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AIR POLLUTION
Rahul Kamble
OBJECTIVES
 Classification of air pollutants
Particulate matter
Sulphur dioxide
Oxides of nitrogen
Hydrocarbons
CLASSIFICATION OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
 Particulate matter
“ Small, solid particles and liquid droplets”
Sources
 Volcanic eruption,
 Blowing of dust and soil by the wind
 Spraying of salt and other solid particles by the
seas and oceans
TYPES OF PARTICULATE MATTER
 SPM and RSPM
 Inorganic particulate matter
 Organic particulate matter
ORGANIC PARTICULATE MATTER
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
 Colourless gas with pungent odour
 Form by the combustion of sulphur bearing
material
 SO2 always accompanied with little SO3
 S + O2  SO2
 2 SO2 + O2 2 SO3
 SO3 + H2O  H2SO4
SOURCES OF SO2
 67 % of total SOx
pollution is from
natural processes i.e.
volcanos
 33 % man made
activities among them
fuel combustion :
 coal accounts for 74 %
 industry 22 %
 transportation 2%
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
 Nitric oxide (NO) colourless and odourless gas
 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is reddish brown and
pungent suffocating odour
 N2 + O2 2 NO
 2 NO + O2 2 NO2
 These formations are favored in higher
temperature
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
 Natural bacterial action discharges 5x103
tonnes of NOx mainly in the form of nitric
oxide (NO)
 Anthropogenic activities release 5x107
tonnes
 Combustion of coal, oil, natural gas,
automobile exhausts are major source
 Average residence time of NO is 4 days,
NO2 for 3 days.
HYDROCARBONS
 Tress emit large quantity of HC
 CH4 is the major contributor of HC
 Produced due to anaerobic decomposition of
organic matter by bacteria
 Domestic animals waste contribute about 85
million tonnes of CH4
 CH4 has mean residence time of 3-7 years
HYDROCARBONS
 Anthropogenic activities
contribute 15 % of the
HC emitted into the
atmosphere
 Automobiles are major
source
 Total HC emission per
year is about 570 X 106
tonnes/ year
HYDROCARBONS
 Petroleum 55%
 Coal 3.3 %
 Wood 2.2%
 Incinerators and
refuse burning
28.3%
 Solvent
evaporation 11.3%
THANK YOU !!!

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Air pollution 2

  • 2. OBJECTIVES  Classification of air pollutants Particulate matter Sulphur dioxide Oxides of nitrogen Hydrocarbons
  • 3. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS  Particulate matter “ Small, solid particles and liquid droplets” Sources  Volcanic eruption,  Blowing of dust and soil by the wind  Spraying of salt and other solid particles by the seas and oceans
  • 4. TYPES OF PARTICULATE MATTER  SPM and RSPM  Inorganic particulate matter  Organic particulate matter
  • 5.
  • 7. SULPHUR DIOXIDE  Colourless gas with pungent odour  Form by the combustion of sulphur bearing material  SO2 always accompanied with little SO3  S + O2  SO2  2 SO2 + O2 2 SO3  SO3 + H2O  H2SO4
  • 8.
  • 9. SOURCES OF SO2  67 % of total SOx pollution is from natural processes i.e. volcanos  33 % man made activities among them fuel combustion :  coal accounts for 74 %  industry 22 %  transportation 2%
  • 10. OXIDES OF NITROGEN  Nitric oxide (NO) colourless and odourless gas  Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is reddish brown and pungent suffocating odour  N2 + O2 2 NO  2 NO + O2 2 NO2  These formations are favored in higher temperature
  • 11. OXIDES OF NITROGEN  Natural bacterial action discharges 5x103 tonnes of NOx mainly in the form of nitric oxide (NO)  Anthropogenic activities release 5x107 tonnes  Combustion of coal, oil, natural gas, automobile exhausts are major source  Average residence time of NO is 4 days, NO2 for 3 days.
  • 12. HYDROCARBONS  Tress emit large quantity of HC  CH4 is the major contributor of HC  Produced due to anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by bacteria  Domestic animals waste contribute about 85 million tonnes of CH4  CH4 has mean residence time of 3-7 years
  • 13. HYDROCARBONS  Anthropogenic activities contribute 15 % of the HC emitted into the atmosphere  Automobiles are major source  Total HC emission per year is about 570 X 106 tonnes/ year
  • 14. HYDROCARBONS  Petroleum 55%  Coal 3.3 %  Wood 2.2%  Incinerators and refuse burning 28.3%  Solvent evaporation 11.3%