The document discusses recent trends in vehicle engines and technologies including air assisted combustion, homogeneous charge compression ignition engines, variable geometry turbochargers, common rail direct injection systems, hybrid electric vehicles, NOx adsorbers, and onboard diagnostics. It describes homogeneous charge compression ignition engines which auto-ignite compressed fuel and air, common rail direct injection systems, and the three types of hybrid electric vehicle systems: series, parallel, and series-parallel.

1. UNIT-5 RECENT TRENDS
Air assisted Combustion, Homogeneous charge compression ignition
engines – Variable Geometry turbochargers – Common Rail Direct
Injection Systems - Hybrid Electric Vehicles – NOx Adsorbers -
Onboard Diagnostics.

2. Air assisted Combustion

3. Homogeneous charge compression ignition engines (HCCI)
HCCI is a form of internal combustion in which the fuel and air are
compressed to the point of auto ignition.

4. Common Rail Direct Injection Systems (CRDI)

5. Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Types of Hybrid system
1. Series System
2. Parallel System
3. Series parallel System
A hybrid vehicle uses two or more distinct types of power, such as internal combustion
engine plus electric motor.
Example,
• Diesel-electric trains using diesel engines and electricity from overhead lines
• Submarines that use diesels when surfaced and batteries when submerged.

6. 1. Series System

7. 2. Parallel System

8. 3. Series - Parallel System