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Occupational Health of Sanitation Workers Chandrapur City
1. Occupational Health of Sanitation Workers in
Chandrapur City
National Seminar on
Sanitation and Conservancy Workers-
Does National Cleanliness Mission address Issues of Health,
Housing and Livelihoods?
By
Rahul K Kamble
Assistant Professor
Centre for Higher Learning and Research in Environmental Science
Sardar Patel College, Chandrapur 442 402, Maharashtra
2. Introduction
• Occupational health deals with all aspects of
health and safety in the workplace.
• According to WHO major occupational risk
association with occupational health
– Injuries (40%)
– Noise (22%)
– Carcinogen (18%)
– Airborne particulate matter (17%)
– Ergonomic hazards (3%)
220 April 2018
3. Introduction
• In Great Britain, 13,000 deaths/year due to
work primarily to chemicals or dust.
• 1.3 million workers suffering from work
related ill health in 2016/17.
• 507,000 workers suffering from work related
musculoskeletal disorders.
• 12,000 lung disorders each year.
320 April 2018
4. Introduction
• Municipal solid wastes, road dust,
garbage and other solid/liquid wastes are
generated in a city.
• Sweepers, sanitary workers and solid
waste collecting workers are engaged.
• These workers are continuously exposed
to pollutants and occupational health
hazards.
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5. Objectives
• To identify occupational health problems.
• To identify health hazards they are
exposed.
• To identify pollutants causing health
problems.
• To suggest suitable preventive/control
measures.
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6. Study area
• Chandrapur city of Maharashtra, central India
• Old settlement (~500 years) and historical city
• Population (Census 2011) approx. 4 lakh
• City divided into three zones and 66 wards
• Municipal corporation is ‘D’ grade
• Mix waste @ 50 tonnes/day is generated
620 April 2018
8. Sample population
8
Work category Male Female
Street sweepers 10 (50%)
Govt.
10 (50%)
Govt.
Sewage collecting workers 20 (100%)
09 Govt. + 11 Pvt.
Nil
Solid waste collecting
workers
05 (25%)
Pvt.
15 (75%)
Pvt.
Total 35 25
20 April 2018
9. Caste distribution
9
Workers, n (%) (Caste)
Street sweepers Sewage Solid waste
Total workers 20 (100%) 20 (100%) 20 (100%)
SC 18 (90%)
(Mahar and Bhangi)
15 (75%)
(Mahar)
12 (60%)
(Mahar)
ST - - 3 (15%)
(Pardhan)
OBC 2 (10%) 5 (25%)
(Kunbi)
5 (25%)
(Kunbi)
Mahar (SC) > Kunbi (OBC) > Pardhan (ST)
20 April 2018
10. Age and gender distribution
10
Age range n (%)
18-25 10 (16.6%)
26-30 5 (8.3%)
31-40 20 (33.2%)
41-50 12 (20%)
51-58 13 (21.6%)
(Order of age range: 31-40 > 51-58 > 41-50 > 18-25 > 26-30)
Gender n (%)
Male 25 (41.6%)
Female 35 (58.3%)20 April 2018
11. Education and marital status
11
Education level n (%)
Illiterate 10 (16.6%)
Primary (read and write) 10 (16.6%)
Middle school 24 (40%)
High school 16 (26.6%)
Marital status n (%)
Unmarried 2 (3.3%)
Married 58 (96.6%)
Widow Nil
20 April 2018
28. PEFR in street sweepers
• Lungs problems was reported by 15 (75%)
sweepers.
• The reduction of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
(PEFR) was associated with chronic sweeping
can be partially explained by loss of lung
elastic recoil pressure which reduce the force
required to drive air out of lungs.
2820 April 2018
30. Abuse substances
• Six (30%) street sweepers chew tobacco
(Gutkha) whereas; 45% (n=9) sewage
collecting workers and 90% (n=18) solid
waste collecting women.
• Out of total sewage collecting workers four
(20%) drink alcohol.
3020 April 2018
31. Medical treatment
• Government employee (street sweepers and
few sewage collecting workers) avail medical
treatment at district hospital.
• Private workers (especially solid waste
collecting worker) prefer to Nagar Parishad
hospital.
• Workers prefer government hospital/Nagar
parishad hospital than to local vaidyas and
private hospitals.
• No coverage of life/health insurance.
3120 April 2018
32. Conclusions
• Sweepers exposed to respiratory problems
(cough and cold).
• Allergies and asthma caused by deposition of
harmful airborne dust particles that inhaled
during sweeping.
• Sewage collecting workers highly exposed to
musculoskeletal problems (low back pain).
• Gastrointestinal problems like diarrhea,
dysentery caused by airborne gram negative
bacteria present in sewage.
3220 April 2018
33. Conclusions
• Exposure to harmful gases like hydrogen
sulfide, methane and carbon monoxide.
• Dermal (Skin) injuries.
• Solid waste collecting women reported
musculoskeletal problems (low back pain and
elbow) by pulling-pushing garbage vehicle.
• Stomach pain may be caused by bacteria, feces
present in nappies and hazardous waste
present in waste.
3320 April 2018
34. Suggestions
• Use of various safety equipment’s are
recommended in sewer maintenance work
such as gas mask, oxygen breathing apparatus,
portable air blowers, safety belts, inhalation,
helmets, gloves, lead acetate paper, gas
detector lamps etc. and mechanization of
work.
3420 April 2018
35. Suggestions
• Regular medical checkup will help in early
detection of effects of these exposures.
• Pulmonary Function Test by using
Breathometer.
• To impart education regarding safer work
procedure.
• Medical/health insurance to be provided.
3520 April 2018
