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- 1. GRAMMAR Singular Subject pronouns and the verb To Be Subject pronouns Verb To Be Short form Example I Am I’m I’m a student You Are You’re You’re my friend He Is He’s He’s a doctor She Is She’s She’s a secretary It Is It’s It’s a book Yes/ No Questions Affirmative Negative Am I I am I am not = I’m not Are you you are You are not= You’re not Is he he is He is not = He isn’t Is she tall ? Is it It is It is not = It isn’t Are we we are We are not = We aren’t Are you you are You are not = You aren’t Are they they are They are not = They aren’t Yes, she is She is not = She isn’t tall
- 2. SIMPLE PRESENT Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do. The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things. GRAMMAR SIMPLE PPRESENT TENSE Use to describe routines and habits Affirmative I You Negative Interrogative I sing I You don’t We We They They He you He She It sings Do they he She doesn’t sing It we sing? Does she sing? it
- 3. For verbs in the simple present tense add s,-es or ies for he, she, it S -es ies Takes Verbs that end in sh – Verbs that end in y ch –x –o. preceded by a consonant Brushes plays Watches Study-studies Fixes Cry cries Makes Goes ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY We use these adverbs to talk about how often we do things : Always usually normally Sometimes rarely hardly ever often never We put always, usually, etc. after be or an auxiliary (e.g. have, must): He is always late. I’ve often been to Spain for my holidays. You must never swim after a big meal. But we put always etc. before main verbs: I usually walk to work. She hardly ever drinks coffee.
- 4. We can compare the meaning of these adverbs like this: 0% never 100% always 5% hardly 90% usually 10% rarely 80% normally 30% sometimes 70% often (We usually say the word often without pronouncing the letter t.)
- 5. aunt Tía boyfriend Novio brother Hermano brother-in-law Cuñado cousin primo/a dad pá daddy papi daughter hija daughter-in-law Nuera father Padre father-in-law Suegro girlfriend Novia godfather Padrino godmother Madrina grandad abuelito, "abue" grandchildren Nietos granddaughter Nieta grandfather Abuelo grandma abuelita, "abue" grandmother Abuela grandpa abuelito, "abue" grandparents Abuelos grandson Nieto great-grandfather Bisabuelo great-grandmother Bisabuela husband esposo, marido mother Madre mother-in-law Suegra mom Má
- 6. mum Má mummy Mami nephew Sobrino niece Sobrina parents Padres sibling hermano/a sister Hermana sister-in-law Cuñada son Hijo son-in-law Yerno stepdaughter Hijastra stepmother Madrastra stepfather Padrastro stepson Hijastro uncle Tío wife esposa, mujer firstborn Primogénito oldest el/la mayor youngest el/la menor the baby of the family el benjamín de la familia twins Gemelos adopted Adoptado orphan huérfano/a relative Pariente acquaintance Conocido generation Generación ancestors Antepasados descendants Descendientes
- 7. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE 1. APPEARANCE:ASPECTO 2. ATTRACTIVE:ATRACTIVO 3. AVERAGE BUILD:DE CONSTITUCIÓN MEDIA 4. BALD:CALVO
- 8. 5. BEARD:BARBA 6. BEAUTIFUL:GUAPA, GUAPO 7. BEAUTIFUL:HERMOSO 8. BIRTHMARK:MARCA DE NACIMIENTO 9. BLACK HAIR:CABELLO NEGRO 10. BLOND, FAIR:RUBIO 11. BLOND, FAIR HAIR:CABELLO RUBIO 12. BRACES:APARATO DE ORTODONCIA 13. BRAID:TRENZA 14. BROWN HAIR:CABELLO CASTAÑO 15. BURNED:QUEMADO 16. CURLY HAIR:CABELLO RIZADO 17. DARK:MORENO, OSCURO 18. DARK HAIR:CABELLO OSCURO 19. DISABLED:MINUSVALIDO, DESCAPACITADO 20. ELEGANT, SMART:ELEGANTE 21. FAT:GORDO 22. FRECKLES:PECAS 23. GOOD-LOOKING:GUAPO 24. GREY HAIR:CABELLO CANOSO 25. HAIR:PELO 26. HANDSOME:GUAPO, (SOLO PARA HOMBRES) 27. HANDSOME:APUESTO, GUAPO 28. INTELLIGENT:INTELIGENTE 29. LAME:COJO 30. LIGHT HAIR:CABELLO CLARO 31. LONG HAIR:CABELLO LARGO 32. MAIMED:MUTILADO 33. MEDIUM HEIGHT:DE ESTATURA MEDIA 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. MOLE:LUNAR MOUSTACHE:BIGOTE MUSCULAR:MUSCULOSO OBESE:OBESO OLD:VIEJO ONE-EYED:TUERTO, OJITUERTO OVERWEIGHT:CON SOBREPESO
- 9. 41. PALE:PÁLIDO 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. PLAIN, UNATTRACTIVE:POCO ATRACTIVO PLUMP:REGORDETE PRETTY:BONITA RECEDING HAIR:CON ENTRADAS REDHEAD:PELIRROJO SCAR:CICATRIZ SCRUFFY, UNTIDY-LOOKING:DESALIÑADO SHORT:BAJO SHORT HAIR:CABELLO CORTO SIDEBOARDS:PATILLAS SKINNY, THIN:FLACO