Advance in genetic engineering ppt
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This document discusses the process of transforming plant cells through genetic engineering techniques like tissue culture. It describes how a new gene can be inserted into plant cells via transformation methods using Agrobacterium tumefaciens or particle bombardment. The transformed cells are then able to be regenerated into whole plants through tissue culture, where plant cells are grown in petri dishes to form undifferentiated callus cells that can further differentiate into entire plants. Selectable marker genes are also used to identify transformed cells growing in culture.
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Advances in Genetics (5.3)
Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms. It is used to produce large volumes of medicine by inserting useful DNA from one organism into bacteria, which then reproduces and produces the medicine. Gene therapy is another form of genetic engineering where the goal is to replace abnormal genetic material with normal material, and may help treat genetic disorders by placing normal DNA in a virus to deliver it to target cells. Recombinant DNA is made by inserting useful DNA from one organism into bacteria, which then reproduces itself and the recombinant DNA.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are created through recombinant DNA technology by inserting foreign genes into the animal's genome. This is done to improve livestock, use animals as bioreactors for pharmaceutical production, and for research purposes. The main methods of creating transgenic animals are DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, embryonic stem cell transfer, and sperm-mediated gene transfer. Examples include transgenic cows that produce more nutritious milk, pigs with genes to reduce environmental pollution, and mice used widely as model organisms. While transgenic animals have benefits, there are also ethical concerns regarding animal welfare and unintended environmental impacts.
Production of transgenic organism
The document discusses the production of transgenic organisms. It defines key terms like transgenic, transgene, and transgenesis. It explains that a transgene is a foreign gene deliberately inserted into an organism's genome, making it transgenic. The common methods to produce transgenic animals are pronuclear microinjection and embryonic stem cell methods. The document provides examples of important transgenic animals and their applications in medicine, agriculture, and research.
Transgenic animals - A brief review
Transgenic animals are animals whose genomes have been altered by the addition of foreign DNA. There are three main methods for creating transgenic animals: retroviral vector method, DNA microinjection, and using engineered embryonic stem cells. Many transgenic animals have been created successfully for various purposes, including glowing zebrafish, faster growing salmon, Alzheimer's disease mouse models, and the first transgenic monkey. Transgenic technology holds promise for applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry, but also raises ethical concerns and biosafety issues.
Knockout mice
Knockout mice are mice that have had a specific gene inactivated through replacement or disruption with artificial DNA. This allows researchers to study the function of that gene. The technique was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology. The procedure involves isolating the target gene, engineering a modified DNA sequence, introducing this into embryonic stem cells, and implanting the modified stem cells into mouse blastocysts. This generates chimeric mice that can pass the modified gene to offspring. Knockout mice provide insights into gene function in humans and are used as models for diseases. They also enable drug and therapy testing, though some genes cause developmental issues if knocked out.
Transgenic and cloned organisms
Transgenic organisms have had their genomes artificially modified through the introduction of foreign DNA, while cloned organisms are genetically identical to the parent organism. There are several methods for creating transgenic and cloned organisms, including microinjection of DNA, use of embryonic stem cells or retroviruses, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. While transgenic organisms can be used to improve crops and livestock, the creation of cloned organisms and their health and traits can be unpredictable due to challenges with genetic reprogramming. Both techniques remain areas of ongoing research.
TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
Transgenesis is the future of healthcare where the world is focusing on it so why not us? Let's delve into the exclusive depth of this transgenesis in the slide.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are genetically engineered to contain genes from another species. The first transgenic animal was produced by microinjecting DNA into fertilized mouse eggs. This allows the new genes to integrate into the genome and be passed to offspring. Knockout mice have a specific endogenous gene altered so it is no longer expressed normally. They are used to study gene function and model human diseases. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, showing that nuclear transfer can generate a live offspring genetically identical to the donor animal.
Recommended
Advances in Genetics (5.3)
Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms. It is used to produce large volumes of medicine by inserting useful DNA from one organism into bacteria, which then reproduces and produces the medicine. Gene therapy is another form of genetic engineering where the goal is to replace abnormal genetic material with normal material, and may help treat genetic disorders by placing normal DNA in a virus to deliver it to target cells. Recombinant DNA is made by inserting useful DNA from one organism into bacteria, which then reproduces itself and the recombinant DNA.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are created through recombinant DNA technology by inserting foreign genes into the animal's genome. This is done to improve livestock, use animals as bioreactors for pharmaceutical production, and for research purposes. The main methods of creating transgenic animals are DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, embryonic stem cell transfer, and sperm-mediated gene transfer. Examples include transgenic cows that produce more nutritious milk, pigs with genes to reduce environmental pollution, and mice used widely as model organisms. While transgenic animals have benefits, there are also ethical concerns regarding animal welfare and unintended environmental impacts.
Production of transgenic organism
The document discusses the production of transgenic organisms. It defines key terms like transgenic, transgene, and transgenesis. It explains that a transgene is a foreign gene deliberately inserted into an organism's genome, making it transgenic. The common methods to produce transgenic animals are pronuclear microinjection and embryonic stem cell methods. The document provides examples of important transgenic animals and their applications in medicine, agriculture, and research.
Transgenic animals - A brief review
Transgenic animals are animals whose genomes have been altered by the addition of foreign DNA. There are three main methods for creating transgenic animals: retroviral vector method, DNA microinjection, and using engineered embryonic stem cells. Many transgenic animals have been created successfully for various purposes, including glowing zebrafish, faster growing salmon, Alzheimer's disease mouse models, and the first transgenic monkey. Transgenic technology holds promise for applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry, but also raises ethical concerns and biosafety issues.
Knockout mice
Knockout mice are mice that have had a specific gene inactivated through replacement or disruption with artificial DNA. This allows researchers to study the function of that gene. The technique was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology. The procedure involves isolating the target gene, engineering a modified DNA sequence, introducing this into embryonic stem cells, and implanting the modified stem cells into mouse blastocysts. This generates chimeric mice that can pass the modified gene to offspring. Knockout mice provide insights into gene function in humans and are used as models for diseases. They also enable drug and therapy testing, though some genes cause developmental issues if knocked out.
Transgenic and cloned organisms
Transgenic organisms have had their genomes artificially modified through the introduction of foreign DNA, while cloned organisms are genetically identical to the parent organism. There are several methods for creating transgenic and cloned organisms, including microinjection of DNA, use of embryonic stem cells or retroviruses, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. While transgenic organisms can be used to improve crops and livestock, the creation of cloned organisms and their health and traits can be unpredictable due to challenges with genetic reprogramming. Both techniques remain areas of ongoing research.
TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
Transgenesis is the future of healthcare where the world is focusing on it so why not us? Let's delve into the exclusive depth of this transgenesis in the slide.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are genetically engineered to contain genes from another species. The first transgenic animal was produced by microinjecting DNA into fertilized mouse eggs. This allows the new genes to integrate into the genome and be passed to offspring. Knockout mice have a specific endogenous gene altered so it is no longer expressed normally. They are used to study gene function and model human diseases. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, showing that nuclear transfer can generate a live offspring genetically identical to the donor animal.
Transgenic animals
This document discusses the creation of transgenic animals and cloning. It provides details on the four main routes to create transgenic mammals: microinjection of DNA, integration of viral vectors, incorporation of stem cells, and nuclear transfer. For each method, it describes the key steps and challenges. The document also covers various applications of transgenic animals like producing human therapeutic proteins in the milk of livestock. Overall, it serves as a comprehensive overview of generating transgenic animals and the techniques involved.
Transgenesis
Transgenesis is the process of introducing an exogenous gene into an organism to produce a new trait. It allows for more specific, faster, and flexible introduction of traits compared to selective breeding. Golden rice was developed using transgenesis to introduce beta-carotene genes into rice, providing vitamin A. While this could help address vitamin A deficiency, there are also risks like gene transfer and unintended effects that require careful evaluation.
Animal transformation
This presentation consists of introduction of animal transformation as well as the methods and applications.
Application of Transgenic Animals in Livestock production
Transgenic techniques and some animals produced using transgenic technology and their applications are simply studied in this ppt
Transgenic animals
This presentation gives a comprehensive detail of transgenic animal, processes involve in the production of transgenic animal and also highlights several benefits of transgenic animal
presentation on transgenic animals
Refers to an animal in which there has been a deliberate modification of the genome - the material responsible for inherited characteristics - in contrast to spontaneous mutation.
Foreign DNA is introduced into the animal, using recombinant DNA technology,
Transgenic animals
This document discusses methods for creating transgenic animals. It defines transgenic animals as those with recombinant DNA introduced through human intervention. The major methods described are DNA microinjection, embryonic stem cell mediated gene transfer, retrovirus mediated gene transfer, use of transposons, sperm mediated gene transfer, and nuclear transfer. Applications mentioned include using transgenic animals as models for studying oncogenesis, diseases, and producing therapeutic proteins.
Transgenic animals
A transgenic animal is one that has had foreign DNA inserted into its genome. The first transgenic animal was a mouse created in 1982 by inserting a human growth hormone gene. Transgenic animals are created through pronuclear microinjection or stem cell methods. They have applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. However, some argue that transgenic technology raises ethical issues.
Transgenic manipulation of animal embryos and its application
INTRODUCTION
Genetic manipulation in animal for higher productivity is also called genetic engineering, refer to the alteration of the gene of an organism.
Organisms containing integrated sequences of cloned dna (transgenes), transferred using techniques of genetic engineering (to include those of gene transfer and gene substitution) are called transgenic animals.
Transgenic technology has led to the development of fishes, live stock and other animals with altered genetic profiles which are useful to mankind.Genetically modified animals are proving ever more vital in the development of new treatments and cures for many serious diseases.
Transgenesis is a radically new technology for altering the characteristics of animals by introducing the foreign genetic material.
CONTACT: devmac1323@gmail.com
Transgenic animals new
This document discusses transgenic animals. It defines transgenic as the stable introduction of a gene into another organism. Transgenic animals are created through various techniques including microinjection, viral vectors, embryonic stem cells, and cloning. The goals of creating transgenic animals include producing disease models, increasing economic traits in livestock, and manufacturing pharmaceuticals or other proteins. However, cloning animals often results in health problems for the clones due to issues with telomere length and epigenetic reprogramming. Overall, the document provides an overview of transgenic animal techniques and their applications.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are created through genetic engineering by introducing foreign genes into the animal's genome. This allows the animal to produce proteins it would not normally make. Methods for creating transgenic animals include microinjection of DNA into fertilized eggs or embryonic stem cells. Transgenic animals have various applications including serving as disease models, producing pharmaceuticals in their milk (transpharmers), providing organs or tissues for transplantation (xenotransplantation), and enhancing food production. However, transgenic animal research also raises ethical issues regarding animal welfare and the environmental impacts of genetic modification.
Ubaid afzal (19)
Transgenic plants are created using genetic engineering processes to introduce genes from other species into a plant's genome. The tissue culture process is used because it allows a single transformed cell to be regenerated into an entire plant containing the transgene. A new gene is delivered into the nucleus of a plant cell and integrated into its chromosome. The transformed cell is then regenerated through tissue culture into a whole plant where the transgene becomes a permanent part of its genome, passing to its progeny.
Transgenic animlas
There are two main methods for creating transgenic animals: nuclear microinjection and using embryonic stem cells. Nuclear microinjection involves injecting a transgene into a fertilized egg before the pronuclei fuse, allowing for around a 5-40% success rate. Embryonic stem cells are derived from the blastocyst and can be engineered with a transgene before being inserted into an early embryo, resulting in a genetic chimera with some transgenic tissues. Retroviruses can also be used to infect embryonic stem cells and integrate a transgene into the genome.
Transgenic pig
Transgenic pigs have been developed through inserting foreign DNA into pig genomes using various techniques. Pigs are useful biomedical models because their physiology is similar to humans. Transgenic pigs have been created for various purposes, such as producing human proteins in their milk or blood, modeling human diseases, producing organs for xenotransplantation, and reducing phosphorus pollution through modified digestion of phytates. Genetic engineering of pigs continues to be studied for applications in biomedicine and agriculture.
Applications of animal biotechnology
The document discusses various applications of animal biotechnology including transgenic animals, biopharming, and stem cells. It provides details on using transgenic mice, livestock, fish, and other animals to produce pharmaceuticals like growth factors, hormones, and clotting factors. Stem cells are discussed for their role in disease treatment, drug testing, and therapeutic cloning applications.
Transgenic animals (1) panjab university
This document discusses transgenic animals. It defines transgenic animals as animals whose genomes have been altered by transferring genes from another species or breed. It then discusses the process of transgenesis and some reasons for using transgenic technology, such as generating disease models and producing therapeutic proteins. The document provides a brief history of transgenic animals and explains why mice are commonly used. It outlines methods for generating transgenic animals like microinjection and viral infection. It also discusses applications of transgenic animals like studying gene function and developing disease models. In conclusion, the document notes some ethical issues around transgenic animals.
Animal cloning
This document discusses animal cloning, specifically somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). It provides information on the history of cloning, animals that have been cloned, the SCNT process, challenges to successful cloning including reprogramming differentiated cells, and problems seen in cloned animals including embryonic and postnatal abnormalities. Applications of cloning such as restoring endangered species, generating transgenic animals, and gene knockout in farm animals are also covered.
History of transgenics
The document provides a detailed history of genetic engineering and transgenics from 1859 when Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species laying the foundations for modern genetics, through key discoveries like DNA's structure in 1953 and the development of recombinant DNA techniques in the 1970s. It then outlines major milestones in genetic engineering for both research organisms and agricultural crops, including the first transgenic animals in the 1980s, approval of GM crops for commercialization in the 1990s, and ongoing advances and debates around the world.
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Definition
History
Why are the transgenic animals being produced
Transgenic mice
Mice: as model organism
Methods of creation of transgenic mice
knock-out mice
Application of transgenic mice
Conclusion
References
Transgenic animals ppt
Transgenic animals are produced by inserting foreign genes into their genomes using recombinant DNA methodology. This allows for increased growth, improved disease resistance, and other benefits. However, it can also lead to unintended effects if the inserted gene has multiple functions or causes mutations. Common methods to create transgenic animals include embryonic stem cell methods, pronuclear injection, and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Examples include transgenic mice, cows, fish, sheep, and monkeys.
Applications of plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is a revolutionary technique in agriculture and plant biotechnology that allows for the genetic transformation of plants. Through precise cultivation methods and growth medium, plant cells, tissues, and organs can be induced to multiply and regenerate whole plants. A key application is clonal propagation, which uses totipotent cells that can regenerate entire plants for mass production of genetically desired traits. Common types of tissue culture include callus culture, cell suspension culture, protoplast isolation and culture, pollen/anther culture, and plant organ culture. Plant tissue culture has many applications including biotechnology research, horticultural propagation, production of secondary metabolites, controlling biological hazards, and increasing food production.
Lec 1.b Totipotency and birth of tissue culture.ppt
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This document discusses the creation of transgenic animals and cloning. It provides details on the four main routes to create transgenic mammals: microinjection of DNA, integration of viral vectors, incorporation of stem cells, and nuclear transfer. For each method, it describes the key steps and challenges. The document also covers various applications of transgenic animals like producing human therapeutic proteins in the milk of livestock. Overall, it serves as a comprehensive overview of generating transgenic animals and the techniques involved.
Transgenesis
Transgenesis is the process of introducing an exogenous gene into an organism to produce a new trait. It allows for more specific, faster, and flexible introduction of traits compared to selective breeding. Golden rice was developed using transgenesis to introduce beta-carotene genes into rice, providing vitamin A. While this could help address vitamin A deficiency, there are also risks like gene transfer and unintended effects that require careful evaluation.
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Refers to an animal in which there has been a deliberate modification of the genome - the material responsible for inherited characteristics - in contrast to spontaneous mutation.
Foreign DNA is introduced into the animal, using recombinant DNA technology,
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This document discusses methods for creating transgenic animals. It defines transgenic animals as those with recombinant DNA introduced through human intervention. The major methods described are DNA microinjection, embryonic stem cell mediated gene transfer, retrovirus mediated gene transfer, use of transposons, sperm mediated gene transfer, and nuclear transfer. Applications mentioned include using transgenic animals as models for studying oncogenesis, diseases, and producing therapeutic proteins.
Transgenic animals
A transgenic animal is one that has had foreign DNA inserted into its genome. The first transgenic animal was a mouse created in 1982 by inserting a human growth hormone gene. Transgenic animals are created through pronuclear microinjection or stem cell methods. They have applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. However, some argue that transgenic technology raises ethical issues.
Transgenic manipulation of animal embryos and its application
INTRODUCTION
Genetic manipulation in animal for higher productivity is also called genetic engineering, refer to the alteration of the gene of an organism.
Organisms containing integrated sequences of cloned dna (transgenes), transferred using techniques of genetic engineering (to include those of gene transfer and gene substitution) are called transgenic animals.
Transgenic technology has led to the development of fishes, live stock and other animals with altered genetic profiles which are useful to mankind.Genetically modified animals are proving ever more vital in the development of new treatments and cures for many serious diseases.
Transgenesis is a radically new technology for altering the characteristics of animals by introducing the foreign genetic material.
CONTACT: devmac1323@gmail.com
Transgenic animals new
This document discusses transgenic animals. It defines transgenic as the stable introduction of a gene into another organism. Transgenic animals are created through various techniques including microinjection, viral vectors, embryonic stem cells, and cloning. The goals of creating transgenic animals include producing disease models, increasing economic traits in livestock, and manufacturing pharmaceuticals or other proteins. However, cloning animals often results in health problems for the clones due to issues with telomere length and epigenetic reprogramming. Overall, the document provides an overview of transgenic animal techniques and their applications.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are created through genetic engineering by introducing foreign genes into the animal's genome. This allows the animal to produce proteins it would not normally make. Methods for creating transgenic animals include microinjection of DNA into fertilized eggs or embryonic stem cells. Transgenic animals have various applications including serving as disease models, producing pharmaceuticals in their milk (transpharmers), providing organs or tissues for transplantation (xenotransplantation), and enhancing food production. However, transgenic animal research also raises ethical issues regarding animal welfare and the environmental impacts of genetic modification.
Ubaid afzal (19)
Transgenic plants are created using genetic engineering processes to introduce genes from other species into a plant's genome. The tissue culture process is used because it allows a single transformed cell to be regenerated into an entire plant containing the transgene. A new gene is delivered into the nucleus of a plant cell and integrated into its chromosome. The transformed cell is then regenerated through tissue culture into a whole plant where the transgene becomes a permanent part of its genome, passing to its progeny.
Transgenic animlas
There are two main methods for creating transgenic animals: nuclear microinjection and using embryonic stem cells. Nuclear microinjection involves injecting a transgene into a fertilized egg before the pronuclei fuse, allowing for around a 5-40% success rate. Embryonic stem cells are derived from the blastocyst and can be engineered with a transgene before being inserted into an early embryo, resulting in a genetic chimera with some transgenic tissues. Retroviruses can also be used to infect embryonic stem cells and integrate a transgene into the genome.
Transgenic pig
Transgenic pigs have been developed through inserting foreign DNA into pig genomes using various techniques. Pigs are useful biomedical models because their physiology is similar to humans. Transgenic pigs have been created for various purposes, such as producing human proteins in their milk or blood, modeling human diseases, producing organs for xenotransplantation, and reducing phosphorus pollution through modified digestion of phytates. Genetic engineering of pigs continues to be studied for applications in biomedicine and agriculture.
Applications of animal biotechnology
The document discusses various applications of animal biotechnology including transgenic animals, biopharming, and stem cells. It provides details on using transgenic mice, livestock, fish, and other animals to produce pharmaceuticals like growth factors, hormones, and clotting factors. Stem cells are discussed for their role in disease treatment, drug testing, and therapeutic cloning applications.
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This document discusses transgenic animals. It defines transgenic animals as animals whose genomes have been altered by transferring genes from another species or breed. It then discusses the process of transgenesis and some reasons for using transgenic technology, such as generating disease models and producing therapeutic proteins. The document provides a brief history of transgenic animals and explains why mice are commonly used. It outlines methods for generating transgenic animals like microinjection and viral infection. It also discusses applications of transgenic animals like studying gene function and developing disease models. In conclusion, the document notes some ethical issues around transgenic animals.
Animal cloning
This document discusses animal cloning, specifically somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). It provides information on the history of cloning, animals that have been cloned, the SCNT process, challenges to successful cloning including reprogramming differentiated cells, and problems seen in cloned animals including embryonic and postnatal abnormalities. Applications of cloning such as restoring endangered species, generating transgenic animals, and gene knockout in farm animals are also covered.
History of transgenics
The document provides a detailed history of genetic engineering and transgenics from 1859 when Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species laying the foundations for modern genetics, through key discoveries like DNA's structure in 1953 and the development of recombinant DNA techniques in the 1970s. It then outlines major milestones in genetic engineering for both research organisms and agricultural crops, including the first transgenic animals in the 1980s, approval of GM crops for commercialization in the 1990s, and ongoing advances and debates around the world.
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Transgenic animals are produced by inserting foreign genes into their genomes using recombinant DNA methodology. This allows for increased growth, improved disease resistance, and other benefits. However, it can also lead to unintended effects if the inserted gene has multiple functions or causes mutations. Common methods to create transgenic animals include embryonic stem cell methods, pronuclear injection, and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Examples include transgenic mice, cows, fish, sheep, and monkeys.
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Applications of plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is a revolutionary technique in agriculture and plant biotechnology that allows for the genetic transformation of plants. Through precise cultivation methods and growth medium, plant cells, tissues, and organs can be induced to multiply and regenerate whole plants. A key application is clonal propagation, which uses totipotent cells that can regenerate entire plants for mass production of genetically desired traits. Common types of tissue culture include callus culture, cell suspension culture, protoplast isolation and culture, pollen/anther culture, and plant organ culture. Plant tissue culture has many applications including biotechnology research, horticultural propagation, production of secondary metabolites, controlling biological hazards, and increasing food production.
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Genetic engineering & transgenic breeding
This document provides an overview of genetic engineering and transgenic breeding techniques. It discusses cell culture and transformation methods like somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis to obtain transgenic plants. Methods of plant transformation include direct transformation, biological delivery methods, and selecting transgenic events. Molecular biology techniques for plant transformation involve overexpression vectors, promoters for transgene expression, RNA interference, and zinc-finger nucleases. Transgenic breeding involves transferring transgenes into elite lines through backcross breeding over multiple generations. Examples are given of transgenic crops developed for increased yield, insect resistance, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, drought tolerance, and altering morphological characteristics.
Genetic engineering & transgenic breeding
This document discusses genetic engineering and transgenic breeding. It begins with an introduction and overview of cell culture and transformation methods like somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis that are used to obtain transgenic plants. Various plant transformation methods like direct transformation, biological delivery methods, and selecting transgenic events are described. The molecular biology behind plant transformation involving overexpression vectors, promoters, RNA interference, and zinc-finger nucleases is explained. Transgenic breeding or breeding with transgenics is then discussed, including improving crop traits through backcrossing transgenic plants with elite varieties. Examples are given of transgenic crops with increased yield or insect resistance.
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TISSUE CULTURE
This document summarizes plant tissue culture techniques. It discusses that plant tissue culture involves cultivating plant organs, tissues or cells in test tubes with artificial media. The basic requirements for plant tissue culture include aseptic conditions, temperature control, sub-culturing, and a proper culture medium. The techniques are grouped into embryo culture, meristem culture, anther or pollen culture, tissue and cell culture, and callus culture. Each technique has specific applications such as micropropagation, recovering virus-free stocks, and facilitating germplasm exchange and conservation. Crops that can be produced using these techniques include tomato, brinjal, potato, banana, orchids, and Chinese cabbage.
Tissue Culture its types and Applications By Samra Tahir
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https://www2.slideshare.net/Samratahir7/all-about-tissue-culture-by-samra-tahir
tissue culture hybridization
Tissue culture is a technique where small pieces of plant or animal tissue are cultured in a sterile medium outside of the organism. It was first developed in 1885 and has since been used extensively in medicine, agriculture, and research. It allows for the rapid duplication of plant materials while eliminating diseases and maintaining genetic traits. However, it requires specialized facilities and equipment and reduces genetic diversity.
Transgenic plants and plant biotechnology
This document discusses transgenic plants and plant biotechnology. It begins with definitions of key terms like transgene, transgenesis, and transgenic plants. It then provides a brief history of plant breeding, including selective breeding, Mendel's genetics studies, and the disadvantages of traditional breeding. Next, it covers mutation breeding using mutagens or radiation. It discusses the process of transgenic plant creation by inserting foreign genes from sources like animals or bacteria. The remainder of the document details various gene transfer methods in plants, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using Ti plasmids, direct transformation techniques like particle bombardment, and methods for detecting inserted genes.
Plant tissue culture general introduction
To achieve the target of creating a new plant or a plant with desired characteristics, tissue culture is often coupled with recombinant DNA technology. The techniques of plant tissue culture have largely helped in the green revolution by improving the crop yield and quality.
The knowledge obtained from plant tissue cultures has contributed to our understanding of metabolism, growth, differentiation and morphogenesis of plant cells. Further, developments in tissue culture have helped to produce several pathogen-free plants, besides the synthesis of many biologically important compounds, including pharmaceuticals. Because of the wide range of applications, plant tissue culture attracts the attention of molecular biologists, plant breeders and industrialists.
Introduction of plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture provides several benefits for studying plant growth and development. It allows scientists to isolate plant parts and culture them in vitro, simplifying the study of controlling influences. Some key applications of plant tissue culture include clonal propagation of disease-free plants, studying plant cells' ability to regenerate whole plants from cultured cells, producing genetic variability through somaclonal variation, regenerating plants from pollen to create haploids, and rescuing hybrid embryos. Plant tissue culture also enables fundamental biological research, production of high-value biochemicals, and generation of transgenic plants.
Plant Genetic engineering ,Basic steps ,Advantages and disadvantages
plant genetic engineering,first genetically engineered crop plant,first genetically engineered foods,genome editing,uses of GE,transgenic plants,basic process of plant genetic enginering,advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.
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Plant tissue culture is the process of growing plant cells, tissues or organs in sterile conditions on a nutrient medium. It has many applications like germplasm preservation of endangered plants, producing disease-free plants through micropropagation, and creating novel hybrids through protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization. However, issues remain like genetic instability of hybrids and lack of efficient selection methods. Overall, tissue culture is a valuable biotechnology tool with potential for crop improvement and conservation efforts.
Tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is the process of growing plant cells, tissues or organs in sterile conditions on a nutrient medium. It has many applications like germplasm preservation of endangered plants, genetic improvement of crops, and production of secondary metabolites. The basic steps include selection of explant, initiation of culture on growth media, multiplication through cell division, and rooting and transfer to soil. Technologies such as micropropagation, somatic hybridization, and cryopreservation have been commercialized for mass propagation of crops. However, issues remain regarding genetic stability, selection of fused products, and regeneration efficiency.
Tissue culture
The document discusses various tissue culture techniques used in plant breeding including: clonal propagation of disease-free genetic stocks through tissue culture; freeze preservation of germplasm; embryo, ovule, and anther culture techniques to produce haploid plants; and the induction of genetic variability through cell cultures. It provides details on the basic procedures of plant tissue culture including establishment of aseptic culture from explants, proliferation of callus cells on nutrient media, rooting, and acclimatization of regenerated plantlets. The roles of growth hormones, nutrient media composition, and factors affecting culture efficiency are also summarized.
Introduction to plant biotechnology and plant tissue culture
This document provides an introduction to plant biotechnology and plant tissue culture. It discusses several key methods in plant biotechnology including tissue and cell culture, recombinant DNA, and plant transformation. Tissue culture involves cultivating plant tissues on an artificial medium to multiply cells and tissues. Recombinant DNA uses restriction enzymes to insert foreign DNA from one organism into another. Common vectors like Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens are used to introduce foreign genes into plant cells. The document also outlines some successes and potential applications of plant biotechnology like micropropagation, plant protection from pests and diseases through traits like Bt toxin production, and abiotic stress tolerance through introduction of genes for osmoprotectants.
Genetically Modified Organisms 01
This document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and transgenic animals. It begins by defining a GMO as an organism whose genetic material has been altered by inserting DNA from another organism. Currently, most GM crops contain bacterial genes for pest or herbicide resistance. The document then discusses three main methods for producing transgenic animals: DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, and embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic animals have applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry by improving crop yields, providing organs for transplantation, and producing useful proteins.
Plant bio 1 introduction to cell tissue culture
Tissue culture is a method of growing plant cells, tissues or organs in vitro on artificial nutrient media under sterile conditions. Plant tissue culture involves exposing plant tissue to specific nutrients, hormones and light to produce many new cloned plants over a short period. The father of plant tissue culture is considered to be German botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt who conceived the concept of cell culture in 1902. A key aspect of plant tissue culture is initiation and maintenance of callus cultures, which are masses of unorganized proliferating cells grown on artificial media.
Techniques of in vitro culture
1. The document discusses various techniques of in vitro plant tissue culture including organ culture, seed culture, meristem culture, embryo culture, ovary culture, anther culture, callus culture, cell suspension culture, and protoplast culture.
2. Key steps in in vitro culture include isolation of explant tissues, regeneration and callus formation, embryogenesis, and organogenesis.
3. Applications of these techniques include virus-free plant production, increasing seed germination efficiency, producing somatic embryos and haploid plants, enabling single cell studies, and facilitating somatic hybridization.
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meetingwaterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
Advance in genetic engineering ppt
- 2. Topic Screening of transformed analysis In tissue culture NAME: JAYGENDRA KUMAR Ph.D.(AG)BIOTECHNOLOGY
- 3. cont.….. Transformation Transformation elements Tissue Culture Gus expression How is Tissue Culture Done Alternative to Tissue Culture Selectable Marker Genes
- 4. Transformation Transformation is the step in the genetic engineering process where a new gene (transgene) is inserted into a single plant cell. The process can be difficult because the genetic engineering must all of the following before they are successful. Transformation is the step in the genetic engineering process where the new gene is inserted into a single plant cell.
- 5. The new gene must be delivered into the nucleus of a cell and insert into a chromosome. The cells that receive the new gene must stay alive. The cells and plants that contain the new gene must be easily identifiable (selectable markers). The transformed cell must divide and give rise to an entire plant. The location where the transgene inserts into the chromosome must not interfere with the expression of the gene.
- 6. Transformation elements > Explant > Agrobacterium tumefacien and Agrobacterium rhizogenes > DNA: plasmid; DNA fragment > Selection marker and promoter
- 7. The other technique is transformation where genetic engineers introduce the gene into these clustered cells using one of several possible methods including: Agrobacterium tumefaciens. > The gene gun (particle bombardment) > Electroporation > Microfibers.
- 8. Tissue Culture The tissue culture process is used by crop genetic engineering because seeds and plants consist of billions of cells. Through tissue culture the transformed cell can then be regenerated into an entire plant with each cell containing the transgene.
- 9. GUS expression The GUS gene creates blue coloration of transformed tissue when transformed cells or tissues are provided with the appropriate substrate
- 10. How is Tissue Culture Done? Tissue culture is an important component of transforming plants with new genes. During this procedure, plant cells can be removed from various parts of a plant and placed on media in petri plates. The media does not contain the growth hormones normally present in a plant that tell the cells which tissue to develop . As a result, the cells do not differentiate and instead form a mass of cells called a callus that are not differentiated into at the tissue level.
- 11. Cells are taken from plants and grown into undifferentiated masses called callus. Immature embryos are removed from seeds and placed on media. Callus cells will then begin to grow from them. Callus are masses of undifferentiated cells.
- 12. Alternative to Tissue Culture genetic engineers have by passed the tissue culture process by producing plants with the transgene in the germline cells. This means that they introduced the new gene into some but not all of the cells in a young plant. Some of the cells in the seedling that genetics have transformed are those that divide and develop into the pollen or egg producing tissues in the plant (the germline). Another transformation method that could potentially tissue culture is the transformation of pollen. In a species such as corn, the transformed pollen could be used in a cross with the hope that some of the progeny will inherit the transgene.
- 13. Selectable Marker Genes callus cells have gone through the transformation process, it takes weeks of recovery and growth in a petri dish before they can develop into plants. Thousands of cells are growing on a single petri dish, but only a few may actually have received the new gene. It would be very cumbersome to grow up each cell into a plant to test for the presence of the transgene. It is much more efficient for genetics to determine which cells have been transformed while still at the cellular level.
- 14. The steps in tissue culture : Tissue samples are taken from a plant (explanting). The samples are grown on media and masses of undifferentiated cells begin to grow. The undifferentiated cells can be manipulated (procedures such as, DNA extraction and transformation with a transgene and selectable marker Growth hormones are added to the media causing the cells to multiply and differentiate into entire plants.