1. The document discusses action research and fundamental research, comparing their aims, scope, and characteristics. 2. Action research aims to solve practical problems through collaborative problem solving, while fundamental research develops new principles through systematic analysis. 3. The text provides steps for conducting action research, including identifying problems, developing hypotheses, collecting data, implementing solutions, and communicating results.

1. Dr. Samina

2. Meaning of
Fundamental Research
“”” Research is an honest,
exhaustive, intelligent searching of facts
and their meaning of implication with
reference to a given problem. The
product or finding of a given piece of
research should be authentic verifiable
contribution to the knowledge of field.”
-P.M.Cook

3. Action Research
“ Action Research is a
procedure that tries to keep problem
solving in close touch with reality at
every stage.”
Research in Education

4. Action research is a new
direction in fundamental research
by keeping it in different situations
to solve day to day problems.

5. Fundamental Research is a formal
and systematic process using scientific
method of analysis and generalization.
Action Research has adopted basic
concept of fundamental research but
emphasized on solution of the problem
rather than implementation of
principles.

6. Difference between Action and
Fundamental Research
Fundamental Research Action Research
1. It developed with Physical
Sciences.
1.It developed with Social
Sciences.
2. Its main aim is to invent
new principles.
2. Its main aim is to improve
the work system of school.
3. Its problem has a wide
field.
3. Its problem has a narrow
field.
4.Its problem is related to
general condition/ situation.
4. Its problem is related to
specific condition.
5.It needs special training. 5. It can be done without
special training.

7. 6. Realities and facts are
formulated in it.
6. Practical solutions to
real problems are found
in it.
7. Research design is not
changed in it.
7. Research design can be
changed in it.
8. Generalization is
emphasized in this type of
research.
8. Generalization is not very
much emphasized in it.
9. Researcher should be
specialist in this research.
9. This research can be done
by Managers and School
teachers.
10. Researchers don’t have
direct contact with the
problems.
10. Researchers have direct
contact with the problems in
this type of research.

8. Definition of Action Research
“ Action research is the research ,
a person conducts in order to enable
him to achieve his purposes more
effectively.”
Research in Education

9. “ Action Research in
education is research undertaken
by practitioners in order that they
may improve their practices.”
Corey

10. “ Action research is
research used by teachers,
supervisors and administrators to
improve the quality of their
decisions and actions.”
Good

11. Historical Background of
Action Research
- Collier used this word first in America at the
time of II World War.
-Emphasized that no reform is possible without
active participation of general human beings and
administrative officers in research work.
-Lewin in 1946 emphasized on the use of
action research in the field of Social Science to
improve Human Relations.

12. -Wrghtstone used this term in Curriculum Bauru.
- Tuba, Brady & Robinson used it to solve problem
-Stephen M. Corey from Columbia University
used it in 1953 in the field of Education in his book
Action Research to improve the Educational
System of School.

13. Aims and Purposes of
Action Research
 According to Anderson-To verify the
Principles of Education in actual school
environment.
 To improve Educational System by
desirable change in School Organization
and Administration.
• To give maximum importance to
Democratic Values in Educational
System.

14.  To contribute in the progress of school by
acknowledging and solving the daily
problems.
 To make progress possible by making the
teachers and students aware with their
loop holes/ demerits.
To bring desirable changes in the
Curriculum in real classroom
situation according to the needs of
that particular area.

15.  To make the Principal, Manager, Supervisor and
Teachers of the school aware with their
liabilities and responsibilities.
 To provide an opportunity to school authorities
to do scientific study of their problems for
improving their methodology.
 According to Best- To increase the
capability of Teacher’s progress,
Thinking Power, Vocational feeling and
cooperation.
• To improve different activities in
school and also uplift those
working for this.

16. Scope of Action Research
Maim Emphasis
Qualitative progress of
school by solving school
related problems.

17. Problems of Action Research
 Problems related with Child Behaviour (Stealing, Late
coming, Absence, Truant, Indiscipline,
Quarrelling, Delinquency, )
 Problems related to Teaching(Teacher related and
student related factors)
• Problems related with Examination(Due
to lack of objectivity and reliability in
the test, Lack of Diagnostic Testing,
Lack of collaboration between
Teaching and Examination)

18.  Problems related with Co curricular
Activities(Lack of facilities and time,
Unfavorable attitude of school
authorities)
 Problems regarding School
Organization and
Administration( Infrastructure
related and other problems)

19. Characteristics of Action Research
According to Anderson
1. It is conducted in real school situation.
2. It emphasizes on one particular situation.
3. It emphasizes on one particular situation as a
whole, not on different parts.
4. It does not have generalized rule for other
situations.
5. It invents new techniques for collecting material
& information.

20. 6. The researcher always keeps in mind the
possibility to reform himself.
7. The researcher becomes active participant in
the whole procedure from beginning till
end.
8. In this type of research the Principles,
Managers & Administrators of various schools
work in assistance with each other.
9. In it General Aims of school are changed,
new hypothesis are framed & tested.

21. Importance of Action Research
 Changes & improves work system of School.
 Emphasizes on establishment of Democratic
Values in school.
 Tries to finish mechanical & traditional
atmosphere of school.
 Inspires Principles & Teachers to collect their
earlier experience & get benefit out of it.

22.  Provides practical solution to the problems of
Teachers, Managers, Supervisors & Students.
 Try to establish school as miniature society by
making curriculum relevant to the society’s
demands, values & expectations.
 Organizes school activities in effective way for all
round development of child’s personality.

23.  Helps in dealing with the new situations of life due
to scientific discoveries.
 Develops feeling of love, cooperation & affection
among teachers.
 Helps Principals, Teachers, Managers &
Administrators in using scientific techniques &
objective method for improving evaluation.

24. Merits of Action Research
 Emphasizes on Practical Approach than
formulation of new Principles.
 Its experiment depends on change in reality.
 It finishes the tendency of centralization in
decision making & work.
 Researcher improves himself by solving his
problems necessarily.

25.  Emphasizes on realities & principles. Thus bring
changes continuously.
 Makes teacher familiar with those type of
solutions which could easily understood &
could be used.
• Brings change in the attitude &
thinking of the teacher before
changing his teaching method or
behaviour.

26. Demerits of Action Research
 Due to lack of training or experience it does not
have quality.
 Due to unawareness about the scientific method
of research, teachers sometimes don’t even
understand the problem & its solution.
 Due to very close connectivity of teachers /
supervisors with the problem of the school, they
sometimes find it difficult to find non biased
solution of the problems.

27.  The results of this type of research cannot
be used in any other situation.
 It is conducted by the teachers who are
already over burdened, which results in
deteriorated work efficiency of teachers .

28. Steps of Action Research
According to Anderson
1. Identification of Problem
2. Discussion over Proposals
3. Selecting the course of Action & Developing the
Hypothesis
(a) Plan to solve the problem
(b) Verification of the plan
(c) Achievement of Aim with the help of plan

29. 4. Planning for the collection of Data
5.Taking action & gathering evidence
6. Drawing conclusion from the Data
7.Communicating findings to others

30. Action Research
Project on School Problem
Problem: Truancy among students
Name of the School:
Number of Students:
Class:
Researcher:
Assisting Members:
Duration of Action Research:

31. 1. Background of the Problem
2. Discussion on the Problem
3. Identification of the Problem
4. Causes of the Problem
5. Work Proposals
6. Formulation of Hypothesis
7. Data/ Facts collection method
8. Implementation of Program of Action
9. Result of the Program
10. Information of the Results