This document discusses various methods for managing biomedical and e-waste, including autoclaving, hydroclaving, microwave, plasma treatment, and solar radiation. Autoclaving uses steam at high temperatures to sterilize waste but only partially reduces volumes and cannot treat all waste types. Hydroclaving similarly uses steam but allows for internal agitation and fragmentation for higher sterilization. Microwave heating penetrates waste internally while eliminating liquid and gaseous emissions. Plasma treatment converts waste into useful byproducts using high-temperature plasma. Solar radiation uses reflected sunlight to disinfect waste in a heated metal box. The document also lists strategies for e-waste management like reduction, reuse, recycling, and conventional landfilling or

1. Hazardous Waste Management
R K Kamble
Department of Environmental Science
S P College, Chandrapur, Maharashtra
e-mail: rahulkk41279@yahoo.com

3. Biomedical waste management

4. Autoclave
• Low heat thermal process
• Steam direct contact with waste in controlled
manner
Methodology
• The BM waste in a bag placed in a sealed
pressurized chamber, exposed to open steam
at required temperature (120 o
C for 30-60
min.)

5. • Advantages
– Low capital and operational cost
– Low level of skill required
– Liquid emissions are minimum
– Air emissions are not toxic/hazardous
• Disadvantages
– Partial reduction of waste volume
– Some plastic gets disfigured
– Pathological, cytotoxic and other toxic waste can’t
be treated
– Odorous fume creates problem

6. Hydroclave
• Low heat thermal process
• Applied steam as an indirect heating source
allowing total dehydration of waste
• Waste is internally agitated and fragmented to
attain high degree of sterilization of all waste
components and particles
• Operation includes: Loading, Heating up and
fragmentation
• Sterilization period: 15 min. at 132 o
C or 30
min. at 121 o
C.

8. Microwave
• Low heat thermal process with a difference
• Heat the waste from inside
• Microwave are EMR that enters into or
penetrate materials
• Treatment process fully automated only
manual work for placing waste into it.
• The shredder shreds bag and waste into
‘confetti’ like particles.

9. • It is moistened with steam to have effective
heating.
• No decomposition of material thereby, both
liquid and gaseous emissions are eliminated.

10. Plasma Treatment Method
• The waste converted into commercially useful
by products.
• Plasma-a collection of electrically charged
particles such as electrons and radicals
• The torch converts electrical energy into heat
energy
• The waste is treated with plasma emitted by
torch

11. •Gases includes CO, N
and HC
•They are
decontaminated or
scrubbed in the
secondary chamber
with chemical/water
shower.
•Gases temperature
also reduce from 600
oC to 80 o
C.
•Process occurs in
absence of O2.

12. Solar radiation
method
• Non burn technology
• Medical waste is fed
into a solar box
• The mirror reflects
solar energy on the
metal box as a result
of which temperature
increases
• Thus, stats
disinfection process

13. E-waste management
• Source reduction
• Zero waste discharge
• Eco-designing of product
• Reuse, recycle
• Incineration
• Conventional disposal in landfill

14. Thank you