A presentation delivered by 2nd year students of UEM Kolkata, on the ever-rampant issue of ozone layer depletion, ozone hole, understanding of its causes, effects, remedies and legislations.
A presentation delivered by 2nd year students of UEM Kolkata, on the ever-rampant issue of ozone layer depletion, ozone hole, understanding of its causes, effects, remedies and legislations.
Smog is a kind of intense air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Major cities around the world are experiencing the effects of air pollution.
I describe about what is a pollution. and what is air pollutans. Air primary pollutants.
primary pollutants how cause pollution.
primary pollutants cauiise pollution in different manners. pollution caused by these pollutants ius very svere.
these pollutants effects are very adverse on health of humans.
tomados( anything in svere condition) and man made sources causes pollution more and more.
human interrupt natural sources and cause pollution.
Smog is a kind of intense air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Major cities around the world are experiencing the effects of air pollution.
I describe about what is a pollution. and what is air pollutans. Air primary pollutants.
primary pollutants how cause pollution.
primary pollutants cauiise pollution in different manners. pollution caused by these pollutants ius very svere.
these pollutants effects are very adverse on health of humans.
tomados( anything in svere condition) and man made sources causes pollution more and more.
human interrupt natural sources and cause pollution.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
4. Smog
• Smog = Smoke + Fog
• Oxidizing smog or photochemical smog
• The mixture of smoke + fog is characterized by
presence of SO2 reducing smog or
sulphorous smog
5.
6. Smog forming reactions
• Hydrocarbons from number of chemical and
photochemical reactions noxious secondary
pollutant and intermediates photochemical
smog.
• Photochemical reactions of Methane (CH4)
CH4 + O H3C• [alkyl (methyl) radical] + HO•
(hydroxyl radical)
7. • H3C• + O2 + M (energy-absorbing third body,
usually a molecule of N2 or O2) H3COO•
(methyl peroxyl radical) + M
• Such radicals participate in a variety of
subsequent chain reactionssmog formation.
• CH4 + HO• (hydroxyl radical) H3C• (methyl
radical) + H2O
• H3COO• (methyl peroxyl radical) + NO
H3CO• + NO2
• VOCs + NOx + sunlight Photochemical smog
8. Air pollution episodes
Location Date Pollutants Effects
Meuse valley,
Belgium
Dec. 1930 SO2 63 excess deaths
Donora PA,
USA
Oct. 1948 SO2 20 deaths
Poza Rica,
Mexico
Nov. 1950 H2S 22 excess deaths
London Dec. 1952 SO2 4000 excess deaths
New York Nov. 1966 SO2 168 deaths
9. London Smog
• December 5-9, 1952
• Damp and foggy condition in winter, subsidence
inversion
• Fuel use was maximum and air near stagnant
• A white fog was formed
• Coal as a source of fuel for space heating and
electricity production (Sulphur, 1.5%)
• White fog black fog
• Smoke conc. during fog was five times higher
• SO2 conc. was six times than usual level
10. • Sulphur dioxide dissolve into the water that
condensed around smoke particles
• SO2(g) + H2O(l) H(aq) + HSO3 (aq)
• Bulid up pollutants combined with smog
• Zero visibility
“one can’t see ones hande infornt of his face—a
white collar shirt becomes almost black within 20
min”
• Cough, nasal discharge, sore throat, irritation
of eyes and bronchi, and vomating
11. • Casualties of 4000 people
• Died were of old age and history of chronic
bronchitis, asthma, bronco-pneumonia and
other lung and heart diseases
• Similar but mild air pollution episodes had
occurred previously Dec. 1873, Jan 1880, Feb
1882, Dec 1891, Dec 1892, Nov 1948, Dec
1950 (1000 deaths)
13. Los Angeles Smog
• Subsidence inversion was responsible
• Los Angeles has mountains to the north and
the east; horizontal air movement restricted
• This situation acts as a trap for obnoxious
gases from automobiles
• Ozone (ground level) was formed, photo-
chemical reactions of NOx + HC (automobiles)
14. • Temperature inversion increases the conc. of
exhaust gases and photochemical smog is
formed
• Irritation of eyes, nose and throat
