Afforestation
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This document discusses reforestation strategies and carbon sequestration potential in Behrunguda, India. It outlines that natural regeneration costs Rs. 500 per hectare while eucalyptus plantations cost Rs. 24,000 per hectare. Natural regeneration is projected to sequester 6.3-10.9 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year, generating an annual income of Rs. 3,000-5,000 per hectare from carbon credits. Eucalyptus plantations are projected to sequester 1.4-9.5 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year, generating Rs. 700-4,750 per hectare annually from carbon credits. Monitoring methods
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This presentation formed part of the CRP6 Sentinel Landscape planning workshop held on 30 September – 1 October 2011 at CIFOR’s headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia. Further information on CRP6 and Sentinel Landscapes can be accessed from http://www.cifor.org/crp6/ and http://www.cifor.org/fileadmin/subsites/crp/CRP6-Sentinel-Landscape-workplan_2011-2014.pdf respectively.
Policy Implementation Analysis of Forest Co Management Program in Banyumas, C...
This document analyzes the implementation of a forest co-management policy in Banyumas, Central Java. It finds issues with both the content of the policy and the contextual factors. In terms of content, there are concerns about the sharing formula between stakeholders and lack of incentives for those living near protected forests. Contextually, there is a lack of coordination between the forestry agency and local governments, as well as unresponsive local forestry agencies and a lack of clear responsibilities for forest protection. Overall, the analysis concludes that community participation in policymaking and clarifying protection responsibilities are needed to more effectively implement forest co-management.
Measuring the opportunity costs of forest conservation in Uganda: Implication...
Glenn Bush, Woods Hole Research Center, USA
Nick Hanley, University of Stirling, UK
Daniel Rondeau, University of Victoria, Canada
Presentation for the conference on
Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry
Montpellier France
March 24-26, 2010
3 anja hoffmann et al pedrr workshop session 2 [compatibility mode]
Wildland fires impact ecosystems and communities around the world. Fire management aims to stabilize ecosystems and reduce wildfires and secondary disasters. Effective fire management requires understanding local ecosystems, community needs, and impacts of land use changes. Community-based approaches help increase resilience by optimizing ecosystem services and linking them to sustainable fire management.
PES tools from ICRAF
The document discusses tools developed by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) for assessing agroforestry systems, water harvesting, conservation agriculture, and negotiating environmental services payments. ICRAF has developed rapid assessment tools to evaluate carbon stocks, biodiversity, hydrology, agrobiodiversity, landslides, and drivers of land use change. These tools help support negotiations around payments for environmental services in Southeast Asia by providing quick appraisals of biophysical and socioeconomic factors. The tools are available online through ICRAF's library to help communities, researchers and policymakers evaluate landscape management options.
Day 1 session 3.1 evalutions of pilot payments for forest environmental serv...
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy 2013. Presentation from Sessions 3 &5: Extending the benefits of hydropower: Clever suggestion or realistic goal?
Presentation on REDD application for Pakistan Saadullah Ayaz
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD/REDD+) has the potential to help Pakistan mitigate climate change. Forests represent a significant carbon stock and sink, but Pakistan is losing about 2,700 hectares of forest per year through deforestation. If this deforestation could be fully avoided and compensated through REDD+, it could generate $94.74 million to $315.8 million annually for Pakistan depending on the price of carbon credits. However, there are also risks involved and Pakistan would need to improve its capacity and address drivers of deforestation before implementing a REDD+ program.
CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry
Presentation by Frances Seymour, Director General of CIFOR
CGIAR Research Program on
Forests, Trees and Agroforestry at Third Meeting of the Independent Science Partnership Council event
M030101073078
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Locating and mapping peatlands: workshop for national
This presentation was presented by SWAMP Team at FAO Mapping workshop, Global Peatlands Initiative on 30 March 2021
Bakarr 2 2006 29th september
Agroforestry can play an important role in biodiversity conservation by reducing pressure on natural forests, providing habitat for plant and animal species, and serving as a beneficial land use between fragmented landscapes. There are several principles of agroforestry that support biodiversity conservation, such as maintaining genetic diversity, protecting ecological processes, and improving landscape management for livelihoods and biodiversity. For agroforestry to be further mainstreamed in biodiversity conservation, its principles need to be integrated into landscape conservation planning and linked to global environmental policies and incentives that support small farmers' conservation-friendly practices.
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Session 3.6 can pes steer sustainable mgt of of forest patches
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Fobissie Kalame: What Matters for Adaptation: Forest Access or Ownership?
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Community forestry in Madagascar: A boom and burst history?
Community forestry in Madagascar: A boom and burst history?
Nature’s anonymous donor: The hidden contribution of forests to rural livelih...
Nature’s anonymous donor: The hidden contribution of forests to rural livelih...
Demystifying the Role of Agroforestry in Biodiversity Conservation Mohamed I ...
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Sentinel Landscapes and Component 3: links in the CRP6
Sentinel Landscapes and Component 3: links in the CRP6
Policy Implementation Analysis of Forest Co Management Program in Banyumas, C...
Policy Implementation Analysis of Forest Co Management Program in Banyumas, C...
Measuring the opportunity costs of forest conservation in Uganda: Implication...
Measuring the opportunity costs of forest conservation in Uganda: Implication...
3 anja hoffmann et al pedrr workshop session 2 [compatibility mode]
3 anja hoffmann et al pedrr workshop session 2 [compatibility mode]
Day 1 session 3.1 evalutions of pilot payments for forest environmental serv...
Day 1 session 3.1 evalutions of pilot payments for forest environmental serv...
Presentation on REDD application for Pakistan Saadullah Ayaz
Presentation on REDD application for Pakistan Saadullah Ayaz
CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry
CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry
Locating and mapping peatlands: workshop for national
Locating and mapping peatlands: workshop for national
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Bhopal gas km
The Bhopal Gas Tragedy was one of the worst industrial disasters, occurring on December 3rd, 1984 in Bhopal, India. A leak of methyl isocyanate gas from a Union Carbide pesticide plant exposed hundreds of thousands of people, resulting in over 20,000 deaths and 120,000 permanently disabled victims. Contributing factors included lax safety standards, abandoned safety systems for cost savings, and the highly toxic and unstable nature of methyl isocyanate gas stored on site. The disaster highlights the human and environmental costs of improperly managed hazardous chemicals.
Trafficking
This document provides an overview of human trafficking. It discusses that trafficking violates human dignity and rights. The main forms of trafficking are for sexual exploitation and forced labor. Victims are commonly women and children. Trafficking occurs both within countries and across borders. Schools are used to target at-risk youth. Warning signs for schools include unexplained absences and signs of abuse. Schools can help by educating staff, implementing reporting policies, and offering prevention programs. Globally, millions of people are trafficked each year.
EcofEminism
Ecofeminism links feminism and ecology by arguing that the exploitation and domination of women is connected to the exploitation and domination of the environment. Ecofeminists believe this connection is illustrated through values like reciprocity, nurturing and cooperation that are present in both women and nature. Additionally, ecofeminists draw connections between natural phenomena like menstruation and moon cycles or childbirth and creation. Women and nature are also united through their shared history of oppression by patriarchal Western society.
Bishnoi movement ppt
The Bishnoi movement was an environmental movement started in the 1700s in Rajasthan, India led by Amrita Devi and Bishnoi villagers. They sacrificed themselves to protect sacred khejri trees from being cut down by the king's soldiers. Over 363 Bishnoi villagers were killed for hugging the trees. The king was informed and stopped the logging, designating the area as protected. The Bishnoi movement laid down 29 principles forbidding harm to trees and animals and inspired later environmental movements like Chipko.
West himalaya
The document summarizes the six primary lithotectonic zones of the Himalayas from west to east. These include: 1) the Trans-Himalayan batholith consisting of igneous rocks representing an island arc environment in the west and Andean-type environment in the east, 2) the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone marking the zone of collision and subduction of the Tethys Ocean, 3) the Tethyan Himalaya zone containing unmetamorphosed marine sediments deposited on the Indian continental shelf, 4) the Higher Himalaya zone comprised of metamorphosed rocks representing multiphase deformation, 5) the Lesser Himalaya zone containing sedimentary rocks from
Reducing urban heat island effects
This document summarizes a case study on reducing urban heat island effects to achieve energy consumption balance. It discusses how urban heat islands form due to factors like population density, building materials, and lack of vegetation. This increases energy consumption for cooling. The study explores the relationship between population size, urban heat island intensity, and corresponding energy usage. It concludes that landscape design using appropriate materials and promoting natural ventilation can help minimize the impact of urban heat islands on energy consumption.
Status of diseases asa result of climate change in Kolkata Metropolitan
Climate change is affecting health in West Bengal, India in several ways. Rising temperatures and erratic rainfall are increasing water-borne diseases like cholera, acute diarrhea, and enteric fever. Vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, kala-azar, and chikungunya are also increasing due to warming temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. Vulnerable groups like children and the poor are most at risk. Climate change is allowing some diseases to spread to new areas as conditions change. Extreme heat is also causing more heat-related illnesses and deaths. More intense cyclones due to warming oceans threaten more deaths and damage as well. Water-borne diseases are expected to rise due to more flooding from heavy rain and
Trumphets in trouble
Climate change is having significant negative impacts on Indian elephant populations. Rising temperatures, even slight increases of just a few degrees, can substantially increase elephant mortality, especially in calves. Higher temperatures also reduce food availability and increase risks of drought, disease, and heat stroke. Migration patterns are being disrupted as rainfall patterns change. The endangered Asian elephant population is already threatened and unable to adapt quickly to climate change, putting the long-term survival of the species at risk in India. Conservation efforts may need to change to address new threats from climate impacts.
Biodiversity of sunderban
(1) The Indian Sundarbans Delta spans over 9,630 square kilometers between West Bengal and Bangladesh. It contains extensive forest reserves and wildlife sanctuaries that are home to diverse flora and fauna.
(2) The Sundarbans mangrove forest contains over 60 genera of plants including Sundari and Gewa trees. It supports many threatened animal species such as the royal Bengal tiger, fishing cat, and Gangetic dolphin.
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Save our pride
The Sunderban mangrove forest is home to the largest population of Royal Bengal Tigers, with around 274 tigers estimated according to a 2004 census. The tigers are under threat due to shrinking habitat as the mangroves are diminishing, as well as due to poaching and conflicts with humans as more tigers become man-eaters from losing natural prey. Conservation efforts are needed to protect the tigers and their habitat in order to prevent the possible extinction of the species from the Sunderbans region by 2024 if destruction continues at the current rate.
Annual fishing operation at Talsari 2013
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Sunderban
The document discusses the Sunderbans, a vast mangrove forest located in the Ganges Delta region of India and Bangladesh. It is the largest mangrove forest in the world, covering over 1 million hectares of land and water. The Indian Sunderbans portion lies within West Bengal and contains diverse mangrove flora and fauna, including the endangered Royal Bengal Tiger. However, the ecosystem faces numerous threats from human activities like population growth, deforestation, pollution, and natural disasters. Proper management is needed to protect the fragile ecosystem and local communities that depend on its resources.
Presentation1.pptx save sundarbon
The document discusses the Sundarbans region located between India and Bangladesh. It covers the biodiversity found in the Sundarbans including mangrove species of flora and fauna such as tigers, deer, and crabs. Threats to the biodiversity are discussed like hunting, fishing practices, and trapping of birds. The document also outlines hazards and disasters that have impacted the region like cyclones and floods. The effects of climate change are described as well as existing and potential future economic practices in the Sundarbans. Finally, several experimental projects focused on monitoring, mapping, education, and establishing an information center are highlighted.
Shakya
The document discusses the changing relationship between humans and the environment over time. It covers the following topics in 3 sentences:
Primitive societies lived in a state of primitive communism where all members shared what was produced from hunting and gathering. Feudal systems introduced private property and surplus production. Modern societies have progressed through capitalism, industrialization, post-industrialization, and now face issues around overpopulation, resource depletion, and environmental degradation.
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyImproving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyEvolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：6496090
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How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
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Afforestation
- 14. A&R programs are part of forest development in the district Increased participation of local communities JFM (CFM program) – ongoing Will adopt guidelines of this program Socio-economic development of forest-dependent communities through increased Biomass supply NTFP supply
- 15. Baseline status ofBaseline status of landland Tenure/Tenure/ OwnershipOwnership Dependence ofDependence of communitycommunity DegradedDegraded secondary forestsecondary forest Reserve forest –Reserve forest – Forest Dept.Forest Dept. Subject toSubject to excessiveexcessive extractionextraction Degraded teakDegraded teak Reserve forest –Reserve forest – Forest Dept.Forest Dept. CroplandCropland Private - FarmersPrivate - Farmers MarginalMarginal cropping / fallowcropping / fallow
- 16. Natural regeneration costs – Behrunguda Plantation cost – AP FD CER units for forest carbon estimates are Rs. 500/MtC/yr ($10) Current prices lower Type ofType of reforestationreforestation strategystrategy EstablishmentEstablishment costcost (Rs/ha)(Rs/ha) Projected CProjected C sequesteredsequestered (MtC/ha/yr)(MtC/ha/yr) Gross annualGross annual income fromincome from CERs (Rs/ha/yr)CERs (Rs/ha/yr) NaturalNatural regenerationregeneration 500500 6.3 to 10.96.3 to 10.9 3000-50003000-5000 EucalyptusEucalyptus plantationplantation 2400024000 1.4 to 9.51.4 to 9.5 700-4750700-4750
- 17. ParameterParameter MethodsMethods Data to beData to be monitoredmonitored FrequencyFrequency InstitutionalInstitutional arrangementarrangement Survival rateSurvival rate Quadrats –Quadrats – countingcounting No. ofNo. of seedlingsseedlings AnnualAnnual ParticipatoryParticipatory BiomassBiomass growthgrowth Quadrats –Quadrats – measuremeasure DBH &DBH & heightheight Basal areaBasal area AnnualAnnual ResearchResearch TeamTeam Soil carbonSoil carbon Field methodsField methods Soil samplingSoil sampling Lab estimationLab estimation of soil Cof soil C Soil organicSoil organic carboncarbon Once in 2Once in 2 yearsyears ResearchResearch team orteam or EducationalEducational institutioninstitution
- 19. Ministry of Environment and CES Community Forestry International