This document provides an outline for a study on adsorbing Crystal Violet dye using Clay. The aim is to investigate dye removal efficiency of local clays from the Itu River through adsorption. The document discusses the introduction, objectives, problem statement, significance, literature review, and materials and methods that will be used. The objectives are to acquire a suitable clay, characterize it, prepare stock dye solutions, and conduct batch adsorption experiments to test dye removal. The literature review covers the history of dyes and previous related studies on metal adsorption using clays. The materials that will be used are clay from Itu and Crystal Violet dye, and the method is batch adsorption processing.

1. Adsorption Crystal Violet dye using Clay.

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Aim and Objectives
• Statement of Problem
• Significance of Study
• Review of Related works
• Materials And Method
• Results
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
 Dyeing is one of the most important steps in the wet process
which involves changing the colour of the textile spun using
dyes. .
 Therefore, removal of dyes is an important aspect of wastewater treatment
before discharge, as it is difficult to remove dyes from effluent because they
are not easily degradable and are generally not removed from wastewater by
the conventional wastewater purification systems (Abd El-Latif et al. 2010;
Kargi and Ozmihci 2004; Chen et al.2001).

4. Aim and Objectives
 The aim of this research work is to investigate dye removal
efficiency using local clays from itu river through adsorption
process.
 Achieved by:
To acquire a suitable clay
Calcination and Characterization of the clay
Preparation of stock solution.
Batch adsorption of dye using clay.

5. Statement of Problem
 Globally, biofuel tends to be a source of remedy to the world's energy
shortage. Biobutanol has been regarded as energy panacea, the reason
is that they are renewable unlike fossil based butanol. A critical look at
feedstock used in production of butanol has posed a serious problem to
the availability of agricultural products for human consumption. In
Nigeria and other parts of the world, fossil fuels are mostly used for
motor engine ignition which is responsible for high carbon dioxide
emission to the environment and this poses a threat to global warming.
This work desires to use raw agricultural based material from non-
edible sources such as false yam (Icacina Oliviformis) for the
production of butanol.

6. Significance of Study
Since the detrimental effect of dye from industrial
effluent stream to human health cannot be over-
emphasized and there is a need for a better, economical
ways of addressing this problem, this study should add
to the knowledge of dye adsorption process by using
clay as an adsorbent. it application in textile wastewater
treatment as a choice, to reduce the impact of hazard
caused by the effluent water on the environment.

7. Scope of Study:
 In this work clay, from one location only would be used
as an adsorbent in the removal of a particular kind of
dye and would be limited to laboratory scale analyses
only.

8. Literature Review
History of dye
 The human race has been interested in colouring
materials since prehistoric times typified by the
application of natural dyes for furs and textiles. These
early dyes were mainly of vegetable origin, with some
also of animal origin. Developments extending over
many thousands of years led to rather complicated
dyeing processes being produced

9. Review of related works
 Sari et al. (2007) determined the adsorption potential of Turkish
kaolinite clay for Pb (II) from aqueous media with respect to pH.
Maximum adsorption potential was found at pH 5-9. It was noticed
that pH higher than 9 resulted in metal precipitation. Electrostatic
attraction was considered to be the important motivating force for
adsorption that increased with increase in pH..
 Orolinova et al. (2010) studied the adsorption capability of
magnetic clay composite for cadmium (II) ions. They compared the
adsorption capacity of prepared composite with natural bentonite.
They examined the influence of pH on adsorption phenomena and
found that optimum pH was 5.

10. Materials and Method
 Materials to be used include: clay gotten from itu, in Akwa ibom
State, crystal violet dye that would be bought from a chemical
store in uyo
Methods will include:
 The method that would be used is batch adsorption process.

11. Thank You.