft uses carbon fiber spars and booms, has a tricycle landing gear configuration, and modified Eppler 216 airfoils. Flight testing showed good longitudinal and directional stability. The propulsion system uses 32 NiCad batteries providing over 4 lbs of thrust and a pitch speed of 47 mph, meeting requirements. The aircraft design satisfies competition rules and successfully completed test missions.
The document provides information about jet engine propulsion, including the major components and processes involved. It discusses the global momentum analysis and equations for jet engines. It also covers types of propulsion systems, classifications of jet engines, and the basic operation and components of jet engines such as the compressor, combustor, turbine, and nozzle. Key components and their functions are described, including how compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited to produce thrust through exhaust exiting the nozzle.
This document provides an introduction to the V2500 line and base maintenance course. It includes information about International Aero Engines AG, the engine specifications and applications. The propulsion system components like the intake cowl, fan cowl doors, C-ducts and common nozzle assembly are described. An overview of the engine mechanical arrangement including the low and high pressure systems, bearings and combustion system is also given.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Parker Aerospace supports Rolls-Royce and the Airbus A350 XWB aircraft with various fuel, hydraulic, fluid conveyance, and engine systems components. These include main oil pumps, high-temperature hoses, pneumatic suites, turbine case cooling valves, nacelle anti-ice shut-off valves, air-cooled air cooler systems, compressor handling bleed valves, and more for the Rolls-Royce Trent XWB engine. Parker Aerospace also provides slat system servo motors, auto-bleed valve-driven reservoirs, accumulators, filtration systems, and hydraulic system control logic for the aircraft's secondary flight control component. The company further supplies motor-operated valves, float &
The pneumatic system provides compressed air for aircraft functions like air conditioning, engine starting, and anti-ice systems. It obtains air from the engine bleed ports and controls the air pressure, temperature, and cleanliness. Leak detection loops monitor the hot air ducts and can isolate leaks by closing valves. The pneumatic system is controlled and monitored via panels and ECAM displays.
This document provides an overview of elements of aeronautics including aircraft components, types of wings, sweep wings, and aircraft historical records. It then discusses gas turbine engines including their basic components and operations. Specific engine types are described like turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, and turboshaft. Methods of thrust augmentation and factors affecting thrust are also summarized. The document concludes with advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine engines.
The document provides information about air compressor ZR Atlas Copco, including its main parts, technical specifications, systems, maintenance strategy, and a maintenance case study. It introduces the compressor, describing its filter, elements, motor, and controls. Diagrams show the cooling, oil, and air systems. The maintenance strategy outlines inspection levels based on running hours, including tasks like checking for leaks and replacing filters. The case study describes experiences maintaining a similar compressor, such as replacing worn elements, filters, and other parts.
The document discusses pneumatic supply systems for piston engines and gas turbine engines. For piston engines, low-pressure air is compressed by a vane-type pump and stored in an accumulator to provide a continuous supply for pneumatic systems like wing deicing boots. For gas turbine engines, bleed air is extracted from one or more compressor stages to supply pneumatic systems, commonly from a low pressure port at an intermediate stage and a high pressure port at a later stage.
This document provides an overview of fire department resources and facilities. It describes common fire department facilities like headquarters, repair facilities, training centers, warehouses, and communications centers. It also discusses fire apparatus vehicles like pumpers, aerial ladder trucks, rescue vehicles, and aircraft. Finally, it outlines the tools and equipment carried on fire trucks, including hoses, nozzles, ladders, fittings, self-contained breathing apparatus, and hand tools.
This document discusses low cost automation using pneumatic systems. It begins with an overview of automation and pneumatics, explaining that pneumatics can provide low cost automation solutions through reducing labor costs, machine investment costs, and increasing productivity. The document then covers various pneumatic components and applications, advantages and disadvantages of pneumatics, pneumatic standards, classifications of pneumatic elements, and examples of pneumatic circuits.
The aircraft pressurization system pressurizes the cabin to allow aircraft to fly at high altitudes where outside air pressure is low. It maintains a safe and comfortable air pressure inside the cabin to prevent hypoxia and other physiological issues in passengers and crew. It works by compressing and circulating bleed air from the aircraft engines throughout the cabin. The air conditioning system cools and regulates the temperature of cabin air to provide thermal comfort for occupants. Oxygen systems supply supplemental oxygen to prevent hypoxia when flying above certain altitudes. Fire suppression systems detect and extinguish aircraft fires to protect the aircraft and its occupants.
This document provides a summary of a training presentation on the Jet Shop in the Jet Engine Overhaul Complex (JEOC) in New Delhi. It describes the various sections and departments in the Jet Shop and Hydraulic Shop. It also provides details on the V2500 and JT8D jet engines, including their specifications, components, maintenance processes, and differences between the two engines. Schematic diagrams and pictures are included to illustrate the engine components and processes described.
This document compares various Airbus aircraft models across different categories such as exterior, interior, and other features. The exterior comparison includes aircraft size, engine type, and wing span for the A320, A321, A340, and A380 models. Interior comparisons cover cargo/fuel capacity, number of seats, doors, and flight deck layout. Other features discussed include range, passenger facilities, and safety features for each aircraft.
THIS PRESENTATION TAKES OVERVIEW OF AIRCRAFT CABIN PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM. IN THIS I EXPLAINED BASIC SYSTEM USED FOR PRESSURIZATION , AND HOW THIS SYSTEM IS SAFE, PRECISE. AND HOW AIR IS KEPT HEALTHY.
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Humanity is changing vision of the cosmos Presenter: Ha...Haileyesus Wondwossen
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Humanity is changing the vision of the cosmos Presenter: Haileyesus Wondwossen
Basic measurement
Aeronautical engineering concepts
Propulsion and power generation
Aerodynamic structure analysis
Stability and controls
Material and structure
Astronautical engineering concepts
Propulsion and power generation
Aerodynamics structure analysis
Stability and controls
Material and structure
Facts and world records
oriaethiopia1@gmail.com
+251920720556
Aircraft rotor systems with integrated gas turbines. helicopter, rotor, rudder, wing, plane of rotation, wind turbine systems operating principle & aerodynamic performance coefficients are described with emphasis on the key property & its impact on the operation.
This document discusses the sections and components of gas turbine engines used in aircraft. It describes how gas turbine engines are divided into two main sections - the cold section and the hot section. The cold section contains the air inlet duct, compressor, and diffuser. The hot section contains the combustor, turbine, and exhaust. It also discusses the different types of air inlet ducts used for subsonic and supersonic flight, including single entrance, divided entrance, convergent-divergent, and movable spike/plug designs.
The document discusses different types of aircraft and their components. It defines an airplane as a heavier-than-air craft propelled by an engine that uses wings to generate lift, as opposed to other aircraft like gliders or helicopters. Aircraft are categorized into general aviation, commercial, and military. The key components of an airplane discussed are the fuselage, wings, empennage/tail, power plant, and landing gear. Different wing and tail designs are described for varying aircraft speeds and purposes. Common materials used in airframe construction include steel alloys, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and composites due to their strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance.
This document provides information on various engine systems and components. It includes:
- A list of engine ATA chapters and a table with engine specifications and performance parameters.
- Descriptions of the main engine sections - air intake, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, exhaust system - outlining their functions, components, and designs.
- Details on other engine components and systems like mounts, cowls, thrust reverser, nozzle, bearing, seals, and the fuel control system.
- Explanations of compressor stall and surge, as well as bearing and seal types.
The document gives an overview of aircraft engine construction and operation through detailed descriptions and diagrams of key engine subsystems and components.
Aiaa Student Design Build Fly Electric Airplaneahmad bassiouny
The document summarizes the design of an electric RC aircraft called Poseidon's Fury. Key features include carrying a 4 liter payload, draining within 30 seconds, lifting around 25 lbs, and having a low rated aircraft cost. The aircraft uses carbon fiber spars and booms, has a tricycle landing gear configuration, and modified Eppler 216 airfoils. Flight testing showed good longitudinal and directional stability. The propulsion system uses 32 NiCad batteries providing over 4 lbs of thrust and a pitch speed of 47 mph, meeting requirements. The aircraft design satisfies competition rules and successfully completed test missions.
The document provides information about jet engine propulsion, including the major components and processes involved. It discusses the global momentum analysis and equations for jet engines. It also covers types of propulsion systems, classifications of jet engines, and the basic operation and components of jet engines such as the compressor, combustor, turbine, and nozzle. Key components and their functions are described, including how compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited to produce thrust through exhaust exiting the nozzle.
This document provides an introduction to the V2500 line and base maintenance course. It includes information about International Aero Engines AG, the engine specifications and applications. The propulsion system components like the intake cowl, fan cowl doors, C-ducts and common nozzle assembly are described. An overview of the engine mechanical arrangement including the low and high pressure systems, bearings and combustion system is also given.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
2. Objectives
Become familiar with aircraft ground handling
procedures
Understand operation principles, components &
maintenance practices of aircraft systems
Provide you with basic knowledge of non
destructive inspection methods
Improve your understanding for analyzing,
developing and managing aircraft maintenance
programs
30. Functions of pneumatic system
High-pressure system provides power for:
„ Engine and wing anti icing
„ Operating engine thrust reversers
„ Cabin pressurization, heating and cooling
„ Powering engine starters
Low pressure system provides power for:
„ Driving gyros in the flight instruments
„ Deicing boots
„ Inflation of door seals to sustain pressurization
33. APU functions
„ Start engine
„ Power generators to provide auxiliary
electrical power
„ Power environmental systems such as
air conditioning
„ Provide power for crew functions such
as preflight and galley operations
41. Types of control linkage systems
„ Mechanical command & mechanical
actuation
„ Mechanical command & hydraulic
actuation
„ Electric signal command & hydraulic
actuation (Fly by wire)
47. Main reasons for flight control
malfunctions
„ Maneuvers that have exceeded
operational design limits of the control
system.
„ Corrosion and/or distorted or disconnected
linkage.
„ Inadequate lubrication and external
contamination.
48. In-flight failures of flight control
system
Most significant causes of failures are
flaps and vibration.
50. Functions of landing gear system
„ Support the weight of the aircraft while it is
on the ground
„ Take off and land the aircraft safely
„ Absorb landing and taxiing shocks
„ Steer the aircraft
„ Stop the aircraft
57. Aircraft Fuel System
Provides continuous flow of fuel to engine
in all flight conditions. Main components are:
„ Fuel tanks
„ Fuel Pumps and valves
„ Fuel Filters
„ Fuel heaters
„ Fuel instruments
65. Functions of cabin pressurization
system
„ Automatically maintain a maximum cabin
altitude of about 8 000' at the aircraft's
maximum designed cruising altitude
„ Prevent rapid changes of cabin altitude
regardless of rate of climb or descent
„ Reasonably fast fresh air exchange to
eliminate odors and remove stale air
71. Air conditioning system
„ Maintain a comfortable cabin temperature
throughout al conditions of flight
„ Control cabin humidity to assure passenger
comfort
„ Prevent window fogging
„ Provide cooling for avionics
72. Types of air conditioning systems
There are two types of air
conditioning system used in
aircraft.
„ Air cycle machine (ACM)
system
„ Vapor cycle system
Air Cycle Machine
73. Operation of air cycle machine
1
3
4
5
6
Compressor Turbine
2
FVC :Flow Control Valve
PHX: Primary Heat Exchanger
MHX : Main Heat Exchanger
RHX: Reheater
CD : Condenser
WE: Water extractor
77. Environmental system failures
Between 2001 and 2004, 14% of in-flight interruptions have
been attributed to environmental control system. They can be
further divided as shown in the figure.
78. Water separator is the major problematic
component with the highest failures.
90. Thrust reversers
„ Shorten the routine landing distance
„ Reduce the load on the brakes
„ Improve braking control on wet, snow-
covered or icy runways
91. Types of thrust reversers
Clamshell reverser
Cascade reverser
92. Engine Malfunctions
„ Compressor Surge:
A compressor surge (sometimes called a
compressor stall) is the result of instability of the
air flow through compressor. It is recognized by a
loud bang similar to an explosion.
„ Flame out:
A flameout is a condition where the combustion
process within the burner has stopped.
ƒ Hot Start:
During engine start, due to fuel scheduling, strong
tail wind, etc. turbine temperature rises to relatively
high temperatures. This is known as a hot start.
93. Engine Malfunctions
„ Foreign Object Damage:
Foreign Object Damage (FOD) is ingestion of
objects such as tire fragments, runway debris or
animals into the engine.
„ Engine Seizure:
Engine seizure describes a situation where the
engine rotors stop turning in flight, perhaps very
suddenly. The static and rotating parts lock up
against each other, bringing the rotor to a halt.
94. Engine failure causes
Major failure causes of
aircraft engine during the
last four years:
- Vibration
- Low pressure compressor
(N1) problem
- Compressor vane
95. Engine Maintenance
„ Cold Section
- Compressor
- Foreign Object Damage
„ Hot Section
- Combustion chamber, turbine, exhaust
- Cracks due to thermal shocks
- Dictates TBO (time before overhaul)
98. Most Common Types of Aircraft Corrosion
Pitting corrosion
Crevice corrosion
Intergranular corrosion
Exfoliation corrosion
Bimetalic corrosion
Stress cracking corrosion
Fretting corrosion
99. Pitting corrosion
„ Pitting corrosion is a
localized form of
corrosion by which
cavities or "holes" are
produced in the
material.
100. Crevice corrosion
„ Crevice corrosion is a
localized form of
corrosion usually
associated with a
stagnant solution in
crevices (shielded areas)
such as those formed
under gaskets, washers,
insulation material,
fastener heads.
103. Bimetalic (dissimilar metal) corrosion
It occurs when two
(or more) dissimilar
materials are
brought into
electrical contact
under water.
A stainless steel screw in contact with a
cadmium plated steel washer.
104. Stress corrosion cracking
„ It occurs as the
result of the
combined effect of
sustained tensile
stresses and a
corrosive
environment.
Stress corrosion crack on horizontal stabilizer
due to severe metal forming.
105. Fretting corrosion
„ It occurs when two
mating surfaces,
normally at rest which
respect to each one
another, are subject to
slight relative motion.
Corroded pins
Fretting corrosion of tin-plated electrical
connector pins mated with gold-plated sockets
in F-16 aircraft main fuel shutoff valve.
107. Avionic systems corrosion
Avionics are more prone to corrosion than
aircraft because;
„ Dissimilar metals are often in electrical
contact
„ Small amount of corrosion can make
equipment inoperative
109. Atmospheric conditions at an air force base
in Turkey
ANNUAL MEAN
PARAMETER
10.32
Absolute humidity (g/m3)
76.00
Relative humidity (%)
14.30
Temperature (˚C)
69.44
Rainfall (cm)
70.00
Particulates (μg/m3)
170.00
Sulfur dioxide (g/m3)
1.50
Distance to sea (km)
110. Protective maintenance against aircraft
corrosion
Washing
Sealing / Application of inhibitors
Protective coating (metallic, organic)
Maintaining water drain valves and drain
holes for proper operation
Training and equipment
133. Maintenance
Maintenance is any one or combination of
activities such as;
„ Inspection
„ Modification
„ Repair
„ Replacement
„ Overhaul
to restore an aircraft or aircraft component or to
keep it in working condition.
134. Authorities involved in maintenance
program development
AUTHORIES
REGULATORY
BODIES
MANUFACTURERS OPERATORS
•FAA (Federal Aviation administration)
•EASA (European Aviation Safety Admin.)
•ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)
135. Maintenance Regulations &
Documents
Maintenance Manuals
Service Bulletins
Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR)
Joint Aviation Requirements (JAR)
Airworthiness Directives
Advisory Circulars
Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
Technical orders
136. Maintenance Processes
„ Preventive maintenance
Predictive maintenance is performed in order to
prevent failure of an item or to discover a hidden
failure.
„ Corrective maintenance
Corrective maintenance is performed after the
failure to correct the fault.
137. Maintenance Processes in aviation
„ Hard time
„ On condition
„ Condition Monitoring
Maintenance Operations
Flight operations
138. Hard-time Maintenance
¾ It is the oldest, primary preventive maintenance
process.
¾ It requires that an appliance or part be periodically
overhauled at certain intervals in accordance
with the carrier’s maintenance program, or it
should be removed from the service.
¾ As soon as the part age reaches predetermined
time (flight hour, cycle, or calendar time), it is
overhauled or replaced with a new component.
139. On-condition Maintenance
¾ This is a primary preventive maintenance
process.
¾ It requires that an appliance or part be
periodically inspected or checked against
some appropriate physical standards to
determine weather it can continue in service.
¾ The purpose is to use the part as long as
possible before it fails during normal
operation (in service operation)
140. Condition Monitoring
¾ This is a maintenance process for items that
have neither “hard time” or “on-condition”
maintenance as their primary maintenance
process.
¾ Condition monitoring is the maintenance
process for locating and resolving problem
areas through analytical study of malfunctions or
failures, not affecting safety of aircraft.
142. Aircraft operator maintenance
program
An air carrier's maintenance program
should contain at least the following
information:
1) What (Item to be maintained)
2) When (time limit)
3) How (task)
143. 1) Items to be maintained (What ?)
The item (part, component, or system) to be
maintained should be indicated clearly and
accurately. This is done usually by ATA (air
Transport Association) Chapter numbers, part
serial numbers, etc.
144. 2) Time Limit (When ?)
¾ The time limit is the maintenance interval
when you perform the maintenance task.
¾ There are three (3) units of measure used
to establish these limits. An item may have
no limits, one limit, or any combination of
these limits.
146. 3) Maintenance Tasks (How ?)
These include the maintenance services to
be done. The maintenance program consists
of three types of tasks:
„ Scheduled maintenance tasks
„ Unscheduled maintenance tasks
„ Specific maintenance requirements for
major components of aircraft (engine,
propeller, etc.)
147. Types of Scheduled Maintenance
Tasks (services)
„ Preflight / post-flight
„ Transit Service
„ Overnight Heavy Service
„ Heavy Maintenance
Service
„ Overhaul Service
148. Maintenance tasks and letter checks
„ In maintenance program, the maintenance
tasks which are carried out at the same
time are grouped into maintenance
packages.
„ These maintenance packages are
indicated by "A", "B", "C" and "D"
checks. For this reason they are called
"letter checks".
149. Transfer of task types in maintenance
program
CHECK
SERVICE TYPE
A
OVERNIGHT HEAVY
SERVICE
C
HEAVY MAINTENANCE
SERVICE
D
OVERHAUL SERVICE
150. Military aircraft maintenance
Maintenance levels
Ordinary (O) Intermediate (I) Depot (D)
Maintenance
types
Pre-flight inspections,
scheduled
maintenance, minor
failure repair
Term maintenance,
failure repair
Term maintenance,
damage repair
Location Squadron Airbase Factory-level facility
Duration Minutes - hours Hours - weeks Weeks - months
Example tasks
Refueling, minor
repairs, e.g. light bulb
change
Component
change/repair, e.g.
hydraulic pump change
Elaborate component
or structure
changes/repairs, e.g.
bird crash repair
151. How to package the maintenance
tasks?
There are two questions that need to be
answered about the TIME LIMIT correctly:
1)What is the best time measurement unit
(Calendar day, flight hour or cycle)?
2)What is the optimum time limit for part
replacements or inspections?
152. 1) What is the best time measurement unit for me
(Calendar day, flight hour or cycle)?
Operator A:
„ Average usage : 7000 fh/year
„ “C” checks: 3500 flight hour
Operator B :
„ Average usage: 7000 fh/year
„ “C” checks: 15 months
Aircraft : Boeing 747-400
Usage by design : High daily flight hour utilization
“C” check interval: 15 months or 3500 flight hours
Result: Operator A will perform more “C” checks than Operator B
which results in increase in maintenance cost with no increased level of
safety and reliability.
153. 2) What is the optimum time limit for part
scheduled replacements or inspections?
„ Scheduled tasks are to be performed at regular intervals.
„ Maintenance Planning Document (MPD) prepared by the
manufacturer is the main document that provides the
user with time intervals for various tasks.
„ However, these are recommended intervals by the
manufacturer. Each operator should customize these
recommended time intervals based upon its own
operating and environmental conditions, maintenance
capabilities.
„ To determine the optimal interval is a very difficult task
that has to be based on information about the failure rate
function.
154. Operating life and failures of a
component
Operating life of a component may include
three periods from the failures point of view:
„ Early life period
„ Useful life period
„ Wear-out life period
155. Failure Characteristics of aircraft
components
Time (flight hours)
Failur
e
rate
Early
life
Useful
life
Wear
Out
Candidates for
periodic
replacement
Decreasing failure
rate Constant failure
rate Increasing failure
rate
1000
500
0
156. Early life period
„ Early failures occur early in the operating life of
a component and are characterized by a
decreasing failure rate with increasing age.
„ Main causes of early failures are:
„ Poor manufacturing techniques
„ Poor quality control
„ Improper storage of the component
„ Improper installation
„ Contamination
157. Useful life period
„ Useful life period is characterized by constant
(or random) failure rate. During useful life
components fail by change unexpectedly.
„ Main causes of change failures are:
„ Misapplication
„ Abuse
„ Storms, lightning, etc.
„ Foreign object damage (FOD)
158. Wear-out period
„ Wear-out failures occur late in operating life
and characterized by an increasing failure rate
with increasing age.
„ Main causes of wear-out failures are:
„ Aging
„ Wear
„ Fatigue
„ Corrosion and erosion
„ Poor service, maintenance, and repair.
159. Case study
ESTIMATION OPTIMUM TIME OF REPLACEMENT
FOR AN AIRCRAFT COMPONENT
„ Manufacturer's maintenance document
recommends replacement of a spring in aircraft
APU fuel pump at an interval of 60 flight hours.
„ Although you are applying the manufacturer
recommendation, fuel pump often fails
unexpectedly and produce many unscheduled
maintenance tasks.
„ You are assigned to analyze and recommend
solution to this problem.
160. STEP#1: Collection and Arrangement of
Failure Data
Time to failure
(aircraft flight hour)
Failure No
10
1
15
2
25
3
38
4
53
5
65
6
75
7
88
8
161. STEP#2: Calculation of failure rate
Failure rate
Time
between
failures
∆t
Time
to
failure
(flight hour)
Failure Number
( i )
1 / [(5)(8+1-1)]=0.025
10
1
0.014
15
2
0.013
13
25
3
0.013
15
38
4
0.020
12
53
5
0.033
10
65
6
0.040
13
75
7
-
-
88
8
)
i
1
n
)(
t
(
1
FR
−
+
Δ
=
n= 8 (total number of failures)
15-10=5
25-15=10
?
163. CONTINUOUS AIRWORTHINESS
MAINTENANCE PROGRAM (CAMP)
„ A continuous airworthiness maintenance
program (CAMP) is the set of processes
certificate holders (operators) must use to
keep their aircraft in an airworthy
condition.
„ The FAA requires operators to establish
and maintain two separate, but equal,
functions within their CAMP :
- required maintenance actions
- required maintenance inspection
165. Electrical System
„ Electrical Power sources
„ Electrical Components
- Control devices
- Conversion devices
- Protection devices.
„ Power distribution systems and loads
170. Main electrical system troubles
Open circuit : Circuit that is not complete or
continuous. When an open occurs the affected
component stop to operate, but the other
components still remain in operative condition.
Short Circuit: It occurs when electricity is
allowed to take a shortcut through or around a
component or system. It has two effects:
„ Affected components have no power and fail to
operate
„ The other component will be subjected to higher
level of current causing them to burnout.