Acute kidny injery
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This document discusses acute kidney injury (AKI), including its definition, classification systems, signs and symptoms, and key points. AKI is defined as an abrupt decline in kidney function and is reversible over days to weeks. It is classified using the RIFLE and AKIN systems, which stage severity based on changes in serum creatinine and urine output. Left untreated, AKI can cause a buildup of waste in the body and lead to further kidney damage or failure of other organs. Common signs include decreased urine output, fluid retention, and fatigue. Prompt treatment is important as AKI constitutes a medical emergency.
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This document discusses chronic kidney disease, which slowly damages the kidneys over months or years. The main causes are diabetes and high blood pressure. As the kidneys become less functional, waste builds up in the blood and the patient may experience symptoms like fatigue, nausea, and swelling. Tests can detect kidney damage and declining function. In the final stages, called end-stage renal disease, dialysis or transplant is needed to clean the blood. Home treatments focus on controlling blood pressure and blood sugar, healthy eating and exercise, and avoiding smoking.
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The document provides information on chronic renal failure (CRF), including its causes, symptoms, progression, and treatment options. It discusses how CRF results from the slow, progressive loss of kidney function. As kidney function declines, waste builds up in the bloodstream and numerous health issues can develop. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms through dietary changes, medication, and renal replacement therapies like hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), also known as Acute Renal Failure, can be defined as an abrupt loss of kidney function over hours to days resulting in retention of waste products and electrolyte dysregulation. The document discusses the definition, epidemiology, classification, evaluation, and management of AKI. It provides details on the RIFLE and AKI Network classification systems. Common causes of AKI include acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to ischemia, nephrotoxins, or endogenous factors. ATN is characterized by patchy necrosis of tubular epithelial cells and higher mortality is associated with more severe AKI and underlying comorbidities.
Acute kidney injury
The document provides information on acute kidney injury (AKI), including:
1. It discusses the anatomy and function of the kidney and nephron.
2. It defines AKI and compares it to the older term acute renal failure (ARF), noting that AKI describes the full spectrum of injury from mild to severe.
3. It summarizes the stages of AKI severity according to the RIFLE criteria which classify AKI based on changes in serum creatinine and urine output.
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This document discusses renal failure and acute kidney injury (AKI). It defines AKI and outlines its causes, which include prerenal, intrinsic renal, and postrenal factors. The main types of intrinsic renal injury are acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, and interstitial nephritis. Signs and symptoms of AKI include oliguria, edema, and flank pain. The document also describes methods of diagnosing and classifying the severity of AKI.
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Dr. Ahmed Elberry provides an overview of acute kidney injury (AKI) including its definition, classification systems, causes, mechanisms, and clinical manifestations. AKI can be caused by prerenal, renal, or postrenal factors and results in a abrupt decrease in kidney function over hours to days. Common causes include ischemia, infections, drugs like NSAIDs, contrast media, and aminoglycosides. Patients with AKI may experience oliguria, azotemia, fluid overload, and electrolyte abnormalities.
Acute Kidney Injury
This document discusses acute kidney injury (AKI). It begins with the anatomy and function of the kidney, explaining that the nephron is the functional unit that produces urine. It then discusses definitions of AKI and acute renal failure (ARF), noting they are not synonymous, with AKI encompassing a spectrum of injury. Common causes of AKI are also summarized, including decreased renal perfusion, intrinsic renal disease, and urinary tract obstruction. Stages of AKI severity are described using the RIFLE criteria of Risk, Injury and Failure. Incidence of AKI in intensive care unit patients is estimated between 5-20% with high mortality.
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The document provides information on acute kidney injury (AKI), including:
1. It discusses the anatomy and function of the kidney and nephron.
2. It defines AKI and compares it to the older term acute renal failure (ARF), noting that AKI describes the full spectrum of injury from mild to severe.
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Acute Kidney Injury
This document discusses acute kidney injury (AKI). It begins with the anatomy and function of the kidney, explaining that the nephron is the functional unit that produces urine. It then discusses definitions of AKI and acute renal failure (ARF), noting they are not synonymous, with AKI encompassing a spectrum of injury. Common causes of AKI are also summarized, including decreased renal perfusion, intrinsic renal disease, and urinary tract obstruction. Stages of AKI severity are described using the RIFLE criteria of Risk, Injury and Failure. Incidence of AKI in intensive care unit patients is estimated between 5-20% with high mortality.
Renal failure
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This document discusses acute kidney injury (AKI), including its definition, clinical presentation, etiology, workup, and treatment. AKI is defined based on increases in serum creatinine and decreases in urine output. It can be prerenal, renal, or postrenal in etiology. Workup includes blood and urine tests, ultrasound, and possibly biopsy. Treatment depends on the cause but generally involves supportive care, identifying and removing nephrotoxic agents, and maintaining fluid balance.
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
1. The patient is experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI) as evidenced by his elevated urea and creatinine levels, which were previously normal.
2. The underlying mechanism is likely pre-renal AKI caused by the nephrotoxic effects of the ACE inhibitor (Lisinopril) medication prescribed for his hypertension. ACE inhibitors can cause afferent arteriole vasoconstriction leading to reduced kidney perfusion and function.
3. Management includes discontinuing the ACE inhibitor, optimizing his blood pressure with another class of antihypertensive medication, and monitoring his kidney function and fluid status.
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Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common and serious problem in clinical medicine. It is characterized by an abrupt reduction (usually within a 48-h period) in kidney function.
This results in an accumulation of nitrogenous waste products and other toxins. Many patients become oliguric (low urine output) with subsequent salt and water retention. In
patients with pre-existing renal impairment, a rapid decline
in renal function is termed ‘acute on chronic renal failure’.
The nomenclature of ARF is evolving and the term acute
kidney injury (AKI) is being increasingly used in clinical
practice.
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This document provides information on acute kidney failure (ARF), including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and nursing care considerations. ARF occurs when the kidneys are unable to excrete waste from the body due to high levels of toxins. It is characterized by three phases: onset, maintenance, and recovery. Nursing interventions focus on monitoring fluid balance, electrolytes, output, diet, and preventing infections to support the patient's recovery.
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Acute Kidney Failure is a sudden reduction in kidney function that results in nitrogenous wastes accumulating in the blood.
Chronic renal failure is a Progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function in which the body’s ability to maintain metabolic, fluid and electrolyte balance fails resulting in Uremia and Azotemia.
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Acute and chronic renal failuree
pathophysiology of acute and chronic renal failure - Bestha Chakrapani associate professor Deparrtment of Balaji college of pharmacy , ananthapuramu-515004
Acute kidney injury
Objective Acute kidney injury
Know about definition of Acute kidney injury
Function of kidney
Sign and symptoms of AKI
Know about Risk factor of AKI
Understand about complication of AKI
Contents:
Introduction Of Acute kidney injury
Physiology Of Acute kidney injury
Pathophysiology Of Acute kidney injury
Clinical feature Of Acute kidney injury
Risk Factor Of Acute kidney injury
Diagnosis Of Acute kidney injury
Differential diagnosis Of Acute kidney injury
Complication Of Acute kidney injury
Management Of Acute kidney injury
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The document provides information on acute and chronic renal failure. It discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and management of acute renal failure. It also covers the introduction, etiology, symptoms, stages, treatment, and prevention of chronic renal failure. The key differences between non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are also outlined.
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This document provides an overview of acute kidney injury (AKI) including renal anatomy and physiology, epidemiology, definitions, diagnosis, biomarkers, and treatment. It discusses the kidney's role in fluid, electrolyte and waste regulation. AKI is common, affecting 5-30% of hospitalized or ICU patients. New definitions classify AKI severity into Risk, Injury and Failure stages based on creatinine and urine output. Causes include pre-renal, intrinsic renal and post-renal factors. Treatment focuses on fluid management, electrolyte control, nutrition and preventing complications through dialysis if needed. Biomarkers show promise in early AKI detection but management primarily relies on supportive care as no targeted therapies exist
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Chronic renal failure is a progressive loss of kidney function over months to years characterized by the replacement of normal kidney tissue with fibrosis. It is classified into 5 stages based on glomerular filtration rate and urine production. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. The pathophysiology involves loss of nephrons, glomerular hypertension from increased angiotensin II, proteinuria, and subsequent inflammation and scarring that leads to further nephron loss and declining GFR. Treatment focuses on controlling risk factors, restricting protein intake, and managing complications like anemia and hyperlipidemia.
Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is diagnosed based on increases in serum creatinine or decreases in urine output. It commonly occurs in 5-7% of hospital admissions and 30% of intensive care unit admissions. Causes in India include diarrheal diseases, sepsis, malaria, drugs, and hospital-acquired injuries. Biomarkers like cystatin C, NGAL, and KIM-1 can detect AKI earlier and predict outcomes better than creatinine. Treatment focuses on managing complications, while prevention strategies include hydration and medications to reduce risks of contrast-induced or ICU-acquired AKI.
Acute kidney injury
The document discusses the pathophysiology and etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). It defines AKI and divides its causes into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal types. Common causes of intrinsic renal AKI include vascular diseases, glomerulonephritis, and inflammatory processes of the kidney. Prerenal AKI is often due to reduced renal blood flow from issues like dehydration, heart failure, or sepsis. Postrenal AKI is caused by physical obstruction of the urinary tract. Acute tubular necrosis is responsible for most hospital-acquired AKI and results from ischemic or toxic injury to the tubules.
Acute renal failure
Acute Kidney Injury.
ARF is defined as a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), generally occurring over hours to days, sometimes over the week that is associated with an accumulation of waste products, including urea and creatinine.
Presence of proteinuria/albuminuria for at least 3 months
A decrease in urine output.
Normal urine output of ≥1,200 ml/day
Patients with ARF are often categorized as being anuric (urine output <50 ml/day), oliguric (urine output <500 ml/day), or nonoliguric (urine output >500 ml/day).
Clinicians use a combination of the serum creatinine(Scr) value with change in either Scr or urine output(UOP) as the primary criteria for diagnosing ARF.
Kidney Injury
This document discusses kidney injury and renal failure. It begins by defining acute renal failure and its causes, including pre-renal, renal, and post-renal factors. Features of different types of acute renal failure are outlined. Chronic kidney disease is also discussed, including causes, stages based on glomerular filtration rate, and complications involving bone disease, cardiovascular system, and other organ systems. Management of both acute and chronic kidney disease is described. The document concludes with an overview of urinary tract infections, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.
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This PPT cover the concepts of Pathophysiology of Renal failure. It includes different types of renal failure ie. Acute renal Failure and Chronic renal Failure
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This case involves a 7-year-old female presenting with acute renal failure, facial swelling, and hematuria. She had been treated for malaria and pneumonia in the past month. Her creatinine was elevated at 1711 umol/L, indicating severe acute renal injury. Possible causes of her acute renal failure include an allergic reaction to antibiotics like gentamicin or cephalosporins, or nephrotoxicity from multiple antibiotic exposures over the past month. Her renal failure should be managed by discontinuing any nephrotoxic medications, aggressive hydration, and monitoring of her renal function.
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Acute kidney injury
This document discusses acute kidney injury (AKI), including its definition, clinical presentation, etiology, workup, and treatment. AKI is defined based on increases in serum creatinine and decreases in urine output. It can be prerenal, renal, or postrenal in etiology. Workup includes blood and urine tests, ultrasound, and possibly biopsy. Treatment depends on the cause but generally involves supportive care, identifying and removing nephrotoxic agents, and maintaining fluid balance.
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
1. The patient is experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI) as evidenced by his elevated urea and creatinine levels, which were previously normal.
2. The underlying mechanism is likely pre-renal AKI caused by the nephrotoxic effects of the ACE inhibitor (Lisinopril) medication prescribed for his hypertension. ACE inhibitors can cause afferent arteriole vasoconstriction leading to reduced kidney perfusion and function.
3. Management includes discontinuing the ACE inhibitor, optimizing his blood pressure with another class of antihypertensive medication, and monitoring his kidney function and fluid status.
AKI
This document provides information on acute kidney injury (AKI) for nursing students. It begins with learning objectives about the renal system, causes and stages of AKI, and the nurse's role in management. It then reviews anatomy and physiology of the kidneys, normal function, causes of AKI including pre-renal, intrinsic and post-renal, stages of AKI, assessment findings, and nursing interventions for each stage. The goal is for students to understand AKI, recognize patients at risk, implement preventive measures, and provide evidence-based care to optimize outcomes.
Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapies [autosaved]
In this presentation, Dr Ibanda discusses acute kidney injury and Renal replacement therapy in obstetric patients
Aki updated
Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common and serious problem in clinical medicine. It is characterized by an abrupt reduction (usually within a 48-h period) in kidney function.
This results in an accumulation of nitrogenous waste products and other toxins. Many patients become oliguric (low urine output) with subsequent salt and water retention. In
patients with pre-existing renal impairment, a rapid decline
in renal function is termed ‘acute on chronic renal failure’.
The nomenclature of ARF is evolving and the term acute
kidney injury (AKI) is being increasingly used in clinical
practice.
Acute renal failure.
This document provides information on acute kidney failure (ARF), including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and nursing care considerations. ARF occurs when the kidneys are unable to excrete waste from the body due to high levels of toxins. It is characterized by three phases: onset, maintenance, and recovery. Nursing interventions focus on monitoring fluid balance, electrolytes, output, diet, and preventing infections to support the patient's recovery.
Acute Kidney Injury 2013
The document discusses the history of dialysis and definitions of acute kidney injury. It notes that Dr. Haas invented the first dialysis machine for humans in 1928 but all 6 of his initial patients died. In 1943, Dr. Kolff created the second human dialysis machine from household items and successfully treated a patient with nephritis. It introduces the RIFLE and AKIN criteria for classifying acute kidney injury based on changes in creatinine and urine output. Studies found RIFLE and AKIN criteria effectively stratified patients by risk of poor outcomes like mortality and need for renal replacement therapy. Oliguria is highly sensitive but not very specific for predicting subsequent acute kidney injury defined by creatinine changes. There is
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Acute Kidney Failure is a sudden reduction in kidney function that results in nitrogenous wastes accumulating in the blood.
Chronic renal failure is a Progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function in which the body’s ability to maintain metabolic, fluid and electrolyte balance fails resulting in Uremia and Azotemia.
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Acute kidney injury
Objective Acute kidney injury
Know about definition of Acute kidney injury
Function of kidney
Sign and symptoms of AKI
Know about Risk factor of AKI
Understand about complication of AKI
Contents:
Introduction Of Acute kidney injury
Physiology Of Acute kidney injury
Pathophysiology Of Acute kidney injury
Clinical feature Of Acute kidney injury
Risk Factor Of Acute kidney injury
Diagnosis Of Acute kidney injury
Differential diagnosis Of Acute kidney injury
Complication Of Acute kidney injury
Management Of Acute kidney injury
Renal failure yapa.wijeratne
The document discusses renal (kidney) failure, which can be acute, chronic, or acute-on-chronic. Acute renal failure develops rapidly and requires identifying and treating the underlying cause. Chronic kidney disease develops slowly over time from conditions like diabetes or hypertension and leads to kidney damage. Symptoms of kidney failure include fatigue, nausea, and fluid retention as waste builds up in the bloodstream. The causes, stages, diagnosis, and historical terminology of renal failure are also outlined.
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The document provides information on acute and chronic renal failure. It discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and management of acute renal failure. It also covers the introduction, etiology, symptoms, stages, treatment, and prevention of chronic renal failure. The key differences between non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are also outlined.
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This document provides an overview of acute kidney injury (AKI) including renal anatomy and physiology, epidemiology, definitions, diagnosis, biomarkers, and treatment. It discusses the kidney's role in fluid, electrolyte and waste regulation. AKI is common, affecting 5-30% of hospitalized or ICU patients. New definitions classify AKI severity into Risk, Injury and Failure stages based on creatinine and urine output. Causes include pre-renal, intrinsic renal and post-renal factors. Treatment focuses on fluid management, electrolyte control, nutrition and preventing complications through dialysis if needed. Biomarkers show promise in early AKI detection but management primarily relies on supportive care as no targeted therapies exist
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Chronic renal failure is a progressive loss of kidney function over months to years characterized by the replacement of normal kidney tissue with fibrosis. It is classified into 5 stages based on glomerular filtration rate and urine production. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. The pathophysiology involves loss of nephrons, glomerular hypertension from increased angiotensin II, proteinuria, and subsequent inflammation and scarring that leads to further nephron loss and declining GFR. Treatment focuses on controlling risk factors, restricting protein intake, and managing complications like anemia and hyperlipidemia.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is diagnosed based on increases in serum creatinine or decreases in urine output. It commonly occurs in 5-7% of hospital admissions and 30% of intensive care unit admissions. Causes in India include diarrheal diseases, sepsis, malaria, drugs, and hospital-acquired injuries. Biomarkers like cystatin C, NGAL, and KIM-1 can detect AKI earlier and predict outcomes better than creatinine. Treatment focuses on managing complications, while prevention strategies include hydration and medications to reduce risks of contrast-induced or ICU-acquired AKI.
Acute kidney injury
The document discusses the pathophysiology and etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). It defines AKI and divides its causes into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal types. Common causes of intrinsic renal AKI include vascular diseases, glomerulonephritis, and inflammatory processes of the kidney. Prerenal AKI is often due to reduced renal blood flow from issues like dehydration, heart failure, or sepsis. Postrenal AKI is caused by physical obstruction of the urinary tract. Acute tubular necrosis is responsible for most hospital-acquired AKI and results from ischemic or toxic injury to the tubules.
Acute renal failure
Acute Kidney Injury.
ARF is defined as a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), generally occurring over hours to days, sometimes over the week that is associated with an accumulation of waste products, including urea and creatinine.
Presence of proteinuria/albuminuria for at least 3 months
A decrease in urine output.
Normal urine output of ≥1,200 ml/day
Patients with ARF are often categorized as being anuric (urine output <50 ml/day), oliguric (urine output <500 ml/day), or nonoliguric (urine output >500 ml/day).
Clinicians use a combination of the serum creatinine(Scr) value with change in either Scr or urine output(UOP) as the primary criteria for diagnosing ARF.
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This document discusses kidney injury and renal failure. It begins by defining acute renal failure and its causes, including pre-renal, renal, and post-renal factors. Features of different types of acute renal failure are outlined. Chronic kidney disease is also discussed, including causes, stages based on glomerular filtration rate, and complications involving bone disease, cardiovascular system, and other organ systems. Management of both acute and chronic kidney disease is described. The document concludes with an overview of urinary tract infections, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.
Chronic renal failure（2010505）
Chronic renal failure is caused by various etiologies and leads to progressive loss of kidney function. It is characterized by fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, bone disease, cardiovascular complications, anemia, and other systemic effects. Treatment focuses on slowing progression through blood pressure control and protein restriction, and managing complications through treatment of mineral metabolism disorders, anemia, and other issues.
Pathophysiology of Renal failure
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Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapies [autosaved]
Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapies [autosaved]
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Drug induced nephritis
This case involves a 7-year-old female presenting with acute renal failure, facial swelling, and hematuria. She had been treated for malaria and pneumonia in the past month. Her creatinine was elevated at 1711 umol/L, indicating severe acute renal injury. Possible causes of her acute renal failure include an allergic reaction to antibiotics like gentamicin or cephalosporins, or nephrotoxicity from multiple antibiotic exposures over the past month. Her renal failure should be managed by discontinuing any nephrotoxic medications, aggressive hydration, and monitoring of her renal function.
Animal Disease Ecology and Amp; Transmission
1. Animal disease ecology and transmission involves the study of how diseases spread between animals and their environments. Key concepts include reservoirs, where pathogens live and multiply; ports of exit, how pathogens leave an infected host; and modes of transmission, how pathogens are passed between hosts.
2. Many factors can influence disease emergence and spread, including climate change, land use changes, increased animal densities, and globalization. Climate change can alter disease patterns by changing temperatures and rainfall in ways that increase vector populations. Changes in land use and encroachment on animal habitats can increase contact between wildlife and livestock.
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This document discusses acute kidney injury (AKI), including its definition, classification systems, causes, diagnosis, treatment including renal replacement therapy modalities, and management. It provides an overview of AKI and recommendations from clinical practice guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment. Key points include defining AKI as an acute decrease in kidney function and glomerular filtration rate, the RIFLE and AKIN classification systems, common causes of AKI including sepsis and nephrotoxins, the timing of nephrology consultation, and the use of renal replacement therapies like continuous renal replacement therapy for critically ill patients with AKI.
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The kidneys are essential excretory organs that filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The kidneys contain over 1 million tiny filtering units called nephrons. Blood enters nephrons via the glomerulus and is filtered, then most water and nutrients are reabsorbed. The loop of Henle and countercurrent mechanism allow concentration of urine. Hormones regulate water and electrolyte balance. The kidneys maintain acid-base balance and blood pressure while filtering wastes and drugs for excretion. Kidney disorders occur if filtration, reabsorption or other functions are disrupted.
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This document provides an overview of renal failure for healthcare professionals. It begins with defining normal kidney function and the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury and chronic renal disease. It then explores the collaborative management of patients with renal failure, including conservative therapy, nutrition management, pharmacologic treatment, and dialysis options like peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. The document covers clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies, complications, and the multidisciplinary care required for patients experiencing renal failure.
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Acute renal failure
This document provides an overview of acute renal failure (ARF), including its definition, symptoms, risk factors, anatomy and physiology of the renal system, diagnostic criteria, stages, classification, causes, and treatment. ARF is defined as a rapid decline in kidney function over hours to weeks that results in the buildup of waste products and fluid retention. The document discusses the key functions of the kidney in maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. It classifies ARF into pre-renal, intrarenal, and post-renal types based on the underlying cause and describes the pathophysiology of each type. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, managing complications, and potentially dialysis in severe cases.
Renal failure and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India
"Treatment & remedies for renal failure and its homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."/>
Chronic renal failure
Renal failure occurs when the kidneys can no longer remove waste and regulate fluids and electrolytes in the body. Chronic kidney disease develops gradually over months to years and initially presents no symptoms. As kidney function declines, waste builds up in the blood and the kidneys lose their ability to concentrate urine and regulate fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. Treatment focuses on managing complications through medications, diet, dialysis, and potentially a kidney transplant. The goals are to maintain kidney function and homeostasis for as long as possible.
Acute Kidney Injury
The document discusses acute kidney injury (AKI), including its definition, classification, causes, diagnostic evaluation and management. AKI can be prerenal, intrinsic renal or postrenal. Prerenal AKI is due to reduced renal blood flow and reversible. Intrinsic renal AKI involves direct kidney damage from factors like ischemia or toxins. Postrenal AKI is due to urinary tract obstruction. Evaluation includes urine and blood tests. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, maintaining fluid/electrolyte balance and preventing complications through supportive care and possibly dialysis.
Chronic renal failure (CRF)
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive loss of kidney function over months or years. It is defined as abnormalities in the kidney for 3 months with a glomerular filtration rate below 60. There are 5 stages based on GFR level with stage 5 being kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant. Common causes are diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Symptoms vary but may include fatigue, skin changes, edema, and electrolyte imbalances. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests to assess GFR and kidney damage markers. Treatment focuses on slowing progression through blood pressure control and managing complications.
Dr tasnim acute & chronic renal failure
This document provides an overview of acute and chronic renal failure. It defines renal failure as loss of kidney function and describes how acute renal failure has a sudden onset and is potentially reversible, while chronic failure progresses slowly over months or years. The major causes, symptoms, and metabolic consequences of both acute and chronic renal failure are discussed. Laboratory findings and management approaches for acute renal failure are also outlined. The document contrasts the features of acute versus chronic renal failure and describes problems related to end-stage renal disease as well as dialysis options.
ACUTE AND CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE.pptx
This document summarizes acute and chronic renal failure. It defines renal failure as a loss of kidney function below 10-20% of normal. Acute renal failure occurs rapidly over days and can be reversible, while chronic failure progresses over months and can lead to permanent damage. Causes of acute failure include decreased blood flow, obstruction, and glomerulonephritis. Symptoms include reduced urine output and elevated BUN and creatinine. Chronic failure is classified into four stages based on GFR loss and treated through dietary management, dialysis, and transplantation.
Undergraduate Nurses AKI Year Two
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RENAL FAILURE.pptx
Renal failure is a medical condition at which the kidneys are functioning at less than 15% of the normal.
Two main classifications
Acute renal failure or Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Chronic renal failure or Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY pqs.pdf
This document provides information on acute kidney injury (AKI) including its definition, classification, clinical features, management, and prevention. It defines AKI according to the KDIGO guidelines and discusses pediatric RIFLE criteria. It covers creatinine as a marker of AKI severity, novel biomarkers, epidemiology, etiologies, pathophysiology, investigations, treatment including management of complications, and prevention of AKI. The key aspects are early recognition and fluid resuscitation of pre-renal causes, monitoring of fluid balance and electrolytes, and avoiding nephrotoxic medications.
Renal presentation
Renal or kidney failure occurs when the excretory function of the kidney fails, detected by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and increased waste products in the blood. Renal failure is categorized as acute kidney injury (AKI), which is rapidly progressive and potentially reversible with treatment, or chronic kidney disease (CKD), which progresses slowly over months to years and is not reversible. Symptoms of renal failure include edema, vomiting, breathing difficulty, neurological issues, and others, depending on the type and severity of failure. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests to evaluate kidney function, while treatment ranges from symptom management to dialysis and transplant for end-stage disease.
Chronic renal failure
The document discusses chronic renal failure, including its causes, stages, symptoms, and treatment options. It defines chronic renal failure as permanent kidney dysfunction resulting in detectable health issues. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Treatment may involve managing symptoms conservatively or through dialysis and transplantation to replace kidney function. The goals of treatment are to delay disease progression, manage complications, and improve quality of life.
Group 3
The renal system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate electrolytes and fluid balance. They produce erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production and activate vitamin D to regulate calcium levels. Renal failure occurs when kidney function declines, leading to the buildup of waste and imbalances in fluid, electrolytes and acid-base levels. Treatment options for renal failure include dialysis and transplantation.
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Acute kidny injery
- 1. Acute Kidney injury Presentedby: Ghiada Al-Rashed
- 2. Objectives: What is acute kidney injury and its classification ?
- 3. Kidney function Secretion of three different hormones: Secretion FunctionExcretion Function Renin: regulate blood pressure Vitamin D: regulate calcium uptake Excretion product of the kidney: urine EPO: regulate red blood cell production Remove excess fluid Remove waste products Urea & Creatinine Regulate acid/base balance Regulate electrolyte levels 3
- 4. Acute kidney injury Defined as an abrupt or rapid decline in renal filtration function. Is reversible over a period of days or weeks. AKI is life threating injury and medical emergency.
- 5. AKI severe enough to result in accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the body; urea URAEMIA AKI marked by a rise in serum creatinine concentration AKI may cause sudden, life threatening biochemical disturbances MEDICAL EMERGENCY AKI cause reduce Glomerular Filtration Rate ….decreased urine excretion OLIGURIA
- 6. Serum creatinine & urine output should continue to be viewed as the best existing markers for AKI
- 7. Acute kidney injury Hospitalized patients (elderly and ICU). Lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney failure. This can also affect other organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
- 8. :Signs and symptoms Decreased urine output Fluid retention Drowsiness Confusion Nausea Seizures or coma in severe cases Fatigue Shortness of breath Chest pain or pressure
- 10. Classification of acute kidney injury AKI RIFLE classification AKIN classification
- 11. RIFLE classification of acute kidney injury • RIFLE criteria induce an increasing the degree of renal damage. • FOR grades the severity • on the basis of either increase in serum creatinine, decrease in GFR or decreased urine output. • Three level of renal dysfunction ( R, I, F) Risk Injury Failure • Two outcome measure ( L, E) : Loss End-stage renal disease
- 12. RIFLE classification of acute kidney injury
- 13. AKIN classification of acute kidney injury Modification of the RIFLE classification by ( Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) . For staged the severity ( not grade) Recognizes that small changes in serum creatinine (>0.3 mg/dl) adversely impact clinical outcome. R in (RIFLE classification) stage 1 I in (RIFLE classification) stage 2 F in (RIFLE classification) stage 3
- 14. AKIN classification of acute kidney injury
- 15. Take home massage Acute kidney injury is sudden loss of kidney function. There several causes of Acute kidney injury include less blood flow to kidney OR damage to the kidney OR block of urine from kidney. When the kidney dose not function well the west product build up in the body. If un-treated it will lead to death.
Editor's Notes
- erythropoietin
- AKI causes a build-up of waste products in your blood and makes it hard for your kidneys to keep a balance of fluid in your body. This can affect other organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs which may lead to heart failure or resipratory failure (when not enough oxygen passes from the lungs to the blood).
- Decreased urine output as a result of Glomerular Filtration Rate Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet Sometimes acute kidney failure causes no signs or symptoms and is detected through lab tests done for another reason AKI causes a build-up of waste products in your blood and makes it hard for your kidneys to keep a balance of fluid in your body. This can affect other organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs which may lead to heart failure or resipratory failure (when not enough oxygen passes from the lungs to the blood).
- Decreased blood flow to the kidneys. This can result from: Hypotension (low blood pressure) or shock Blood or fluid loss (e.g., bleeding, severe diarrhea) Heart attack, heart failure, and other conditions leading to decreased heart function Organ failure (e.g., heart, liver) Use of NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) Severe allergic (anaphylactic) reactions Burns Injury Major surgery Prerenal with structurally intact nephrons Renal with structural and functional damage Prerenal - As an adaptive response to severe volume depletion and hypotension, with structurally intact nephrons Intrinsic - In response to cytotoxic, ischemic, or inflammatory insults to the kidney, with structural and functional damage Postrenal - From obstruction to the passage of urine
- RIFLE classification focuse in the renal dysfunction + outcome
- Increase serum creatinine 2 time than normal Increase serum creatinine 3 time than normal ---------------------- Urine output less than 0,5 per KG per hours for 6 hours ----------- Milligrams per decilite
- AKIN classification focuse on level of dysfunction not out come