It is recognized within the industry that most data centers are not energy efficient. Traditional data center designs do not fully address optimizing the data center. While data center managers struggle with uptime and reliability, business executives are looking for ways to reduce capital and operational expenses to improve the bottom line. Green initiatives are also in place to not only save money but to be environmentally responsible. New green data center designs (based on hot and cold air containment) have started to become more popular. Containment strategies and air flow optimization are recognized as a way to achieve both technical and business objectives. By separating hot and cold air within the data center, capital and operational expenses can be reduced for the business and a more stable and predictable environment can be achieved for the IT organization.
This document outlines best practices for data center cooling, including minimizing air leakage, proper placement and number of perforated tiles, separating hot and cold aisles, using blanking panels, and employing state-of-the-art CRAC units. It discusses airflow philosophies like hot aisle containment and raised floor height. Optimal return air conditions and chilled water temperatures are presented. Standby unit operation and EC fan technology are also covered. An example project at Munich Airport that implemented various best practices reduced CRAC power consumption by 35% while lowering cabinet temperatures.
4 steps to quickly improve pue through airflow managementUpsite Technologies
This document discusses 4 steps to optimize data center cooling through improved airflow management (AFM).
1) Conduct research to identify opportunities by analyzing intake temperatures, hot/cold spots, and cooling capacity factors. Most data centers have excess cooling capacity.
2) Implement AFM best practices like sealing floor tiles and cable openings, using blanking panels, and containing hot/cold aisles.
3) Raise cooling unit setpoints to increase efficiency and release stranded capacity while still maintaining proper intake temperatures.
4) Adjust cooling unit fan speeds and quantities based on modeling results. Case studies showed cost savings from improved AFM within 1.4 years through energy reduction.
The document discusses InfraStruXure for data centers and close coupling cooling solutions. Close coupling cooling removes heat at the source, requires less fan power, enables variable speed fans, does not require pressurizing floors, addresses varying heat loads, increases system capacity, reduces unit quantities, requires less space, and enables high density configurations. It provides benefits like future proofing, fully utilizing expensive floor space, and reducing costs associated with adding additional racks.
This document discusses the need for green data centers and provides strategies for making data centers more energy efficient. It notes that while many organizations say they are green, few have specific targets or programs to reduce their carbon footprint. As data center electricity consumption and costs rise, running out of power capacity, cooling capacity, and physical space are major concerns. The document then provides questions to assess a data center's energy efficiency in terms of facilities, IT equipment, and utilization rates. It recommends strategies like optimizing infrastructure utilization and choosing more efficient hardware and cooling options. The goal is to improve the data center infrastructure efficiency metric and lower costs by reducing redundant, underutilized resources.
The Future of Air Conditioning & its Impact on the PlanetRishab Gupta
Air conditioning places a significant burden on energy systems and greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioners are projected to accelerate dramatically by 2050 as the number increases from 900 million to over 2.5 billion units worldwide. Improving the average efficiency of air conditioners globally by 30% by 2030 could reduce emissions by 25 billion metric tons of CO2 and reduce peak electricity demand significantly. While air conditioning provides health and productivity benefits, it is also a major contributor to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions. Regulations and development of more environmentally friendly cooling technologies must continue to address this challenge.
01 hap4 4-space - Hourly Analysis Program - CarrierMonzer Salahdine
This document provides an overview of the capabilities of Carrier's HAP 4.4 HVAC design and energy analysis software. It describes the two main operating modes in HAP - System Design mode for estimating loads and sizing systems, and Energy Analysis mode for hourly energy simulation. Key features covered include building load calculation methods, modeling approach using elements, spaces, zones, air systems and plants, and energy analysis reports. The document also discusses HAP's data management features and provides system requirements for installation.
This document outlines best practices for data center cooling, including minimizing air leakage, proper placement and number of perforated tiles, separating hot and cold aisles, using blanking panels, and employing state-of-the-art CRAC units. It discusses airflow philosophies like hot aisle containment and raised floor height. Optimal return air conditions and chilled water temperatures are presented. Standby unit operation and EC fan technology are also covered. An example project at Munich Airport that implemented various best practices reduced CRAC power consumption by 35% while lowering cabinet temperatures.
4 steps to quickly improve pue through airflow managementUpsite Technologies
This document discusses 4 steps to optimize data center cooling through improved airflow management (AFM).
1) Conduct research to identify opportunities by analyzing intake temperatures, hot/cold spots, and cooling capacity factors. Most data centers have excess cooling capacity.
2) Implement AFM best practices like sealing floor tiles and cable openings, using blanking panels, and containing hot/cold aisles.
3) Raise cooling unit setpoints to increase efficiency and release stranded capacity while still maintaining proper intake temperatures.
4) Adjust cooling unit fan speeds and quantities based on modeling results. Case studies showed cost savings from improved AFM within 1.4 years through energy reduction.
The document discusses InfraStruXure for data centers and close coupling cooling solutions. Close coupling cooling removes heat at the source, requires less fan power, enables variable speed fans, does not require pressurizing floors, addresses varying heat loads, increases system capacity, reduces unit quantities, requires less space, and enables high density configurations. It provides benefits like future proofing, fully utilizing expensive floor space, and reducing costs associated with adding additional racks.
This document discusses the need for green data centers and provides strategies for making data centers more energy efficient. It notes that while many organizations say they are green, few have specific targets or programs to reduce their carbon footprint. As data center electricity consumption and costs rise, running out of power capacity, cooling capacity, and physical space are major concerns. The document then provides questions to assess a data center's energy efficiency in terms of facilities, IT equipment, and utilization rates. It recommends strategies like optimizing infrastructure utilization and choosing more efficient hardware and cooling options. The goal is to improve the data center infrastructure efficiency metric and lower costs by reducing redundant, underutilized resources.
The Future of Air Conditioning & its Impact on the PlanetRishab Gupta
Air conditioning places a significant burden on energy systems and greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioners are projected to accelerate dramatically by 2050 as the number increases from 900 million to over 2.5 billion units worldwide. Improving the average efficiency of air conditioners globally by 30% by 2030 could reduce emissions by 25 billion metric tons of CO2 and reduce peak electricity demand significantly. While air conditioning provides health and productivity benefits, it is also a major contributor to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions. Regulations and development of more environmentally friendly cooling technologies must continue to address this challenge.
01 hap4 4-space - Hourly Analysis Program - CarrierMonzer Salahdine
This document provides an overview of the capabilities of Carrier's HAP 4.4 HVAC design and energy analysis software. It describes the two main operating modes in HAP - System Design mode for estimating loads and sizing systems, and Energy Analysis mode for hourly energy simulation. Key features covered include building load calculation methods, modeling approach using elements, spaces, zones, air systems and plants, and energy analysis reports. The document also discusses HAP's data management features and provides system requirements for installation.
Data Center Cooling Design - Datacenter-serverroommarlisaclark
Keep your data center cool and healthy with our smart Data Center Cooling Design which makes sure your data centers never get exhausted and work efficiently. Visit: http://www.datacenter-serverroom.com/rack-row-room-data-center-cooling
Data Center Cooling System Design: Reducing Cooling Costs and Power Consumpti...SimScale
Adequate data center rack cooling with the highest possible energy efficiency is one of the most critical aspects of DCIM. It is crucial to ensure sufficient mixing in the cold aisle, which is mainly depending on the supply flow rate and temperature.
This presentation was used in a free webinar hosted by SimScale, a cloud-based simulation platform. Watch the recording below to learn how computational fluid dynamics simulations can help you reduce the cooling cost of an existing data center by optimizing the supply air temperature and the supply air flow rate, based on the CFD results and cost functions.
- Webinar recording:
https://www.simscale.com/webinars-workshops/reduce-cooling-cost-data-centers/
- Blog article:
https://www.simscale.com/blog/2018/05/data-center-power-consumption/
- Simulation project template: https://www.simscale.com/projects/vaibhav_s/data_center_cooling_rci_1/
This document provides an overview of a course on heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The course objectives are to define air conditioning and refrigeration systems, discuss different types and applications, discuss terms associated with performance, and describe underlying scientific principles. Key topics covered include classification of HVAC systems, applications, refrigeration and air conditioning definitions, sensible and latent heat processes, heat transfer methods, and refrigeration capacity units.
This document discusses data center efficiency and preparation. It begins with an overview of data centers, including their main components, energy metrics like PUE, consumption trends over time, and strategies some companies use regarding location and cooling. It then covers classifications like the Uptime Institute tiers and TIA standards. Finally, it details various preparation considerations around the data center like raising the floor, identifying spaces, rack positioning, cabling, cooling systems, and air flow management.
Gaining Data Center Cooling Efficiency Through Airflow ManagementUpsite Technologies
This presentation highlights research from Upsite Technologies regarding the latest best in data center airflow management and cooling, including steps to improvement. Originally delivered by Upsite President John Thornell at the AFCOM Boston-New England Chapter meeting.
The segmentation of data centers into alternating hot and cold aisles is an established best practice. A number of manufacturers are taking this premise of airflow separation a step further by marketing "containment" solutions. By containing the hot or cold aisle, the air paths have little chance to mix, presenting data center operators with both reliability and efficiency gains.
To view the recording of the webinar presentation, please visit http://www.42u.com/webinars/Aisle-Containment-Webinar/playback.htm
When developing data center energy-use estimations, engineers must account for all sources of energy use in the facility. Most energy consumption is obvious: computers, cooling plant and related equipment, lighting, and other miscellaneous electrical loads. Designing efficient and effective data centers is a top priority for consulting engineers. Cooling is a large portion of data center energy use, second only to the IT load. Although there are several options to help maximize HVAC efficiency and minimize energy consumption, data centers come in many shapes, sizes, and configurations. By developing a deep understanding of their client’s data center HVAC requirements, consulting engineers can help maintain the necessary availability level of mission critical applications while reducing energy consumption.
General overview of HVAC Technology
General overview of VRF Technology
Benefits of VRF
General overview of Refrigerant
General overview of Ton
General overview of Compressor
Air conditioning units are major home appliances designed to control the temperature and humidity in your home. There are many Air Conditioner alternatives designed to meet your specific need. It is very important to know what type of AC you need to meet your need.
Understanding HVAC systems is essential for its proper maintenance. Quarterly maintenance of your HVAC systems is important to extend the system’s lifespan and save hundreds of dollars on unexpected repairs. Regular maintenance of residential HVAC systems is essential when it comes not only to the proper function of boilers, furnaces, and AC units but also for better energy efficiency and in-home air quality. A properly maintained HVAC system can cut hydro costs from five to ten percent, as well as improving comfort and air quality.
For More info:
https://sierraair.ca/residential/
This document provides an overview of basic air conditioning concepts and typical all-air HVAC systems. It describes the major components, including coils, fans, dampers, and control systems. Typical AC units discussed are rooftop packages, split systems, chilled water air handlers, and VAV systems. The document also outlines equipment types, control types, and provides some basic rules of thumb for HVAC design and operation.
Data Center Cooling Efficiency: Understanding the Science of the 4 Delta T'sUpsite Technologies
While the term Delta T may be commonly used in the industry, there is much misunderstanding about where and why temperatures are changing in computer rooms. While two ΔT’s are commonly known, there are actually four different ΔT’s which contribute to the health of the data center. Understanding the sources of these differences and measuring them in your site provides insight about how to further improve the efficiency and capacity of computer room cooling.
Presented by:
Lars Strong, P.E., Senior Engineer, Upsite Technologies
Cooling Optimization 101: A Beginner's Guide to Data Center CoolingUpsite Technologies
As new personnel enter the industry, they are often bombarded with a slew of buzz words and marketing messages that would lead them to believe that data centers almost run themselves. And while monitoring and DCIM solutions are improving the management of power and cooling, an understanding of the fundamental science is crucial to both see through the hype and get the most out of management systems. More so, as the veterans in our industry start to retire, much of the basic knowledge around power and cooling is often overlooked when training their successors. This session will provide that basic knowledge and give a fundamental understanding of the power and cooling infrastructure in a data center, with an emphasis on cooling optimization. In this session, you’ll learn how to recover stranded cooling capacity, reduce operating costs, improve IT equipment reliability, and prolong the life and capacity of the data center.
ASHRAE TC9.9 - DATA CENTER STANDARD AND BEST PRACTICESglenioleonel
This document provides guidelines for power equipment used in data centers. It discusses how rising temperatures in data centers can affect power equipment, which typically has a longer lifespan than IT equipment. It categorizes power equipment by location, such as whether it is in a hot aisle or cold aisle. Recommendations are provided to improve thermal compatibility and reliability of power equipment as data center temperatures increase.
Predictive maintenance uses sensors and data analytics to predict failures in machines before they occur. It aims to replace parts that will break imminently, rather than all parts preventatively. This approach reduces costs compared to traditional preventative maintenance. Developing an effective predictive maintenance program requires understanding machine operations and economics, identifying relevant data sources, and creating predictive models. It is a collaborative process without single solutions, as each machine system presents unique challenges. The goal is finding the optimal balance of predictive efforts and resulting cost savings.
The document discusses best practices for airflow management in computer rooms and data centers. It identifies two types of computer rooms - those without and with intake air temperature problems for IT equipment. Improving airflow management (AFM) can solve intake air issues to make facilities more efficient. The document also discusses concepts like bypass airflow, recirculation, and the benefits of proper cable penetrations and containment. It provides examples of how AFM practices applied incorrectly can negatively impact cooling and presents strategies like Upsite's 4 R's methodology to optimize airflow.
The document discusses how performing HVAC load calculations using ACCA Manual J Version 8 can benefit energy raters. It provides an overview of Manual J, explaining that it establishes procedures for estimating room-by-room heating and cooling loads. Adhering to Manual J helps ensure proper sizing of HVAC equipment and elimination of comfort issues. It also discusses how factors like infiltration, duct leakage, and duct design influence load calculations and notes load calculations can enhance energy raters' skills and provide an additional revenue source.
Modelling Natural Ventilation in IES-VE: Case studies & Research OutlookDaniel Coakley
Presented at Technical Seminar: Ventilative Cooling & Overheating Risk - Cork Institute of Technology, 20th April 2016
This half day seminar for researchers, designers, engineers & architects, is organised in collaboration with IEA-EBC Annex 62 and will present state of the art in utilising ventilation for reducing cooling energy demand and addressing the risk of overheating in low energy buildings.
The presentation focuses on natural ventilation modelling features in the IES-VE Virtual Environment and case study of the application of some of these features as part of the ASHRAE LowDown ShowDown Competition 2015.
This document describes modular air handling units (AHUs) and their components. It discusses the EU size ranges from 0.2-34 m3/s and their casing, dampers, filters, coils, heat recovery, fans, and silencers. It provides details on materials, performance standards, installation, and maintenance for these various components. The purpose is to outline the technical specifications and options for modular AHUs to assist in selection and documentation.
This document describes a circuit that can detect air flow using an incandescent light bulb filament. The filament acts as a sensor, with its resistance dropping when air flows over it due to convective cooling. This resistance change is amplified by an LM339 operational amplifier and used to vary the brightness of an LED, providing a visual indication of the air flow rate. The circuit also includes voltage regulators to provide stable power and can be used to detect air flow in industrial, medical, or automotive applications.
This document describes an airflow detector circuit design. The circuit uses an incandescent bulb as a sensor, whose resistance varies with airflow. An op-amp compares the bulb's resistance to detect changes in airflow. When airflow is detected, the LED brightness varies proportionally. The circuit provides a visual indication of airflow and can monitor ventilation systems, cooling fans, and other applications where undetected changes in airflow could be dangerous or costly.
Data Center Cooling Design - Datacenter-serverroommarlisaclark
Keep your data center cool and healthy with our smart Data Center Cooling Design which makes sure your data centers never get exhausted and work efficiently. Visit: http://www.datacenter-serverroom.com/rack-row-room-data-center-cooling
Data Center Cooling System Design: Reducing Cooling Costs and Power Consumpti...SimScale
Adequate data center rack cooling with the highest possible energy efficiency is one of the most critical aspects of DCIM. It is crucial to ensure sufficient mixing in the cold aisle, which is mainly depending on the supply flow rate and temperature.
This presentation was used in a free webinar hosted by SimScale, a cloud-based simulation platform. Watch the recording below to learn how computational fluid dynamics simulations can help you reduce the cooling cost of an existing data center by optimizing the supply air temperature and the supply air flow rate, based on the CFD results and cost functions.
- Webinar recording:
https://www.simscale.com/webinars-workshops/reduce-cooling-cost-data-centers/
- Blog article:
https://www.simscale.com/blog/2018/05/data-center-power-consumption/
- Simulation project template: https://www.simscale.com/projects/vaibhav_s/data_center_cooling_rci_1/
This document provides an overview of a course on heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The course objectives are to define air conditioning and refrigeration systems, discuss different types and applications, discuss terms associated with performance, and describe underlying scientific principles. Key topics covered include classification of HVAC systems, applications, refrigeration and air conditioning definitions, sensible and latent heat processes, heat transfer methods, and refrigeration capacity units.
This document discusses data center efficiency and preparation. It begins with an overview of data centers, including their main components, energy metrics like PUE, consumption trends over time, and strategies some companies use regarding location and cooling. It then covers classifications like the Uptime Institute tiers and TIA standards. Finally, it details various preparation considerations around the data center like raising the floor, identifying spaces, rack positioning, cabling, cooling systems, and air flow management.
Gaining Data Center Cooling Efficiency Through Airflow ManagementUpsite Technologies
This presentation highlights research from Upsite Technologies regarding the latest best in data center airflow management and cooling, including steps to improvement. Originally delivered by Upsite President John Thornell at the AFCOM Boston-New England Chapter meeting.
The segmentation of data centers into alternating hot and cold aisles is an established best practice. A number of manufacturers are taking this premise of airflow separation a step further by marketing "containment" solutions. By containing the hot or cold aisle, the air paths have little chance to mix, presenting data center operators with both reliability and efficiency gains.
To view the recording of the webinar presentation, please visit http://www.42u.com/webinars/Aisle-Containment-Webinar/playback.htm
When developing data center energy-use estimations, engineers must account for all sources of energy use in the facility. Most energy consumption is obvious: computers, cooling plant and related equipment, lighting, and other miscellaneous electrical loads. Designing efficient and effective data centers is a top priority for consulting engineers. Cooling is a large portion of data center energy use, second only to the IT load. Although there are several options to help maximize HVAC efficiency and minimize energy consumption, data centers come in many shapes, sizes, and configurations. By developing a deep understanding of their client’s data center HVAC requirements, consulting engineers can help maintain the necessary availability level of mission critical applications while reducing energy consumption.
General overview of HVAC Technology
General overview of VRF Technology
Benefits of VRF
General overview of Refrigerant
General overview of Ton
General overview of Compressor
Air conditioning units are major home appliances designed to control the temperature and humidity in your home. There are many Air Conditioner alternatives designed to meet your specific need. It is very important to know what type of AC you need to meet your need.
Understanding HVAC systems is essential for its proper maintenance. Quarterly maintenance of your HVAC systems is important to extend the system’s lifespan and save hundreds of dollars on unexpected repairs. Regular maintenance of residential HVAC systems is essential when it comes not only to the proper function of boilers, furnaces, and AC units but also for better energy efficiency and in-home air quality. A properly maintained HVAC system can cut hydro costs from five to ten percent, as well as improving comfort and air quality.
For More info:
https://sierraair.ca/residential/
This document provides an overview of basic air conditioning concepts and typical all-air HVAC systems. It describes the major components, including coils, fans, dampers, and control systems. Typical AC units discussed are rooftop packages, split systems, chilled water air handlers, and VAV systems. The document also outlines equipment types, control types, and provides some basic rules of thumb for HVAC design and operation.
Data Center Cooling Efficiency: Understanding the Science of the 4 Delta T'sUpsite Technologies
While the term Delta T may be commonly used in the industry, there is much misunderstanding about where and why temperatures are changing in computer rooms. While two ΔT’s are commonly known, there are actually four different ΔT’s which contribute to the health of the data center. Understanding the sources of these differences and measuring them in your site provides insight about how to further improve the efficiency and capacity of computer room cooling.
Presented by:
Lars Strong, P.E., Senior Engineer, Upsite Technologies
Cooling Optimization 101: A Beginner's Guide to Data Center CoolingUpsite Technologies
As new personnel enter the industry, they are often bombarded with a slew of buzz words and marketing messages that would lead them to believe that data centers almost run themselves. And while monitoring and DCIM solutions are improving the management of power and cooling, an understanding of the fundamental science is crucial to both see through the hype and get the most out of management systems. More so, as the veterans in our industry start to retire, much of the basic knowledge around power and cooling is often overlooked when training their successors. This session will provide that basic knowledge and give a fundamental understanding of the power and cooling infrastructure in a data center, with an emphasis on cooling optimization. In this session, you’ll learn how to recover stranded cooling capacity, reduce operating costs, improve IT equipment reliability, and prolong the life and capacity of the data center.
ASHRAE TC9.9 - DATA CENTER STANDARD AND BEST PRACTICESglenioleonel
This document provides guidelines for power equipment used in data centers. It discusses how rising temperatures in data centers can affect power equipment, which typically has a longer lifespan than IT equipment. It categorizes power equipment by location, such as whether it is in a hot aisle or cold aisle. Recommendations are provided to improve thermal compatibility and reliability of power equipment as data center temperatures increase.
Predictive maintenance uses sensors and data analytics to predict failures in machines before they occur. It aims to replace parts that will break imminently, rather than all parts preventatively. This approach reduces costs compared to traditional preventative maintenance. Developing an effective predictive maintenance program requires understanding machine operations and economics, identifying relevant data sources, and creating predictive models. It is a collaborative process without single solutions, as each machine system presents unique challenges. The goal is finding the optimal balance of predictive efforts and resulting cost savings.
The document discusses best practices for airflow management in computer rooms and data centers. It identifies two types of computer rooms - those without and with intake air temperature problems for IT equipment. Improving airflow management (AFM) can solve intake air issues to make facilities more efficient. The document also discusses concepts like bypass airflow, recirculation, and the benefits of proper cable penetrations and containment. It provides examples of how AFM practices applied incorrectly can negatively impact cooling and presents strategies like Upsite's 4 R's methodology to optimize airflow.
The document discusses how performing HVAC load calculations using ACCA Manual J Version 8 can benefit energy raters. It provides an overview of Manual J, explaining that it establishes procedures for estimating room-by-room heating and cooling loads. Adhering to Manual J helps ensure proper sizing of HVAC equipment and elimination of comfort issues. It also discusses how factors like infiltration, duct leakage, and duct design influence load calculations and notes load calculations can enhance energy raters' skills and provide an additional revenue source.
Modelling Natural Ventilation in IES-VE: Case studies & Research OutlookDaniel Coakley
Presented at Technical Seminar: Ventilative Cooling & Overheating Risk - Cork Institute of Technology, 20th April 2016
This half day seminar for researchers, designers, engineers & architects, is organised in collaboration with IEA-EBC Annex 62 and will present state of the art in utilising ventilation for reducing cooling energy demand and addressing the risk of overheating in low energy buildings.
The presentation focuses on natural ventilation modelling features in the IES-VE Virtual Environment and case study of the application of some of these features as part of the ASHRAE LowDown ShowDown Competition 2015.
This document describes modular air handling units (AHUs) and their components. It discusses the EU size ranges from 0.2-34 m3/s and their casing, dampers, filters, coils, heat recovery, fans, and silencers. It provides details on materials, performance standards, installation, and maintenance for these various components. The purpose is to outline the technical specifications and options for modular AHUs to assist in selection and documentation.
This document describes a circuit that can detect air flow using an incandescent light bulb filament. The filament acts as a sensor, with its resistance dropping when air flows over it due to convective cooling. This resistance change is amplified by an LM339 operational amplifier and used to vary the brightness of an LED, providing a visual indication of the air flow rate. The circuit also includes voltage regulators to provide stable power and can be used to detect air flow in industrial, medical, or automotive applications.
This document describes an airflow detector circuit design. The circuit uses an incandescent bulb as a sensor, whose resistance varies with airflow. An op-amp compares the bulb's resistance to detect changes in airflow. When airflow is detected, the LED brightness varies proportionally. The circuit provides a visual indication of airflow and can monitor ventilation systems, cooling fans, and other applications where undetected changes in airflow could be dangerous or costly.
This Report describes about the Air flow detector project. It includes abstract, circuit diagram, principle, component values, working operation, proteus simulation and PCB layout.
There are two main types of air monitoring devices: mass air flow sensors (MAF) and manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensors. MAF sensors measure the mass of air entering the engine and are either vane-style or hot-wire sensors. MAP sensors measure vacuum and pressure in the intake manifold. Together these sensors provide engine control units with critical data on air intake used to optimize fuel injection, ignition timing, and other engine functions. Common issues with air monitoring sensors include contamination, leaks, electrical faults, and degradation over time.
This document describes a circuit designed to detect air flow using a filament from an incandescent light bulb. The circuit uses the filament, which has a resistance that varies with temperature. Air flow cools the filament, lowering its resistance and causing the brightness of an LED to increase, indicating air flow. The circuit includes voltage regulators and comparators to sense the resistance changes in the filament and control the LED output. It can detect air flow and has applications in industries, medical devices, and monitoring air systems.
Airflow is a platform created by Airbnb to automate and schedule workflows. It uses a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure to define dependencies between tasks, and allows scheduling tasks on a timetable or triggering them manually. Some key features include monitoring task status, resuming failed tasks, backfilling historical data, and a web-based user interface. While additional databases are required for high availability, Airflow provides a flexible way to model complex data workflows as code.
The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 13 of ThermoThermodynamicsdynamics by Çengel and Boles on gas-vapor mixtures and air conditioning. It discusses air-water vapor mixtures and how properties like enthalpy, humidity, and temperature are defined for moist air. Common air conditioning processes like heating, cooling, humidifying and dehumidifying are analyzed using steady-flow mass and energy balances. Psychrometric charts are introduced to depict properties of air at various conditions.
The document provides information about testing engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensors, including:
1) ECT sensors measure engine coolant temperature which the computer uses to control spark timing, fuel mixture, and other functions.
2) ECT sensors have high resistance when cold and low resistance when hot, exhibiting a negative temperature coefficient.
3) ECT sensors can be tested by measuring resistance with a multimeter and comparing to specifications, or by comparing the temperature displayed on a scan tool to the actual coolant temperature.
The document discusses the science of psychrometry, which deals with air-water vapor mixtures. It defines key psychrometric properties like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and specific humidity. It also explains various psychrometric processes like sensible heating and cooling, humidification, dehumidification, and adiabatic mixing. The psychrometric chart is introduced as a tool for analyzing these processes. Finally, the document discusses factors that affect human thermal comfort like air temperature, humidity, and heat transfer methods in buildings.
This document discusses electronic control units (ECUs) and engine management systems (EMSs) for vehicle engines. It lists common sensors used in EMSs, including primary sensors like the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor and mass air flow (MAF) sensor. It describes the functions of control systems in different stages and standard ECU modules like the powertrain control module. It outlines the advantages of ECUs/EMSs and features like onboard diagnostics. It also discusses auto tuning through reflashing the ECU software map.
Tiga bahagian utama dalam sistem saluran udara HVAC ialah reducer, take off, dan plenums. Reducer mengecilkan aliran udara, take off menyalurkan udara ke cabang, dan plenums menjadi pusat pengagihan dan pengembalian udara.
This document discusses various types of instrumentation that can be used to measure airflow parameters, especially in healthcare settings. It describes instruments that can measure air velocity, volume, and pressure, including pitot tubes, anemometers, micromanometers, balometers, and fan test equipment. These instruments are suitable for measuring airflow in operating theaters, cleanrooms, and other areas to verify parameters like supply/extract airflow. The document also mentions instrument rental, calibration, and sales services available.
The document summarizes an LFD (Low Flow Detector) device created by Water Flow Technologies to address water loss issues. The management team is listed, along with the problems of non-revenue water from leaks, theft, and meter inaccuracies costing 5-15% of unmeasured flow. The patented LFD solution fits into existing pipes, enables low flow reading to increase revenue 5-10%, increases leak awareness, and prevents overbilling from air flow. With a global market of 700M replacement meters every 5 years, the business strategy is to license the LFD to key manufacturers in each market. The product has completed R&D and pilots in Israel and the US, and the first licensing agreement is nearing finalization
OBD or On-Board Diagnostics refers to a system for emission control which has the capability to detect a malfunction and to store the related information in nonvolatile memory. The OBD system monitors the emission relevant components or systems, stores detected malfunctions indicating likely area of malfunction and activates Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) if necessary. On-board diagnostics, required by governmental regulations, provide a means for reducing harmful pollutants into the environment. Since being mandated in 2010 in India, the regulations have continued to evolve and require engineers to design systems that meet strict guidelines. The OBD system has a microcontroller based processing system and monitors the sensors installed at different parts of vehicle to observe various emission related parameters and emission control system/devices, processing unit will take input from these sensors and signal conditioners, calculate the real-time values of vehicle parameters and give output. System will be able to diagnose faults in parameters, abnormal abrupt changes, notify user of any abnormal condition, and indicate the cause of fault. The OBD system is installed in vehicles to improve in house emission compliance by alerting the vehicle operator when a malfunction exists and to aid automobile repair technicians in identifying and repairing malfunctioning systems in the emission control system.
Dokumen ini membahas sistem HVAC yang digunakan pada kereta api, yang menggunakan mesin pendingin siklus kompresi uap seperti pada mobil dan bus. Setiap gerbong kereta memiliki sistem pengkondisi udara tersendiri dengan perbedaan pada penggerak kompresornya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan sejarah kereta api dari segi propulsi dan rel serta sistem pendinginan udara yang digunakan pada kereta.
Ventilation Rate, Proper Sizing and Accessories haroldtaylor1113
For residential buildings, which mostly rely on infiltration for meeting their ventilation needs, the common ventilation rate measure is the number of times the whole interior volume of air is replaced per hour, and is called air changes per hour (I or ACH; units of 1/h). During the winter, ACH may range from 0.50 to 0.41 in a tightly insulated house to 1.11 to 1.47 in a loosely insulated house
The document provides information on converting between different types of mass air flow (MAF) sensors used in Volkswagen TDI diesel engines. It describes circuits using resistors that can accurately convert the output signal of one MAF type to match the expected signal of another, allowing different MAF sensors to be used interchangeably. The simple, low-cost circuits are fault tolerant and can operate over a wide temperature range without needing integrated circuits. Instructions and schematics are provided for converting between Pierburg and Bosch MAF sensors.
This user guide provides instructions for using the OBD Car Doctor Android application to view real-time vehicle parameters and diagnostic trouble codes from a smartphone. It discusses requirements like compatible OBD hardware, connecting the hardware to the vehicle, and downloading the app. The guide also explains the app's main interface and options for viewing single parameters, widgets, trouble codes, and saved logbook records. Advanced features of the paid PRO version like custom command combinations are also described.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang sistem penjanaan dan pengagihan udara, khususnya tentang pemampat udara. Ia menjelaskan jenis-jenis pemampat udara seperti pemampat anjakan positif dan dinamik, serta komponen-komponen penting seperti silinder, piston, injap sedutan dan injap hantaran. Dokumen ini juga membahas hukum dan persamaan yang berkaitan dengan udara mampat seperti hukum Boyles, tekanan
This document discusses data center air flow management solutions from Wright Line. It outlines industry trends showing rising energy consumption and costs from data centers. Common problems in data centers include outdated designs and lack of airflow management. Wright Line strategies and products aim to contain hot and cold air streams to improve separation and efficiency. These include aisle containment solutions to reduce wasted cooling and capture higher return air temperatures for increased cooling capacity and chiller efficiency.
This document discusses options for data center owners and operators to consider when their aging infrastructure may no longer meet current or future needs. As digital traffic and the internet of things continue to grow rapidly, data center infrastructure is facing unprecedented challenges. The document outlines various strategies to evaluate such as tuning up existing facilities, targeted modernization of critical components, adopting pod-based architectures, and building new infrastructure to right-size capacity. Each option involves analyzing business needs, costs, efficiency gains, and potential downtime to determine the best path forward.
ScottMadden has developed an approach for analyzing data center requirements and driving improvements in existing data center retrofits. Our approach takes into account the technological requirements, the physical attributes of a data center, and the requirements for a rigorous measurement and verification program needed to ensure improvements actually capture the energy efficiently gains and the resultant greenhouse gas reductions.
Our approach addresses the latest trends in data center management such as virtualization and cloud computing and provide a framework for developing metrics needed to drive changes in data center performance.
Commercial Overview DC Session 4 Introduction To Energy In The Data Centrepaul_mathews
The document discusses energy usage in data centres, noting that IT equipment accounts for 40% of energy consumption while cooling and ventilation makes up 35%. It also outlines metrics for measuring data centre efficiency like PUE and DCIE and discusses factors that influence energy consumption from cooling systems, UPS systems, and the external environment. Standards and legislation from organizations like the EU and US aim to improve data centre energy efficiency and reduce costs and environmental impact.
Enhance your aged infrastructure without impacting operationsEaton Electrical
Data centers are built for multi-year lifecycles, but technology and business continue to evolve, making the infrastructure less than optimal. How do you take a former high-performance facility and transform it to meet today’s business and environmental needs without “throwing it all away” – and maintaining full operations?
Explore how H5 Data Centers upgraded its Denver facility to meet efficiency goals with a flexible solution that addresses its growing demands and ensures reliability and scalability. As a colocation provider, H5 Data Centers needed to ensure 100 percent continuous uptime for a broad set of customers while transforming its 20+-year-old facility to a modern standard.
The Future of Data Warehousing: ETL Will Never be the SameCloudera, Inc.
Traditional data warehouse ETL has become too slow, too complicated, and too expensive to address the torrent of new data sources and new analytic approaches needed for decision making. The new ETL environment is already looking drastically different.
In this webinar, Ralph Kimball, founder of the Kimball Group, and Manish Vipani, Vice President and Chief Architect of Enterprise Architecture at Kaiser Permanente will describe how this new ETL environment is actually implemented at Kaiser Permanente. They will describe the successes, the unsolved challenges, and their visions of the future for data warehouse ETL.
Electricity use and efficiency of servers and data centers was reviewed. Recent data shows that in 2005, servers accounted for 1.2% of total US electricity use and data centers including servers, networking and cooling accounted for 1.5% of US electricity use. Total electricity use of servers and data centers is expected to increase by 40-76% by 2010 based on current growth forecasts. Opportunities for improving efficiency include whole system redesign, aligning incentives, virtualization, consolidation, and new more efficient server designs like Intel's Eco-Rack which can provide 16-18% savings over standard racks.
Case Study: Datotel Extended the Power of Infrastructure Management to the Ph...CA Technologies
Learn how Datotel, a provider of cloud computing, co-location and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is using CA DCIM to help run their data centers more efficiently.
For more information on DevOps solutions from CA Technologies, please visit: http://bit.ly/1wbjjqX
Retrofit, build, or go cloud/colo? Choosing your best directionSchneider Electric
When faced with the decision of upgrading an existing data center, building a new data center or leasing space in a third party colocation data center, there are both quantitative and qualitative differences to consider. This session reviews several key factors to help make a sound decision including a business’ sensitivity to cash flow, deployment timeframe, data center life expectancy, regulatory requirements, and other strategic factors.
Retrofit, build, or go cloud/colo? Choosing your best directionSchneider Electric
When faced with the decision of upgrading an existing data center, building a new data center or leasing space in a third party colocation data center, there are both quantitative and qualitative differences to consider. This session reviews several key factors to help make a sound decision including a business’ sensitivity to cash flow, deployment timeframe, data center life expectancy, regulatory requirements, and other strategic factors.
The document discusses lessons learned from over 500 modular data center implementations around the world. Key lessons include: (1) Good modular design allows deferring up to 50% of electrical and mechanical capacity costs until needed, saving millions compared to retrofitting; (2) Plans should account for unpredictability over 10-30 years and support 3-5x power density growth; (3) No single cooling approach is optimal for all sizes and densities, requiring tailored solutions.
At IoT World 2017 Tom Fletcher, Vice President – Controls Engineering & Innovation, outlined key topics around the connected building transformation.
Including: Key Trends, History of Commercial HVAC, Technology-Enabled Transformation, Resulting Customer Business Outcomes, Challenges to Consider
Virtualization for efficiency: by Kathrin Winkler, The green gridDCC Mission Critical
The green grid is a not-for-profit global consortium focused on driving energy efficiency in the computing ecosystem
Developing meaningful and user-centric metrics to help IT and Facilities better manage their computing resources
Developing and promoting standards, measurement methods, best practices and technologies that support these metrics.
Energy solutions for federal facilities : How to harness sustainable savings ...Schneider Electric
Looming Mandates. Energy insecurity. Shrinking budgets. Discover solutions available today to help you tackle your energy dilemma. Take a 30K foot tour of solutions to increase energy efficiency and reliability, maximize energy ROI and enhance mission assurance. Get tips for navigating the event to make the most of your Xperience.
The document discusses the utility and limitations of PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) as a metric for datacenter efficiency. While PUE is a widely used high-level metric, it does not provide enough information on its own to optimize efficiency. To enable effective efficiency actions, more detailed energy monitoring data is needed, including power consumption at the individual IT device level trended over time. Gathering additional operational data beyond just PUE can provide insights to reduce energy waste throughout the entire datacenter system.
CopperTree Analytics Smart Building, increase energy efficiency, improve tenant comfort and reduce maintenance costs.
For more than 30 years, CopperTree’s parent company, Delta Controls (one of the largest independent building controls manufacturers), and sister company, ESC Automation (Western Canada’s largest building systems integrator), have been at the forefront of creating smart buildings. Long before “sustainable” was a buzz word, the founders were involved in energy audits and consulting; and so it was a natural extension to create CopperTree Analytics in response to the growing demand for building energy management services.
The Key to Sustainable Energy Optimization: A Data-Driven Approach for Manufa...Aggregage
Join us for a practical webinar, hosted by Kevin Kai Wong of Emergent Energy, where we'll explore how leveraging data-rich energy management solutions can drive operational excellence in the evolving landscape of energy intelligence and sustainability in manufacturing!
Implementing the Poughkeepsie Green Data CenterElisabeth Stahl
The document summarizes IBM's implementation of an energy efficient data center transformation project at their Poughkeepsie facility. Key steps included conducting thermal analysis to identify issues, reorganizing the data center into hot and cold aisles, adding rear door heat exchangers and water cooling, implementing energy management techniques like virtualization, and instrumenting the data center to monitor energy usage and results. The transformation improved power usage effectiveness while increasing computing capacity in the same footprint and providing flexibility for future growth.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.