Adult Ortho O.ppt
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This document discusses orthodontic treatment for adults. It notes that there has been an 800% increase in adult orthodontic patients between 1970-1990 due to factors like increased awareness, innovations in appliances, and media exposure. Adult orthodontic treatment presents unique challenges compared to children due to reduced growth potential, periodontal considerations, and need for multidisciplinary care. The document outlines guidelines for comprehensive orthodontic treatment and adjunctive orthodontic treatment in adults.
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Classification & etiology of malocclusion
This document provides an overview of various methods for classifying malocclusion and summarizes key etiological factors. It describes Angle's classification system, the first and most widely used method based on molar relationships. It also discusses modifications by Dewey, Lischer, and others. Etiological classifications introduced include Moyer's system distinguishing osseous, muscular and dental origins, and Salzmann's prenatal and postnatal factors. The document aims to explain different approaches and highlight the importance of identifying causes to determine appropriate treatment.
Biology of orthodontic tooth movement
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2. Physiologic tooth movements include eruption, drift, and minor movements during mastication. Eruption occurs through growth of the root and forces from the periodontal ligament.
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0091-9248678078
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This document provides an overview of Class II malocclusions, including:
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- Common etiological factors like heredity and habits.
- Clinical features both intraorally and extraorally.
- Diagnostic tools and assessments including study models, photographs, and cephalometrics.
- Treatment modalities for Class II malocclusions in growing and non-growing patients, including functional appliances, headgear, fixed appliances, and orthognathic surgery.
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This document discusses several key considerations for orthodontic treatment in adults. It notes that biological factors like decreased vascularity and bone density make tooth movement more difficult in adults compared to children. Proper diagnosis is important, considering issues like missing teeth and periodontal disease that can impact anchorage. Treatment objectives focus on establishing optimal occlusion and contacts while balancing aesthetics, function, and stability. Lower force levels are recommended due to reduced biological response in adults. Multidisciplinary treatment may be needed and retention requires a long-term approach.
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Esthetics in orthodontics
A quick overview of all components that make up the aesthetic considerations during orthodontic treatment.
Contents -
Introduction
History
Records for studying esthetics
Smile design wheel
Macro-aesthetics
Mini-aesthetics
Deep Overbite correction
Treatment of gummy smiles
Micro-aesthetics
Elements of a balanced smile
Six horizontal lines
Canine to lateral incisor
Premolar to canine
Influence of extractions on smile esthetics
Conclusion
Lip bumper, quad helix, tongue crib,Tpa,Nance by Dr.Saurav Mishra
This document discusses the lip bumper, quad helix, and tongue crib appliances. It provides details on the design, indications, and mechanisms of these appliances. The quad helix appliance is described as having anterior and posterior helical loops to provide a wide range of continuous, controlled force during maxillary expansion. Its fan-like sweeping action can buccally expand and distally rotate the maxillary molars. Indications for the quad helix include correcting crossbites through upper arch expansion and mild class II malocclusions requiring upper arch widening and molar rotation. Complications and clinical management are also briefly covered.
Functional Matrix Theory
The document summarizes the functional matrix theory of bone growth proposed by Melvin Moss. The theory states that bone growth occurs as a response to functional needs mediated by soft tissues, rather than bones growing independently. Growth involves periosteal matrices altering bone size in response to soft tissue demands, and capsular matrices passively translating bones during expansion. Experiments on rats supported the theory by showing bones altered in size and shape following muscle resection. Clinical implications include functional appliances altering bone growth by changing soft tissue pressures.
theories of tooth movement
The document summarizes theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory and bone-bending theory. It discusses how application of orthodontic forces leads to remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone through pressure and tension sites. Key signaling molecules that mediate the biological response to orthodontic forces are also summarized, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate bone resorption and formation during tooth movement.
Expansion in orthodontics
The document discusses different methods of maxillary arch expansion in orthodontics, including slow expansion and rapid maxillary expansion. Slow expansion uses lighter forces over a longer period and can involve dental or skeletal changes. Rapid expansion applies greater force to separate the mid-palatal suture more quickly, but risks relapse. A variety of fixed and removable appliances are described for delivering expansion forces, including quad helix, W-arch, nickel-titanium wires, and expansion screws. The effects, indications, contraindications, and risks of both rapid and slow expansion techniques are compared.
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This document provides an overview of mixed dentition and orthodontic appliances used during this period. Mixed dentition refers to the stage when primary teeth are being replaced by permanent teeth, between ages 6-13 years. Common orthodontic problems in mixed dentition include increased overjet and open bite. Functional appliances discussed include oral screens, lip bumpers, activators, and Frankel's regulator. Other appliances mentioned are space maintainers, tongue blades for crossbite correction, and space regainers. The document outlines the principles, advantages, limitations and indications for different appliances used in intercepting and correcting malocclusions during mixed dentition.
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Essential diagnostic aids in orthodontics
1. Orthodontic diagnosis involves collecting data through various diagnostic aids like case history, clinical examination, study models, and radiographs to identify the nature and cause of a malocclusion.
2. Essential diagnostic aids include case history, clinical examination, study models, periapical radiographs, and bitewing radiographs which provide information on the patient's medical history, dentition, occlusion, and underlying bone and tissue.
3. Additional diagnostic aids like cephalometric radiographs, photographs, and specialized radiographic views provide supplementary information to develop a comprehensive orthodontic diagnosis.
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Pendulum appliance 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
mixed dentition analysis
This document discusses various methods of mixed dentition analysis used to predict the size and space needed for unerupted permanent teeth based on measurements of erupted primary and permanent teeth. It describes Nance analysis, Huckaba's method, Moyer's analysis, Tanaka Johnston analysis, Hixon-Oldfather prediction method, and Staley and Kerber method. The document emphasizes that mixed dentition analysis helps evaluate space availability and plan treatment during the transition from primary to permanent dentition.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Class ii malocclusion
This document provides an overview of Class II malocclusions, including:
- Classification systems for Class II malocclusions described by Angle and Moyers.
- Common etiological factors like heredity and habits.
- Clinical features both intraorally and extraorally.
- Diagnostic tools and assessments including study models, photographs, and cephalometrics.
- Treatment modalities for Class II malocclusions in growing and non-growing patients, including functional appliances, headgear, fixed appliances, and orthognathic surgery.
Ackerman & proffit classification of malocclusion
This document describes the Ackerman-Proffit analysis system for orthodontic malocclusions. It evaluates malocclusions based on Angle's classification plus five additional characteristics: transverse and vertical discrepancies, crowding, asymmetry, and incisor protrusion. It also assesses the dental arch, profile, lip posture, incisor display, and presence of crossbites or open bites. Rotational deviations around transverse, antero-posterior, and vertical axes (pitch, roll, yaw) are also evaluated. Scoring is done on a scale of 0 to 5 based on severity of the malocclusion characteristics.
Orthodontic Study Model Analysis
This document provides an overview of model analysis in orthodontics. It discusses the requirements and parts of study models, as well as several methods for analyzing models, including Pont's analysis, Linder Harth analysis, Korkhaus analysis, arch perimeter analysis, Carey's analysis, Ashley Howe analysis, and Bolton's analysis. The key aspects analyzed include arch width, tooth material, arch length, jaw relationships, and proportional widths between the upper and lower dental arches. Model analysis is an important diagnostic tool that allows detailed evaluation of the dental arches to aid in treatment planning.
Myofunctional appliances
Myofunctional appliances are removable or fixed appliances that change the position of the mandible to transmit forces through muscle stretching to the dentition and underlying skeletal structures. They are used to intercept and treat jaw discrepancies through modifying growth patterns. Common myofunctional appliances discussed include the activator, bionator, frankel regulator, herbst appliance, and twin block. They work through establishing a new pattern of muscle function that leads to new morphological changes in the jaws through principles of applying and eliminating forces. Case selection focuses on growing patients with moderate to severe class II malocclusions.
Surgery in orthodontics
Orthognathic surgery and minor procedures like extractions are used in orthodontics to correct dental abnormalities. Major orthognathic surgeries like LeFort I osteotomies and sagittal split osteotomies reposition the jaws to correct dental malocclusions. Minor procedures include extractions of teeth like premolars, as well as surgical exposures of impacted teeth. The decision to use orthodontic camouflage versus surgery must be made early. Adjunctive facial procedures like rhinoplasty and genioplasty are also used to improve aesthetics beyond dental repositioning.
Rapid maxillary expansion in orthodontics
This document provides an overview of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in orthodontics. It discusses the history of RME dating back to 1860. It also covers anatomy related to RME, including the midpalatal suture. Key topics covered include indications and contraindications for RME, types of expansion screws used, jackscrew turn schedules, and different types of RME appliances such as the Haas expander and Hyrax expander. The document is an educational resource on the clinical use and mechanics of RME.
Frankel functional appliance
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Maxillary expansion
This article reviews different methods of maxillary expansion including rapid maxillary expansion (RME), slow maxillary expansion (SME), and surgically-assisted maxillary expansion. RME uses appliances like Haas or Hyrax expanders to apply heavy forces and separate the midpalatal suture quickly in 2-3 weeks. SME uses appliances like quad helix or coils to apply lighter, continuous forces over months. Surgically-assisted expansion is used when expansion is needed in older patients after suture closure. Maxillary expansion treats transverse deficiencies, crossbites, and improves nasal breathing. Complications can include discomfort, relapse, and tooth tipping.
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Lip bumper, quad helix, tongue crib,Tpa,Nance by Dr.Saurav Mishra
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Adult_Orthodontics_.pptx
This document discusses adult orthodontic treatment. It begins by noting that malocclusion is as common in adults as children, though historically adults rarely sought treatment. There are two main groups of adult orthodontic patients - younger adults who did not receive treatment as adolescents, and older adults who need orthodontics as part of larger dental treatment plans. Treatment of adults involves moving teeth through orthodontic forces alone, as growth is complete, and often requires multidisciplinary care from orthodontists, periodontists, oral surgeons and restorative dentists. Careful diagnosis of the periodontium, skeletal structure, existing dental issues and airway is important for developing a customized treatment plan.
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This document discusses several key considerations for orthodontic treatment in adults. It notes that biological factors like decreased vascularity and bone density make tooth movement more difficult in adults compared to children. Proper diagnosis is important, considering issues like missing teeth and periodontal disease that can impact anchorage. Treatment objectives focus on establishing optimal occlusion and contacts while balancing aesthetics, function, and stability. Lower force levels are recommended due to reduced biological response in adults. Multidisciplinary treatment may be needed and retention requires a long-term approach.
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Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.Why Dentistry is a separate course.pdf
Why is dentistry a separate course rather than a specialization after medical school? Dentistry is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis (detection), and treatment of diseases and conditions of teeth, gums, jaws, and oral-facial structures. The field of dentistry is not just limited to teeth. It is like any other branch of Medicine e.g., ENT doctors specialize in ear, nose, and throat diseases, Orthopedic surgeons treat bone diseases/disorders, and Ophthalmologists specialize in eyes, and so on. In fact, there are many medical specialties and super-specialties after a basic medical degree. Some doctors have extra expertise in any one of these specialties or another. However, dentistry is more than a specialty of medicine.
Dentistry is more than a specialty of Medicine
Have you seen everyone affected by cancer or diabetes, or heart problems? Have you seen a separate college for the liver or heart, in spite of the fact that we can’t live without these vital organs? Some people have skin problems; some have kidney issues but every one of us has dental problems and needs regular dental prophylaxis or treatments. The mouth is a constant source of microbial inflammation. Fortunately, most people are asymptomatic (painless) because we evolved and adapted to oral germs and constant inflammation. Just imagine, what would have happened if oral inflammation was painful for everyone.
The mouth is the only natural way of food intake. It has the second largest diverse microbiota after the gut because of the easy availability of food and shelter. Furthermore, the modern refined(soft and sticky) diet has aggravated the situation and made our mouth the constant source of microbial inflammation. That’s why tooth decay and gum diseases are one of the most common diseases affecting mankind.
Oral microflora, their toxins, and inflammatory products from mouth diseases get easy access to the inner body through our inflamed gums and can cause heart attacks, pneumonia, diabetes, cancers, infertility, sepsis, and many other ill-effects on our vital organs. Poor oral hygiene during pregnancy can affect the developing baby which can lead to complications such as miscarriage, low birth weight, and premature delivery. Poor oral health is not only linked with systemic diseases/conditions but badly influences their entire course. The mouth is the gateway to your systemic health.
You must have noticed, the mouth is the only organ of your body that needs a variety of hygiene/preventive measures i.e., toothbrush, toothpaste, dental floss, tongue blade/brush, interdental brushes, mouthwashes, professional prophylaxis/treatments, etc. on a regular basis to maintain your oral as well as overall health.
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Age factors in orthodontics
AGE FACTORS IN ORTHODONTICS
An important consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the age of the patient. In addition age factors influence the treatment mechanics and prognosis.
There are certain features which are normal to a child, however if present in an adult would constitute malocclusion. These malocclusions need no treatment at that age as they get corrected automatically as the age advances.
The chronological age may sometimes be misleading and may not reflect the exact growth status. Thus skeletal and dental ages of the patient should be ascertained for a more accurate diagnosis.
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Orthodontics is a dental specialty that deals with diagnosing and treating misaligned teeth and jaws. It focuses on correcting bite issues through applying forces to teeth to move them into proper position. The overall goals of orthodontic treatment are to improve function, maintain structural balance between dental arches and facial tissues, and create aesthetic harmony. Orthodontics can alter the positions of teeth, change underlying bone patterns, and modify surrounding soft tissues.
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This document provides an overview of an undergraduate orthodontics course at the University of Dental Medicine in Myanmar. It includes:
1. Definitions of orthodontics and its scope, as well as the departmental objectives of knowledge, skills, and attitudes students should attain.
2. An outline of the course content including lectures on classification of malocclusion, craniofacial growth and development, etiology of malocclusion, and removable orthodontic appliances.
3. Details of the practical technique course and introduction to clinical work, totaling 66 hours of teaching over the 4th and 5th year of the undergraduate program.
Adults orthodotnics
(1) The document discusses orthodontic treatment for adult patients. It notes that adults now comprise about 30% of orthodontic patients in the US.
(2) Adult patients are divided into two groups - younger adults under 35 who did not receive treatment as youths, and older adults over 40 who need orthodontics as part of larger dental treatment.
(3) Treating adult patients presents unique challenges as they are more likely to have medical issues, dental problems like caries and periodontitis requiring other treatments, and less tolerance for tooth movement due to lack of growth. Psychological considerations and desire for esthetic appliances also differ from child patients.
Adult orthodontics / for orthodontists by Almuzian
This document provides an overview of adult orthodontics. It discusses special considerations for orthodontic treatment in adults, including medical history, psychological factors, lack of growth, and periodontal disease. It also describes recent advances in adult orthodontics, such as ceramic brackets, lingual appliances, and Invisalign, which aim to improve aesthetics. The document is a reference list for adult orthodontics written by Mohammed Almuzian at the University of Glasgow in 2013.
Endo ortho interface by DR. JAGADEESH KODITYALA
This document discusses the interface between endodontic and orthodontic treatment. It addresses several topics:
1) How orthodontic tooth movement can affect the pulp and cause inflammation, changes in blood flow, and neural responses. Teeth with mature roots or a history of trauma are more at risk.
2) How orthodontic forces can cause root resorption in a small number of patients, particularly of maxillary incisors. Resorption may be similar in root-filled and vital teeth.
3) That endodontically treated teeth can be moved orthodontically similarly to vital teeth, though replacement resorption or injury to tissues could prevent movement. Maintaining the apical seal
Lecture 1. Orthodontics introductory lecture
Orthodontics deals with correcting irregularities of the teeth and jaws to improve appearance and function. It has its origins in ancient practices but was recognized as a specialty in the 19th century. The goal of orthodontic treatment is to achieve structural balance, aesthetic harmony and functional efficiency as described by Edward Angle, who is considered the father of modern orthodontics. Treatment may involve appliances like braces to align the teeth or surgery to correct severe malocclusions.
Adult ortho
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GERIATRIC CARE DENTISTRY - ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
AGE CHANGES AFFECTING STRUCTURES IN ORAL CAVITY
COMMON DISEASE AMONG GERIATRIC PATIENTS
MOST COMMON ORAL DISEASE WITH SUGGESTED TREATMENT
GOAL OF ORAL PHYSICIAN
COMMON SYSTEMIC DISEASE IN OLDER ADULT
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
PREVENTIVE ORTHODONTICS(Dr.ABDUL SHAMAL)
Preventive orthodontics aims to preserve normal occlusion and includes patient education, caries control, management of eruption problems, space maintenance, and addressing oral habits. Key aspects are maintaining the deciduous dentition to allow proper eruption of permanent teeth, identifying issues like ankylosed or supernumerary teeth, and using space maintainers like crown-loop or distal shoe appliances as needed. Regular exams are important from an early age to monitor development and catch any issues requiring treatment or referral.
Dentistry for Medical Students: A Brief Overview
Dr. Morton performed the first successful surgery using ether anesthesia on Eben Frost in 1846, when Mr. Frost underwent a tooth extraction without pain after agreeing to be the first patient to undergo experimental use of ether. This landmark event marked the first documented case of successful painless surgery thanks to anesthesia and shaped the future of medicine, as Dr. Morton then demonstrated the use of general anesthesia for another surgery. The use of anesthesia revolutionized medicine and improved patient experience and outcomes for surgical procedures.
S 7 geriatric endodontic
This document provides an overview of geriatric endodontics. It discusses age-related changes to the teeth, including increased wear, decreased enamel permeability, and continued secondary dentin deposition filling the pulp chamber. Diagnosis is challenging as older patients may have false-negative responses to pulp testing. Common medical conditions in elderly patients like cardiovascular disease and diabetes can impact dental treatment. Root canal treatment is becoming more common and accepted among older patients as an alternative to extraction. Careful medical history evaluation and consideration of systemic diseases is important for safe dental care in geriatric patients.
Autotransplantation of Tooth in Children
This document discusses autotransplantation of teeth in children with mixed dentition. It provides background on the timing of primary and permanent tooth eruption. Autotransplantation involves surgically moving a tooth from one site to another in the same person and can be useful for replacing teeth lost to decay or other issues. Success requires careful patient selection based on oral health, a suitable donor tooth with partially formed roots, and adequate bone support at the recipient site. The procedure aims to provide esthetic and functional tooth replacement without the need for dental implants.
AGE FACTOR IN ORTHODONTICS
This document discusses factors related to orthodontic treatment in adult patients. Key points include:
- Adults are classified into different age groups for orthodontic treatment. Treatment objectives differ from adolescent patients.
- There has been an 800% increase in adult orthodontic patients since 1970 due to innovations, insurance, awareness, and affluence.
- Indications for adult orthodontics include prosthodontic, periodontal, TMJ, and esthetic reasons. Contraindications include medical issues and poor motivation.
- Diagnosis and treatment planning must consider factors like decreased tissue vitality, higher bone density, and increased risk of periodontal disease in adults. Appliance selection and cooperation from the
Forensic & We The Dentists
"Certainly going back to Sherlock Holmes we have a tradition of forensic science featured in detective stories.”- Jeffrey Deaver.
With time, forensic dentistry have come along, shaking hands with forensic science and gradually taking an important position in the field of forensic science.
Forensic odontology is the branch of dentistry which, in the interest of justice, deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence, and with the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings. Forensic odontologists delve into: identifying unknown human remains, victim’s identification in mass disaster, electing the picture of life style and diet of skeletal remains at forensic and archaeological sites, assessing sex of skeletal remains, age estimation of both living and deceased, analysis and identification of bite marks at crime scenes.
It is the branch of science that applies dental knowledge in civil and criminal investigations. Along with other healthcare providers, dentists encounter cases of injuries which could be non-accidental. Detection, interpretation and management are important from a legal and humanitarian point of view. Dentists should be aware of the legal impact those cases have, and should refer them to the appropriate authorities for suitable action.
Today we consider forensic odontology to be a specialised and reliable method of identification of the deceased, particularly in multiple fatality incidents. Forensic Odontology has established itself as an important, often indispensable, in medicolegal cases, in particular for identification of the dead.
AUTOTRANSPLANTATION OF TEETH IN CHILDREN
This document discusses autotransplantation of teeth in children. Autotransplantation involves surgically moving a tooth from one location in the mouth to another in the same person. It has achieved high success rates and can be an option for replacing missing teeth in children. Factors that influence success include the health of the patient, stage of root development of the donor tooth, and adequate bone and soft tissue support at the recipient site. Autotransplantation may be indicated for missing teeth, premature tooth loss, eruption issues, or other dental problems and can avoid the need for dental implants.
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Orthodontic Lecture Notes (UDMY, UDMM, Myanmar).pdf
Orthodontic Lecture Notes (UDMY, UDMM, Myanmar).pdf
Adult orthodontics / for orthodontists by Almuzian
Adult orthodontics / for orthodontists by Almuzian
GERIATRIC CARE DENTISTRY - ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS
GERIATRIC CARE DENTISTRY - ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS
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- 1. Dr. Durga Prasad Professor, Dept of Orthodontics Navodaya Dental College, Raichur
- 2. “Orthodontics includes the study of the growth and development of the jaws and face particularly, and the body generally as influencing the position of the teeth; the study of action and reaction of internal and external influences on the development and the prevention and correction of arrested and perverted development.”
- 3. Prevention Interception Correction
- 4. 1970-1990 800% increase in adult patients
- 5. 1. Decrease in child patients - prevention 2. Increase in Orthodontists 3. Large adult patient pool
- 6. 1. Increased awareness 2. Innovations – ceramic, lingual 3. Better results 4. Advances in TMD, OGS 5. Media 6. Insurance 7. Affluence 8. Family dentist awareness 9. Beauty consciousness
- 7. 1. Young adults – treatment on financial independence 2. Older adults – Other dental problems, adjunctive treatment
- 8. Ravins – 1. Improve tooth-PDL relationship
- 9. 2. Establish an improved plane of occlusion 3. Provide normal tooth-to-tooth contact
- 10. 4. Manage space of missing teeth for prosthetic replacement
- 11. 5. For TMDs – TMJ, muscles, occlusion 6. Aesthetic desires
- 12. 1. Severe skeletal discrepancies 2. Advanced local or systemic diseases 3. Excessive alveolar bone loss 4. Inability to obtain a result that the patient or doctor will perceive as satisfactory 5. Poor stability / prognosis 6. Lack of patient motivation
- 13. Adults – 1. No growth potential – only tooth movement / surgery 2. Concerned about appearance of appliance 3. Fussy, more time to adjust to appliance 4. Special periodontal considerations 5. Special general health considerations 6. Special dental considerations – missing teeth, heavily restored teeth, crowns, bridges
- 14. 7. Well-motivated, co-operative 8. Appreciative of treatment 9. Special biomechanical considerations
- 15. 1. Attachment loss – Loss of crestal bone….reduced PDL area… so same amount of force produces more pressure per unit area Centre of resistance shifts apically…moment of force increases
- 16. 1/3rd of root length apical to alveolar crest 1/2 of root length apical to alveolar crest Root length apical to alveolar crest
- 17. 2. Age related changes in PDL Reduced blood flow and vascularity…reduced progenitor cells…reduced osteoblasts/osteoclasts… slow tooth movement 3. Age related bone changes More cortical bone, less cancellous bone…reduces rate of movement 4. Age related local changes disuse atrophy of bone, soft-tissue changes
- 18. 1. Lower force levels than children 2. Initial forces low – less progenitor cells 3. Lesser moments 4. Light continuous forces
- 19. Extremely important 1. Standard 2. TMJ x-rays 3. Full-mouth IOPAs 4. Muscle exam 5. Stress evaluation 6. Diet evaluation 7. General health evaluation 8. Periodontal consultation – very important
- 20. Multidisciplinary approach – 1. General dentist 2. Orthodontist 3. Periodontist 4. Restorative dentist 5. Prosthodontist 6. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeon 7. Plastic surgeon
- 21. 1. ADJUNCTIVE Ortho treatment 2. COMPREHENSIVE Ortho treatment 3. SURGICAL Ortho treatment
- 22. Tooth movement carried out to facilitate other dental procedures necessary to control disease and restore function Appliances – partial, short time Procedures- 1. Uprighting 2. Forced eruption 3. Alignment
- 23. Ortho treatment that would take more than 6 months time Similar to adolescents…. Keep in mind the special biomechanical considerations and special adult needs.
- 24. Special adult needs – Adults do not like – 1. Unaesthetic appliances 2. Pain 3. Extended treatment time 4. Personal inconvenience 5. Cost
- 25. 1. Simple, aesthetic, invisible 2. Light force 3. Fixed—better control 4. Long acting 5. Short over-all treatment duration
- 26. Orthognathic surgeries – Maxilla and mandible in all 3 planes of space Combined approach – Orthodontist and Oral Surgeon
- 27. Same general principles Adults more fussy … so retention plan more critical Post-orthodontic stabilization + Restoration of mutilated dentition + Cross- arch stabilization.