The document discusses active learning techniques that involve students directly in the learning process rather than just passively receiving information. It describes active learning as any technique that engages students through activities, games, discussions, problem-solving, etc. Some examples provided include learning groups, learning buddies, debates, writing assignments, brainstorming, and games. The role of the teacher shifts from lecturer to facilitator. Research shows active learning leads to better student outcomes like increased understanding and retention of material.