This presentation explores the administrative frameworks and implementation strategies for managing natural resources across different scales—local, national, regional, and global. Key Themes: Administrative Scales in NRM: Local: Community participation, customary laws, and decentralized governance (e.g., Joint Forest Management in India). National: Policy formulation, legal frameworks (e.g., Brazil’s IBAMA, Bangladesh’s Environmental Policy), and inter-agency coordination. Regional/Transboundary: Cooperative governance for shared resources (e.g., Mekong River Commission, Ganges Treaty). Global: International agreements (e.g., UNFCCC, REDD+) and funding mechanisms (e.g., World Bank, UNDP). Challenges: Power imbalances, bureaucratic delays, climate uncertainty, and conflicts over resource use (e.g., upstream-downstream disputes). Program Implementation Steps: Planning (stakeholder consultation, GIS mapping). Policy alignment (e.g., Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy). Funding, capacity building, on-ground execution (e.g., afforestation, check dams). Monitoring (ecological/socioeconomic indicators) and adaptive management. Case Studies & Best Practices: Bangladesh’s Community-Based Adaptation Program (flood resilience). Participatory approaches (Sundarbans co-management) and digital tools (drones, apps).

1. Concept of Administration
in Natural Resource
Management
Md. Inzamul Haque
mihaque.iu@gmail.com

2. Administrative Scales in NRM
Administration in NRM involves decision-making, policy implementation, and
governance structures that regulate the use, conservation, and distribution
of natural resources. The effectiveness of NRM depends on how
administrative systems function across local, national, regional, and global
scales, each with distinct actors, challenges, and mechanisms.
• Local-Level Administration in NRM
• National-Level Administration in NRM
• Regional/Transboundary Administration in NRM
• Global-Level Administration in NRM

3. Local-Level Administration in NRM
Focus: Decentralized governance, community participation, and indigenous knowledge integration.
Key Features:
 Participatory Governance: Involves local communities in decision-making (e.g., Community Forest
Management).
 Customary Laws & Traditional Practices: Indigenous systems often govern land use, water rights,
and wildlife conservation.
 Local Institutions: Village councils, watershed committees, and farmer cooperatives play key roles.
Administrative Mechanisms:
 By-Laws & Local Regulations: Rules on fishing quotas, grazing limits, or deforestation bans.
 Joint Forest Management (JFM): Collaboration between forest departments and local communities.
 Watershed Development Programs: Local water user associations manage irrigation and
groundwater.

4. Local-Level Administration in NRM
Challenges:
 Power Imbalances: Elite capture of resources, marginalization of indigenous groups.
 Limited Technical & Financial Capacity: Poor infrastructure and funding constraints.
 Conflicts Over Resource Use: Competing demands (agriculture vs. conservation).
Example:
 Panchayati Raj Institutions (India): Local governments manage forests under the Forest Rights Act
(2006).
 Sundarbans Mangrove Forest: Local communities participate in beekeeping, crab farming, and
controlled fishing under co-management.

5. National-Level Administration in NRM
Focus: Policy formulation, regulatory enforcement, and inter-agency coordination.
Key Features:
 Centralized vs. Decentralized Models: Some nations have strong federal control (e.g., China’s Ministry
of Ecology), while others delegate powers (e.g., Brazil’s state-level environmental agencies).
 Legal Frameworks: Environmental laws (e.g., Clean Air Act, Wildlife Protection Act).
 Institutional Structures: Ministries of Environment, Agriculture, Energy, and Mining often overlap in
NRM.
Administrative Mechanisms:
 Permits & Licensing Systems: Regulate mining, logging, and water extraction.
 Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs): Mandatory for large projects (dams, industries).
 National Parks & Protected Areas: Managed by forest departments or conservation agencies.

6. National-Level Administration in NRM
Challenges:
 Bureaucratic Delays & Corruption: Weak enforcement of laws.
 Sectoral Conflicts: Mining vs. conservation, agriculture vs. water rights.
 Political Interference: Short-term economic priorities overriding sustainability.
Examples:
 Brazil’s IBAMA (Environmental Agency): Enforces Amazon deforestation laws but faces political
resistance.
 Kenya’s Water Act (2016): Establishes basin-level water resource management.
 In Bangladesh Tanneries in Hazaribagh Relocated to Savar: Due to DoE enforcement of
pollution laws.

7. Regional/Transboundary Administration in
NRM
Focus: Cooperative governance across borders (rivers, wildlife corridors, shared minerals).
Key Features:
 Treaties & Agreements: Formal pacts on shared resources (e.g., Nile Basin Initiative).
 Regional Organizations: ASEAN, African Union, EU Water Framework Directive.
 Conflict Resolution Mechanisms: Mediation for disputes (e.g., Indus Water Treaty).
Administrative Mechanisms:
 Joint Commissions: E.g., Mekong River Commission for hydropower and fisheries.
 Harmonized Policies: Common standards for pollution control or wildlife trade.
 Early Warning Systems: For floods, droughts, or illegal logging across borders.

8. Regional/Transboundary Administration in
NRM
Challenges:
 Sovereignty Issues: Nations resist external control over resources.
 Unequal Power Dynamics: Upstream vs. downstream conflicts (e.g., Ethiopia’s GERD dam
vs. Egypt).
 Weak Enforcement: Lack of binding legal mechanisms.
Examples:
 Congo Basin Forest Partnership: 10 Central African nations collaborate on forest
conservation.
 Helsinki Convention (Baltic Sea): Reduces marine pollution through regional cooperation.
 Ganges Water Sharing Treaty (1996) – India & Bangladesh

9. Global-Level Administration in NRM
Focus: International treaties, funding mechanisms, and knowledge sharing.
Key Features:
 Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs): UN conventions (CBD, UNFCCC, Ramsar).
 Global Funding Bodies: World Bank, Global Environment Facility (GEF), UNDP.
 Transnational Advocacy: NGOs (WWF, IUCN) influence global NRM policies.
Administrative Mechanisms:
 Reporting & Compliance Systems: Countries submit progress reports (e.g., Paris Agreement
NDCs).
 Financial Incentives: REDD+ payments for forest conservation.
 Knowledge Networks: FAO’s global soil partnership, IPCC climate data.

10. Comparative Analysis Across Scales
Scale Key Actors Administrative Tools Major Challenges
Local Communities, NGOs,
local govt.
By-laws, participatory
management
Elite capture, lack of
resources
National Ministries, regulatory
agencies
Laws, permits, EIAs Corruption, political
interference
Regional Transboundary
commissions, blocs
Treaties, joint
monitoring
Sovereignty disputes,
enforcement
Global UN, World Bank,
NGOs
Conventions, climate
funds
Free-riding, unequal
accountability

11. Comparative Analysis Across Scales
Scale Key Actors Administrative Tools Major Challenges
Local Communities, NGOs,
local govt.
By-laws, participatory
management
Elite capture, lack of
resources
Nationa
l
Ministries, regulatory
agencies
Laws, permits, EIAs Corruption, political
interference
Regiona
l
Transboundary
commissions, blocs
Treaties, joint
monitoring
Sovereignty disputes,
enforcement
Global UN, World Bank,
NGOs
Conventions, climate
funds
Free-riding, unequal
accountability

12. Comparative Analysis Across Scales
Scale Key Actors Administrative Tools Major Challenges
Local Communities, NGOs,
local govt.
By-laws, participatory
management
Elite capture, lack of
resources
Nationa
l
Ministries, regulatory
agencies
Laws, permits, EIAs Corruption, political
interference
Regiona
l
Transboundary
commissions, blocs
Treaties, joint
monitoring
Sovereignty disputes,
enforcement
Global UN, World Bank,
NGOs
Conventions, climate
funds
Free-riding, unequal
accountability

13. Program Implementation Procedures
in Natural Resource Management
(NRM)

14. Step by Step program Implementation Procedure in NRM
Natural Resource Management (NRM) programs require systematic planning, execution, and monitoring
to ensure sustainability. Below is a step-by-step breakdown of NRM program implementation, with
examples from Bangladesh and global best practices.
1. Planning & Needs Assessment
Key Steps:
 Resource Mapping & Baseline Studies
o Conduct surveys (land, water, forest cover).
o Example: Bangladesh Forest Inventory
(BFI) assesses deforestation rates.
 Stakeholder Consultation
o Engage communities, NGOs, and government
agencies.
o Example: Sundarbans Co-Management
Committees involve local fisherfolk in
conservation.
 Problem Identification
o Prioritize issues (e.g., water scarcity,
soil degradation).
Tools Used:
 GIS mapping, participatory rural appraisal
(PRA), SWOT analysis.

15. Step by Step program Implementation Procedure in NRM
2. Policy & Legal Framework Development
Key Steps:
 Align with National Laws
o Example: Bangladesh Environmental
Policy (2018) guides NRM projects.
 Draft Project Guidelines
o Define roles (government vs. communities).
o Example: Climate Resilient Participatory
Afforestation Project (CRPAP) under the
Forest Department.
Challenges:
 Conflicting laws (e.g., agriculture vs. forest land
use).
 Weak enforcement of regulations.
3. Funding & Resource Mobilization
Sources of Funding:
Source Example in Bangladesh
Government
Budget
Annual Development Programme (ADP) funds.
International
Donors
World Bank, UNDP, GCF (Green Climate Fund).
Private Sector Corporate CSR projects (e.g., water ATMs).
Challenges:
 Delays in fund disbursement.
 Corruption in procurement.

16. Step by Step program Implementation Procedure in NRM
4. Institutional Setup & Capacity Building
Key Steps:
 Form Implementation Committees
o Example: Water Management
Associations (WMAs) for irrigation
projects.
 Training & Awareness Programs
o Farmers taught climate-smart
agriculture by DAE (Dept. of Agricultural
Extension).
Example:
 Char Development and Settlement Project
(CDSP IV) trains coastal communities in saline-
tolerant farming.
5. On-Ground Implementation
A. Pilot Testing
 Small-scale trials before full rollout.
o Example: Solar-powered irrigation pilots in Barind
Tract.
B. Full-Scale Execution
 Activities:
o Afforestation, check-dam construction, fishery
sanctuaries.
o Example: Social Forestry Program planted 200,000+
trees in 2023.
Challenges:
 Contractor delays in infrastructure projects.
 Local resistance (e.g., land disputes).

17. Step by Step program Implementation Procedure in NRM
6. Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E)
Methods:
Method Example
Field Visits
Forest Dept. checks plantation survival
rates.
Satellite
Tracking
NASA FIRMS monitors Sundarbans fire
alerts.
Community
Feedback
Villagers report illegal logging via hotlines.
Indicators Used:
 Ecological: Forest cover increase, water quality.
 Socioeconomic: Livelihood improvements (e.g.,
income from eco-tourism).
7. Adaptive Management & Scaling Up
Key Steps:
 Review Reports & Adjust Strategies
o Example: Revised National Water Policy
(2018) after flood lessons.
 Replicate Successes
o Example: Model fish sanctuaries expanded
from Hakaluki Haor to other wetlands.

18. Case Study
Bangladesh’s Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) Program
Implementation Steps:
1. Needs Assessment: Identified flood-vulnerable villages.
2. Policy Link: Aligned with Bangladesh Climate Change
Strategy (BCCSAP).
3. Funding: UNDP & GEF support.
4. Activities: Raised homesteads, flood-resistant crops.
5. M&E: 30% reduction in flood damage in pilot areas.
Key Challenges in NRM Program Implementation
6. Bureaucratic Hurdles: Slow approvals from multiple
ministries.
7. Data Gaps: Incomplete GIS or hydrological data.
8. Climate Uncertainty: Cyclones/floods disrupt projects.
9. Community Mistrust: Past failures reduce participation.
Best Practices for Effective
Implementation
✔ Participatory Approach: Involve
locals in all stages (e.g., Sundarbans
co-management).
✔ Digital Tools: Drones for forest
monitoring, apps for farmer advisories.
✔ Public-Private Partnerships
(PPPs): E.g., Rural electrification via
solar mini-grids.
✔ Transparent Grievance
Redressal: Hotlines for corruption
complaints.

19. Thank You
mihaque.iu@gmail.co
m