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SMOG
AND
ACID RAIN
SMOG
What is SMOG?
■ Smog is a kind of air pollution.
■ It occurs when smoke combine with
fog.
■ It is yellowish or blackish in color.
BRIEF HISTORY
■ 1943- First recognized photochemical smog in Los Angeles
■ 1947- California Governor Earl Warren signs a law setting up an Air
Pollution Control
■ 1948- Caltech chemistry professor Arie Haagen-Smit discovers the source of
ozone
■ 1952- Sulfurous smog led to 4000 deaths
■ 1963- Congress accepted the primary Clean Air Act
■ 1975- Catalytic converters with three way catalyst were designed to lessen
discharges of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
■ 1990- President George Bush signs into law the Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1990
■ 2010- The Pak-EPA drafted the National Air Quality Standard (NEQS) for
ambient air quality
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FOG AND SMOG
■ FOG
✓ Fog is formed when moist air is cooled
✓ Disperse light and reduce visibility
✓ Visibility less than 1000 meters
■ SMOG
✓ Formed when organic compounds and
nitrogen oxides chemically react with
sunlight
✓ Cause choking coughing and other
health problems
FORMATION OF SMOG
■ Smog is formed due to the reaction that takes place between sunlight and emissions
from power plants, factories, cars, and other sources
Why Smog Is Formed In Winter?
■ It is caused entirely by pollution
■ Pollutants released in air reacts with sunlight
and heat as a result, smog is formed in the
atmosphere
■ During winter months, the speed of wind is
slow and is mostly stagnant, this causes
smoke and fog to accumulate at a place, lead
to the formation of smog
TYPES OF SMOG
■ There are two types of smog:
Sulfurous
Smog Photochemical
Smog
Difference between
SULFUROUS SMOG
■ Industrial smog or London smog
■ First observed in London in 1952
■ Greyish in color
■ Cause- burning of coal or oil at
large power plants
■ Cause lung problems
PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
■ Los Angeles smog
■ Frist observed in Los Angeles in 1950
■ Brownish in color
■ Cause- automobiles
■ Cause eye irritation
SULFUROUS SMOG
■ Also known as London smog or Industrial
smog
■ Greyish in color
■ Reducing in nature
■ Produced due to high concentration of sulfur
dioxide and particulate matter produced
from fuel combustion
■ Usually formed in winter particularly in
morning hours when temperature is low
GREAT SMOG OF 1952
■ Great smog of London
■ Severe pollution event that affected
British capital of London in early
December
■ Sustain from 5 to 9 December
1952
■ 12,000 dead
■ 200,000 injured
LONDON SMOG DISASTER OF 1952
■ Early on 5th of December 1952 the London sky was clear
■ The weather was considerably colder than usual
■ People of London were burning large amounts of coal and smoke bellowed
from the chimneys
■ The winds were light and the air near the ground was moist
■ Hence, cold stagnant air trapped under a layer of warm air
■ The resultant fog that was a persistent smog blanketed London for few days
until the weather changed

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Smog : History, Types, Causes and its Effects

  • 3. What is SMOG? ■ Smog is a kind of air pollution. ■ It occurs when smoke combine with fog. ■ It is yellowish or blackish in color.
  • 4. BRIEF HISTORY ■ 1943- First recognized photochemical smog in Los Angeles ■ 1947- California Governor Earl Warren signs a law setting up an Air Pollution Control ■ 1948- Caltech chemistry professor Arie Haagen-Smit discovers the source of ozone ■ 1952- Sulfurous smog led to 4000 deaths ■ 1963- Congress accepted the primary Clean Air Act ■ 1975- Catalytic converters with three way catalyst were designed to lessen discharges of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen ■ 1990- President George Bush signs into law the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 ■ 2010- The Pak-EPA drafted the National Air Quality Standard (NEQS) for ambient air quality
  • 5. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FOG AND SMOG ■ FOG ✓ Fog is formed when moist air is cooled ✓ Disperse light and reduce visibility ✓ Visibility less than 1000 meters ■ SMOG ✓ Formed when organic compounds and nitrogen oxides chemically react with sunlight ✓ Cause choking coughing and other health problems
  • 7. ■ Smog is formed due to the reaction that takes place between sunlight and emissions from power plants, factories, cars, and other sources
  • 8. Why Smog Is Formed In Winter? ■ It is caused entirely by pollution ■ Pollutants released in air reacts with sunlight and heat as a result, smog is formed in the atmosphere ■ During winter months, the speed of wind is slow and is mostly stagnant, this causes smoke and fog to accumulate at a place, lead to the formation of smog
  • 9. TYPES OF SMOG ■ There are two types of smog: Sulfurous Smog Photochemical Smog
  • 10. Difference between SULFUROUS SMOG ■ Industrial smog or London smog ■ First observed in London in 1952 ■ Greyish in color ■ Cause- burning of coal or oil at large power plants ■ Cause lung problems PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG ■ Los Angeles smog ■ Frist observed in Los Angeles in 1950 ■ Brownish in color ■ Cause- automobiles ■ Cause eye irritation
  • 11. SULFUROUS SMOG ■ Also known as London smog or Industrial smog ■ Greyish in color ■ Reducing in nature ■ Produced due to high concentration of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter produced from fuel combustion ■ Usually formed in winter particularly in morning hours when temperature is low
  • 12. GREAT SMOG OF 1952 ■ Great smog of London ■ Severe pollution event that affected British capital of London in early December ■ Sustain from 5 to 9 December 1952 ■ 12,000 dead ■ 200,000 injured
  • 13. LONDON SMOG DISASTER OF 1952 ■ Early on 5th of December 1952 the London sky was clear ■ The weather was considerably colder than usual ■ People of London were burning large amounts of coal and smoke bellowed from the chimneys ■ The winds were light and the air near the ground was moist ■ Hence, cold stagnant air trapped under a layer of warm air ■ The resultant fog that was a persistent smog blanketed London for few days until the weather changed