The document discusses active learning, its principles, and methods such as the jigsaw strategy that promotes student engagement and higher-order thinking. It contrasts active learning with passive learning, highlighting the benefits of active engagement in skill development and collaboration. Additionally, it offers insights into effective questioning techniques and various tools to facilitate active learning in both traditional and online settings.

1. By
Dr.Shazia Zamir
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Education.
National University of Modern Languages
lslamabad

2. At the end of this session the participants shall be able
to:
• state the meaning of active learning
• explain the need for active learning
• discuss Principles of active learning
• define characteristics of active learning
• differentiate between active and passive learning
• Explain jigsaw method
• Connect active learning and Bloom taxonomy

3. • Active Learning
• Principles of Active learning
• Maps of Active Learning
• Active learning vs. Passive learning
• Jigsaw method
• Active Learning and Bloom taxonomy
• Active Learning Toolkits

7. Do you Know?
• Consider these statistics reported by Meyers and
Jones (1993).
• Students are not attentive to what is being said in
a lecture 40% of the time.
• Students retain 70% of the information in the first
ten minutes of a lecture but only 20% in the last
ten minutes.
• Four months after taking an introductory
psychology course, students know only 8% more
than students who had never taken the course.

8. • Mostly in our class rooms, there is no comparing,
analyzing, classifying, hypothesizing, generalizing,
synthesizing, evaluating etc.
• No thinking, no real intellectual challenge just-
“remember what’s in the book and fill in the right
column”
Most textbooks are….
Road blocks standing in the way of active learning
and intellectual Thinking.

9. Active Learning
• Active learning involves providing
opportunities for students to meaningfully
talk and listen, write, read, and reflect on the
content, ideas, issues, and concerns of an
academic subject. (Meyers & Jones, 1993)

10. Characteristics of Active Learning
• The elements of active learning are talking and
listening, writing, reading, and reflecting.
• “Students are involved in more than listening, less
emphasis is placed on transmitting information and
more on developing students' skills, students are
involved in higher-order thinking (analysis, synthesis,
evaluation), students are engaged in activities (e.g.,
reading discussing, writing), and greater emphasis is
placed on students' exploration of their own
attitudes and values.”

11. Some Goals of Active Learning
• Develop communicative skills
• Develop collaboration skills
• Encourage students to take responsibility for their
own learning.
• Practice creating shared meaning.

12. Active Learning can be summarized in
one word:
INVESTIGATE

14. Coverage anxiety
Q. Active learning activities
take time: how can I cover all
the material?
Questions

15. Of course, it is not easy to access everything
directly. Some things are distant in time,
space or both.
In such case, active learning requires primary
sources- “the residue of realities”

16. The myth of "coverage"
Faculty:
"Students won't/can't learn the material
unless I tell them about it."
"The more I cover in lecture, the more they
will learn."
Students:
"I can't learn from the textbook."
"It's not fair to examine us on things you
haven’t told us in class."

17. Questions
Q. Is active learning simply fun and games?
A. No. Active learning presents students with
problem solving challenges that require hard work.
Q. Doesn’t active learning require lots of time?
A. Yes—but its worth it. It gives students
opportunities to apply and reflect on what is
being learned.

18. Questions
• Q. Won’t students regard active learning as a
waste of time?
• A. Some will. Some prefer that you simply
deliver relevant information to them. A
challenge is to convince them that they will
benefit from active learning in the long run.

19. Questioning Techniques for Active
Learning
Formulate questions that encourage student’s
engagement:
• Descriptive questions: What did you see?
What happened?
• Definition questions: What does…mean?
• Procedure questions: What will we have to
do to find out…?

20. Questioning Techniques for Active
Learning
• Prediction questions: What will happen
next?
• Rationale questions: Why? Possibilities:
What is another possible explanation?
Justification: What evidence led you to
conclude? Generalization: What can we
generalize from these findings?

21. Active Learning Vs. Passive Learning
Passive Learning Active Learning
Text book, teacher talk Real World
Secondhand Knowledge Firsthand knowledge
One way thought process Multi dimension thought
processes
Memory tests Performance tests
Extrinsic Rewards Intrinsic Rewards
Test taking skills Multiple skills e.g Photography

22. Online learning(11:08)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hza-
EAff5Qk

23. Principles of Active learning
• Engaging Prior Understanding
• Role of factual knowledge and conceptual
framework
“A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with
several variations and contexts. It is used to make
conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong
conceptual frameworks capture something real
and do this in a way that is easy to remember and
apply.”
• Importance of self monitoring

24. Active
Learning
Clicker Questions
e.g Recall
Questions, critical
thinking questions etc
Deeper
Understanding
leads to
can
test
for
Formative
Assessment
promotes
are a form of
Higher
Bloom's
Levels
Should test
understanding
at
corresponds to
Concept map of active learning
Provide an
opportunity
for
can be done with
leads to
under-
standing at
occurs
during
correspond to
results from

25. Pros and Cons of Active Learning
Pros Cons
Builds a learning community Takes time
Tip: Students prepare ahead
Students are empowered and
engaged
Content Quantity and Quality
Increased retention,
communication, collaboration
and social skills
Perception of Peer credibility
Decreases social tensions Not easy to teach all topics

26. Active Learning is not always easy to
start
• Passive learning is much easier to evaluate than active
learning
• As rigid external educational standards for education
are imposed on educational institutions and
opportunities for active learning are largely blocked.
• There may be some resistance to active learning by
students who are used to lectures, students who prefer
passive learning, or students in large classes (who don't
expect it). Thus, you need to prepare students.

27. Jigsaw Instructional Strategy

28. Divide class into groups of 4-5.
These are students’ home groups.

29. Each member (color) of the home
group has a different role or task.

30. 1st Group
“EXPERTS”
e.g. A,B,C …
2nd Group
“Students teach
each other”
e.g. 1,2,3…

31. Each member in the home group
is also a member of an EXPERT
GROUP. Each expert group is
comprised of members with the
common role or task from the
home groups.

32. Expert groups meet to learn and
solidify the knowledge particular
to their specific roles or tasks.

34. • Divide the day's lesson into 5-6 segments. For
example, if you want history students to learn
about Abdul Sattar Edhi, you might divide a
short biography of his into stand-alone
segments on: (1) His childhood, (2) His family
life with Bilquis Edhi and their children, (3)His
Charity work, (4) travel issues (5) Honors and
Awards

35. Expert group members return home.
Each home member presents his/her
role or task information to group
members.

36. In home groups, students then
report or present on the issue –
each group benefitting from
compiled expertise and focused
experience.

37. Using jigsaw as an instructional
strategy promotes peer teaching as
well as group collaboration.

38. Wrap-up
• Active Learning
• Principles of Active learning
• Maps of Active Learning
• Active learning vs. Passive learning
• Pros and Cons of Active Learning
• Jigsaw Method

39. Instructor’s Responsibilities
• Topic Division
• Monitor Group Activity
• Facilitate Class Reflection
• Content and Exam Alignment

40. Student’s Responsibilities
• Efficient Self Starters
• Communication Skills
• Consultative Skills
• Higher order thinking Skills

41. Online learning
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QyNAJK
Gq7I(15:09)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwxmPrB
dIcQ(3:35)

43. ACTIVE LEARNING TOOLS
Big Blue Button
is an open source web conferencing system for on-
line learning. Big Blue Button enables you to share
documents (PDF and any office document),
webcams, chat, audio and your desktop.
Simulations
Educational simulations imitate a real
scenario, process, activity, or state of affairs.
Participation in a simulation requires the
student to perform specific tasks that emulate
real life situations or scenario.
http://citt.ufl.edu/tool-type/active-learning/

44. ACTIVE LEARNING TOOLS
Storyline
Overview Using Storyline, instructors can build
interactive content for online delivery, potentially
increasing the range and styles of active learning.
Interactive content options include screencasts,
simulation..
Clickers/Classroom Response System
refers to an audience response system that allows
instructors in a face-to-face classroom to collect real-
time data…

45. ACTIVE LEARNING TOOLS
Twitter
Twitter is a free social software and micro blogging
service that allows users to post, or "tweet," 140
characters of text in the style of a blog or RSS feed.
Posts can be made directly through the website…
Collaborative/Peer editing
refers to a group of students who edit a document
together. This can be done simultaneously in a face to
face environment or in a distance education
environment by using collaborative

46. ACTIVE LEARNING TOOLS
Quizlet
Overview Quizlet is a free online study tool that
students may use to choose from a variety of
interactive study activities including flashcards,
matching activities, and other learning games….
Virtual field trips
Overview Virtual field trips present a variety of content
for student learning in online environments. Virtual
field trips tend to be highly visual, and offer varying
levels of interactivity....

47. ACTIVE LEARNING TOOLS
Gamification
Overview Gamification is an approach to motivating
students to learn by incorporating game elements into
the learning environment. These game mechanics can
be used as motivational tools to encourage student ...
Virtual Laboratory
A virtual laboratory is an interactive environment for
creating and conducting simulated experiments...

48. ACTIVE LEARNING TOOLS
wiki
A wiki is a type of website that permits users to edit
available content. Wikis are designed with the
philosophy of making it easy to correct mistakes and
through collaboration, difficult to make mistakes….
Virtual Laboratory
A virtual laboratory is an interactive environment for
creating and conducting simulated experiments...

49. ACTIVE LEARNING TOOLS
Self-evaluation
refers to reviewing one's own performance critically.
Self-evaluations can be done individually or in the
context of a larger review...
Role Play
In role playing activities participants act as various
characters or roles. Role playing activities encourage
students to "put themselves in another's shoes" in
order to act out a fictional scenario. ..

50. ACTIVE LEARNING TOOLS
Virtual Reality (VR)
Virtual Reality is a technology that allows users to
interact in a computer-simulated environment.
Although there are many different types of VR…
Blended Learning
Knewton defines blended learning as any situation in
which “…a student learns, at least in part, at a brick-
and-mortar facility and through online delivery with
student control over time, place, path, or pace.”

51. ACTIVE LEARNING TOOLS
 A massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) is
an online course aimed at unlimited participation and
open access via the web.[1]
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfP92tlC
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qGx2DOaRZ8
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTlkUMEkA-8

53. Is active learning Good?
Questions/Comments