The document discusses the Sundarbans region located between India and Bangladesh. It covers the biodiversity found in the Sundarbans including mangrove species of flora and fauna such as tigers, deer, and crabs. Threats to the biodiversity are discussed like hunting, fishing practices, and trapping of birds. The document also outlines hazards and disasters that have impacted the region like cyclones and floods. The effects of climate change are described as well as existing and potential future economic practices in the Sundarbans. Finally, several experimental projects focused on monitoring, mapping, education, and establishing an information center are highlighted.

1. PROTECTING SUNDARBAN A REAL
CHALLANGE

2. SUNDARBAN -THE LOWER
GANGATIC DELTA
Sundarban extends from India to Bangladesh with
14,300 sq km area of which the major part lies in
Bangladesh. North 24 pargana has 6 blocks &
South 24 pargana has13 blocks. Indian part of
Sundarban have 4,267 sqkm area of which only
2,347 sq km is covered by forest .21 th August is
celebrated as the sundarban day for it is our
national heritage.

3. BIODIVERSITY OF SUNDARBAN
(FLORA)
D.Prain (1903)- 1.Southern coastal strip & south western part
mainly mangrove species
Rhizophora sp. , Arthrocnemum sp. Sonneratia sp.,
Phoenix sp.
2.Central zone of Heritiera
Heritiera fomes , Pandanus sp. ,
3.North- eastern part of Savannah type
vegetation. Saccharum sp. Andropogon sp.
Oberonia sp. , Cirrhopetalum roxburghii (Endamic)
Halophytic fern - Acrostichum aureum , Drymoglossum
pilosselloides

4. BIODIVERSITY OF SUNDARBAN
(FAUNA)
1. Diversity of animal is vast, however we find little difference (The
Royal Bengal Tiger being an exception )in faunal component of
sundarban with that of any other forest .
2. Places of animal assamblage – Marine
Limnobiotic
Terrestrial
Spotted deer (Axis axis), Mud skipper ,Fiddler crab, Royal bengal tiger,

5. THREATS AND CONSERVATION OF
BIODIVERSITY
HUNTING
OF
TIGERS
DESTRUCTION OF
OTHER ORGANISM
DURING
PRAWN SEEDLING
, FISHING
TRAPING
OF BIRDS
AS PETS
POACHING
OF
DEER,WILD
PIG,
REPTILES
ETC.
MERCILESS
KILLING OF
CROCODILE
TIGER
PROGECT
AWARENESS &
PRIMARY
EDUCATION
MODIFICATION IN
THE SIZE OF FISHING
NET & GENERAL
AWARENESS
CROCODILE
FARMING
GENERAL
AWARENESS

6. HAZARDS & DISASTERS
(1948-2009)
YEAR CALAMITES YEAR CALAMITES
1948 Cyclone 1973 Cyclone ,Flood
1956 Cyclone 1976 Flood
1960 Cyclone 1978 Flood
1961 Cyclone 1979 Famine
1962 Cyclone 1981 Cyclone
1965 Cyclone 1991 Chattagram
1966 Flood 2007 Sidr
1968 Super
cyclone
2008 Nargis
1970 Bhola 2009 Ayla

7. EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
ON SUNDARBAN ECOSYSTEM &
SOCIAL LIFE
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
ON ECOSYSTEM ON SOCIAL LIFE
1. ANNUAL TEMPERATURE RISE BY 0.4
DEGREE CELSIUS. LEADING TO CYCLONIC
STORM & FLOOD.
2. RISE IN SEE LAVEL BY 4 mm EVERY
YEAR. LEADING TO INCREASED SALINITY
& DECREASED SWEET WATER FLOW.
• TOP DRYING DISEASE
• ALTERATION IN SPECIES COMBINATION
• AFFECTED PLANT SUCCESSION
• LOSS OF VALUEABLE WILD LIFE
3. INCREASE IN SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURE BY 0.5
DEGREE CELSIUS.
4. VARIATION IN DISSOLVED OXYGEN, PH LEVEL,
TRANSPIRANCY ,WATER QUALITY.
1.REDUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL LAND.
2. CHANGE IN LIVELI HOOD
3. LOSS OF HABITAT.
4.LOSS OF HUMAN LIVES.

8. EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS IN
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT……
EXISTING ECONOMIC PRACTICES :-
1.SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
2.FISHERIES ,
3. APICULTURE
4. TIMBER FROM Casuarina sp.
WAYS TO IMPROVE ECONOMY OF
SUNDARBAN :-
1.SOCIOECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME.
2. DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS INDUSTRIES USING SEA WATER RESOURCES, SEA
WATER HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECT.
3. MORE FISHERIES , APICULTURE,PEARL CULTURE, SERICULTURE, SILVICULTURE.
4. ENCOURAGEMENT OF WILDLIFE, SEMI AQUATIC & SALINE BELT FLORA & FAUNA .

9. EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS IN
DEVELOPMENTAL PLANNING
1. Monitoring Soil and Water Quality Within Sundarban Reserve Forests - conducted
by Institute of Environmental Studies & Wetland Management.
2. Software Development for Tiger Pugmark Analysis - conducted by Indian
Statistical Institute.
3. Preparation of Classified Mangrove Vegetation Map using Remote Sensing or
Geographical Information System - conducted by National Remote Sensing
Agency.
4. Status of Avifauna within Sundarban Reserve Forest and Non-Forest Areas of
Sundarban Biosphere Reserve - conducted by Prakriti Samsad, a Non-
Government Organisation.
5. Environment Awareness & Education Programme Among Teachers, Students
and Villagers of Sundarban - conducted by World Wildlife Fund - India, a Non-
Government Organisation.
6. Establishment of Sundarban Biosphere Resource Information Centre -
conducted Jointly by Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management
and Botanical Survey of India.