The document discusses active and passive voice in grammar. In active voice, the subject performs the action stated by the verb. In passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb. The active voice is more common and direct, while the passive voice is less usual. Examples are provided to illustrate the differences between active and passive constructions, including formulas using different verb tenses and the addition of modal auxiliaries. Positive, negative, and interrogative forms are also demonstrated for passive voice sentences. An exercise with examples of both active and passive voice sentences is included at the end.

1. AND
PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE VOICE

2. What is active voice and passive
voice ?
• The active voice is
the "normal" voice.
This is the voice
that we use most of
the time. You are
probably already
familiar with the
active voice. In the
active voice,
the object receives
the action of the
verb.
• The passive voice is
less usual. In the
passive voice,
the subject receives
the action of the
verb.
• The object of the active
verb becomes the subject of
the passive verb.

3. Grammar: Active and Passive voice
Active Voice
• Formula
S + V + O + adjective/adverb
• Examples of the sentences :
1. Agus gives Rany a present in
her birthday.
2. They punched the thief
yesterday.
3. You wrote application letter
for our company.
4. Andy kicks the ball.

4. Grammar: Active and Passive voice
• Passive Voice
• Formula
S + to be + VIII + by + O + Adjective/adverb
• Examples of the sentences :
1. The ball is kicked by Andy
2. Rany is given a present in her birthday by Agus.
3. The thief was punched by them yesterday.
4. Application letter was written by me for your
company.

5. Grammar: Active and Passive voice
Modal Auxiliaries in Passive Voice
• Formula
Modal + be + past participle
• Example of the sentence:
1. She can be judged as the trouble maker.
2. They should be transited in the guest
room.
3. We might be forgotten by them.
4. The paper shall be leaved here by Andy.

6. In passive voice, there is also positive, negative and
interrogative form of the sentence. The form is like the
common formula. The example as follow:
• Positive
1. The boy is not
accompanied by his
family.
2. The tiger is killed by
the hunter
3. They are leaved by the
teacher.
4. We are cheated by the
officer.
5. The garden is cleaned
by Lisa.
• Negative
1. The boy is not
accompanied by his
family.
2. The tiger is not killed
by the hunter.
3. They are not leaved by
the teach.
4. We are not cheated by
the officer.
5. The garden is not
cleaned by Lisa.

7. In passive voice, there is also positive, negative and
interrogative form of the sentence. The form is like the
common formula. The example as follow:
• Interrogative
1. Is the boy accompanied
by his family?
2. Is the tiger killed by
the hunter?
3. Are they leaved by the
teacher?
4. Are the cheated by the
officer?
5. Is the garden cleaned
by Lisa?
• Who – question
1.Who is accompanied the
boy?
2. Who is killed the
tiger?
3. Who are leaved by the
teacher?
4. Who are the cheated to
us?
5. Who is cleaned the
garden?

8. ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE

9. EXERCISE ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE
1) They often listen to music. - (Active)
2) She is reading the newspaper now. - (Active)
3) These cars are produced in Japan. -
(Passive)
4) Alan teaches Geography. - (Active)
5) German is spoken in Austria. - (Passive)
6) Lots of houses were destroyed by the
earthquake in 1906. - (Passive)
7) Henry Ford invented the assembly line. -
(Active)
8) The bus driver was hurt yesterday. -
(Passive)
9) You should open your workbooks. - (Active)
10) Houses have been built. – (Passive)