Acute organic brain syndrome refers to abnormal mental states that develop suddenly and last from a few days to 4 weeks, associated with intrinsic brain disease or physical illness. Delirium is the most common syndrome, characterized by reduced consciousness, disorientation, impaired attention and memory, and psychological/behavioral disturbances. Delirium has many potential causes including drugs, alcohol, infections, metabolic disturbances, and head injuries. Diagnosis involves EEG findings of slowed brain waves. Treatment focuses on identifying and addressing the underlying cause, with medications sometimes used to control symptoms like restlessness and agitation. Dysmnesic syndrome, also known as Korsakoff's syndrome, involves memory deficits and confabulation, often caused by thiam
The world’s population is ageing rapidly, and with it is coming to a significant increase in the number of
older people with dementia. This increase presents major challenges for the provision of healthcare
generally and for dementia care in particular, for as more people have dementia, there will be more
people exhibiting behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
BPSD exact a high price from both the patient and the caregiver in terms of the distress and disability
they cause if left untreated. BPSD is recognisable, understandable and treatable. The recognition and
appropriate management of BPSD are important factors in improving our care of dementia patients
and their caregivers,
A brief presentation about confusional states. Difference between coma. This presentation is focused on Pathophysiology, major causes and approach to diagnosis and diagnosis tools.
Dementia consists of verity of symptoms that suggest chronic dysfunction. Global impairment of intellect is the essential feature, manifested as difficulty with memory, attention, thinking, and comprehension
Approximately 15% of people with dementia have reversible illness if treatment is initiated before irreversible damage takes place.
The world’s population is ageing rapidly, and with it is coming to a significant increase in the number of
older people with dementia. This increase presents major challenges for the provision of healthcare
generally and for dementia care in particular, for as more people have dementia, there will be more
people exhibiting behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
BPSD exact a high price from both the patient and the caregiver in terms of the distress and disability
they cause if left untreated. BPSD is recognisable, understandable and treatable. The recognition and
appropriate management of BPSD are important factors in improving our care of dementia patients
and their caregivers,
A brief presentation about confusional states. Difference between coma. This presentation is focused on Pathophysiology, major causes and approach to diagnosis and diagnosis tools.
Dementia consists of verity of symptoms that suggest chronic dysfunction. Global impairment of intellect is the essential feature, manifested as difficulty with memory, attention, thinking, and comprehension
Approximately 15% of people with dementia have reversible illness if treatment is initiated before irreversible damage takes place.
TO THE SOUL OF THE PEOPLE WHO DREAMS BETTER DAYS AND PERFECT FUTURE WHO DIED THINKING THAT LIBYA IS WORTHY NOT THE LIBYAN
HOPPING OUR ALLAH ACCEPT THIS SMALL WORK
Understand the relation of psychiatry and some common cause of organic brain diseases.
Identify common organic causes of psychiatric presentations
Differentiate dementia and delirium
Principle management of dementia
Identify neuro cognitive domains, differences between major and minor neurocognitive disorders
in this slide set, the author describes 3D in the elderly and how to diagnose each separately and diagnose them without getting confused. Useful for emergency physicians and internal medicine neuro students
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
1. ACUTE ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME:
Are abnormal mental status that begins abruptly , run a course ranging from a few days
to 3—4 weeks.
It is associated with intrinsic brain disease with central dysfunction secondary to extra—
cerebral physical disease and intoxication.
THE SYNDROMS:
Delirium---- acute brain syndrome
Acute confusional state
Exogenous psychosis
Toxic psychosis
Metabolic encephalopathy
Dysmnesic syndrome-----Amnestic syndrome
Wernicke—korsakow syndrome
Quasin functional syndromes
Organic affective syndrome
Organic delusional syndrome
Organic hallucinosis
DELIRIUM
Most frequent and important syndrome
C/F:
Principal feature---reduction in level of conscious awareness((clouding)).
It is manifested clinically as disorientation in time/space, worse at night.
Other psychological symptoms:
Poorly sustained attention
Memory impairment
Liability of mood
Disordered thought and speech
Paranoid misinterpretion
Visual and auditory hallucination
1 DR MAGDI AWAD SASI 2014
2. Physical symptoms:
Restlessness , Tremor ,Ataxia ,Slurred speech ,Incontinance.
Behavior disturbance – wandering ,aggressive outbursts
Predisposing factors:
Age—any age- common in young children and elderly pts( dementia).
Environments – sensory and social isolation.
Drugs and alcohol abuse – predispose to delirium more readily
Pathophysiology:
The cerebral dysfunction lie in brain stem reticular formation , thalamic nuclei mainly
mid line. This leads to disturbance in arousal ,attention ,wake sleep cycle.
Diagnosis:
EEG--- slowing of alpharhythm (( 8—13)) cycles/ second
Emergence of theta (( 4 ---7 )) cycles /second
Bilateral symmetrical predominant frontal delta waves (( 3)) cycles/s
2 DR MAGDI AWAD SASI 2014
5. MANAGEMENT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Quite room
Minimum staff changes
Constant regimen
Repeated reassurance and explanation of medical procedures.
Revesible causes to be treated
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Vit deficiency
Electrolyte disturbance
THE MOST EFFECTIVE TREATMENT IS IDENTIFICATION AND ELEMINATION OF
THE CAUSE.
5 DR MAGDI AWAD SASI 2014
6. DRUGS USED IN TREAMENT:
Need of treatment –restlessness
Wandering
Combativness
Behavioral disturbance
Drug therapy-- symptomatic
1.Should be flexible
2.Dosage according to the age and severity of disturbance.
3.Timing ideal with nocturnal variation in behavior
Tranquilizer are effective.
Haloperidol oral I/M I/V
6 DR MAGDI AWAD SASI 2014
7. 0.5mg ---10mg /2 - 3 times
Crisis ---5 -10mg I/V highly effective , can be repeated ½ hourly
Phenothiazine---promazine ,chloropromazine,thioridazine
Affective in controlling agitation ,aggression , noisy, restlessness.
Oral or I/M --- 25mg elderly , 500mg young
Benzodiazepines--- diazepam
Effective in alcohol / drug withdrawal delirium
Disadvantage—excessive sedation and increased confusion in elderly
40—80 mg Diazepam daily orally or intravenously.
Chlormethiazole—
Short acting sedation and anticonvalsant with hypnotic properties.
Useful in 1.Alcohlo withdrawal 2. Drug withdrawal
Dose 1—1.5 mg daily orally
1 hour a day of 0.8% I/V
Risk of dependence
Prognosis:
Depends on causative condition
Commonest out come—complete recovery
MR 12%
DRUGS CAUSING DELIRIUM:
Tranqulizer and hypnotics—Barbsiturate,Benzodiazepine,Bromide,Neuroleptics.
CVS drugs---- Digoxin , B blocker , Diuretic
Anticholinergic – Hyoscine, TCA, Antiparkinson,Atropine ,Homatropine
Dopamine agonist—Levodopa, Bromocriptine ,Amantidine
Antituberculosis—INH , Cycloserine , Rifampicine
7 DR MAGDI AWAD SASI 2014
8. Antibiotics---Peniciline ,Streptomycine ,Sulphonamide
Anticonvulsants – Phenytoin , NA valporate
Others –Chloroquine , Hypoglycemic, Piperzine, Disulfiram
Drug withdrawal –Alcohol, Barbiturates ,BZA.
DYSMNESTIC SYNDROME: ― Korsakows syndrome‖
C/F:
Characterized by defective retention of memory of new information.
Retention span being less than one minutes with relative sparing of remote memory and
intellectual function.
Classically; the memory hiatus is filled by fanfasy memories ― confabulation‖
CAUSES:
A.Thiamine deficiency---- alcoholism , hyperemesis gravidarum
B.Wernickes encephalopathy in thiamine deficiency
Alcohol , Vomiting(( upper GIT obstruction , starvation ,anorexia nervosa,hunger shiker)
C/F:
Impairment of consciousness.
Progressing to coma
Ocular and conjugate gaze paralysis
Nystagmus
Truncal ataxia
C.Head injury
D.Encephlitis involving both temporal lobes
PATHOLOGY:
Small puntate haemorrhage in the region of mamary bodies.
8 DR MAGDI AWAD SASI 2014
9. In wernichs ,all the region of III ventricle of brain.
Treatment:
Thiamine 20—100mg daily for a week then contined orally over several wks
Treat the underlaying cause.
QUASIN FUNCTIONAL SYNDROMES:
1.Organic affective syndrome—
Major depression or mania---- drug ingestion // physical illness
2.Organic delusional syndrome—
Schizophrenia // schizo-affection psychosis with delusion , hallucination ,bizarre
behavior and though disorders.
3.Organic hallucinosis--Usually visual in colour
Drugs --- TCA , Antiparkinson , Digoxin ,B blocker ,Pentazocine
9 DR MAGDI AWAD SASI 2014