A description of a new concept in dentin and enamel bonding - called the acid base resistant zone. points on features of the acid base resistant zone and summary of various studies
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Understand the microbial etiology of apical
periodontitis.
2. Describe the routes of entry of microorganisms to the
pulp and periradicular tissues.
3. Recognize the different types of endodontic infections
and the main microbial species involved in each one.
4. Understand the bacterial diversity within infected root
canals.
5. Describe the factors involved with symptomatic
endodontic infections.
6. Understand the ecology of the endodontic microbiota
and the features of the endodontic ecosystem.
7. Discuss the role of microorganisms in the outcome of
endodontic treatment.
8. Understand the development and implications of
extraradicular infections.
Smear layer is a controversial topic in the field of operative dentistry and endodontics. This presentation includes composition, concepts, structure, advantages, disadvantages, and removal methods of smear layer.
This presentation tells everything about composite resin from history to composition to usage protocols. A must read for all dental students before practicals and exams.
Tooth Colored Restorative Materials describes in brief regarding the various materials used as cements and crown for loss of tooth structure either by caries or other factors like trauma, GERD, Abrasion etc
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Understand the microbial etiology of apical
periodontitis.
2. Describe the routes of entry of microorganisms to the
pulp and periradicular tissues.
3. Recognize the different types of endodontic infections
and the main microbial species involved in each one.
4. Understand the bacterial diversity within infected root
canals.
5. Describe the factors involved with symptomatic
endodontic infections.
6. Understand the ecology of the endodontic microbiota
and the features of the endodontic ecosystem.
7. Discuss the role of microorganisms in the outcome of
endodontic treatment.
8. Understand the development and implications of
extraradicular infections.
Smear layer is a controversial topic in the field of operative dentistry and endodontics. This presentation includes composition, concepts, structure, advantages, disadvantages, and removal methods of smear layer.
This presentation tells everything about composite resin from history to composition to usage protocols. A must read for all dental students before practicals and exams.
Tooth Colored Restorative Materials describes in brief regarding the various materials used as cements and crown for loss of tooth structure either by caries or other factors like trauma, GERD, Abrasion etc
Resin based obturation / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Nervous system and mechanism of pain sensationDeepa jinan
summary of nervous system, including peripheral nervous system and central nervous system, a brief on nerve anatomy and functioning,gate control theory, mechanism of dental pain
The role of fluoride and chlorhexidine in the prevention of dental cariesDeepa jinan
a detailed description of the role of fluoride and chlorhexidine in the prevention of dental caries, including mehanism of action, modes/ routes of administration, dose recommendations, comparisons.
Description of restorative dentistry and its importance in forensic applications. This includes an introduction into forensic dentistry and its applications, historical aspects of forensic dentistry, specific applications of restorative dentistry and real accident case examples.
MONOBLOC IN ENDODONTICS - Root canal filling materials and concept of monoblocDeepa jinan
A description of the monobloc concept/ principle in endodontics including a detailed introduction and meaning of concept, classification of monoblocs in endodontics, various examples in monoblocs and a review of various studies undertaken using different monobloc systems and root canal filling materials
A detailed description about endo perio interrelationship, including introduction, development and etiology, historical aspects, definition, classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management, special consideration in management,controversies prognosis, conclusion.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
4. I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
4
Concept - Minimal cavity preparation widely
accepted
Placement of direct composite restorations using
adhesive systems
Dentin bonding systems simplified & improved
Mount GJ, Ngo H. Minimal intervention: a new concept foroperative dentistry. Quintessence Int 2000;31:527—33.
Mjo¨r IA. Clinical diagnosis of recurrent caries. J Am Dent Assoc 2005;136:1426—33.
Recurrent caries
major reasons for failure of resin composite
restorations
5. I
N
T
R
O
D
C
T
I
O
N
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
SECONDARY CARIES
5
Tooth restored with composite
Bacteria
Low ph
Activate
enzymes
Expose
collagen
Secondary
caries
Demineralizati
on of dentin
Microgaps
6. I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
6Mount GJ, Ngo H. Minimal intervention: a new concept foroperative dentistry. Quintessence Int 2000;31:527—33.
Mjo¨r IA. Clinical diagnosis of recurrent caries. J Am Dent Assoc 2005;136:1426—33.
Physical properties of
restorative materials
Oral hygiene
Marginal intergrity
Durable adhesion & bonding
SECONDARY CARIES - PREVENTION
7. I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
DENTIN BONDING SYSTEMS
7
Self-etching primer systemAcid etching systems
Acidic monomers
condition and prime dentin
surface
Roles of self-etching
primer & adhesive
combined to 1 application
step
Recognized by an
initial etching step
30—40% H3PO4 removes smear layer,
aggressive in demineralization
8. I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
8
Manufacturers have modified dentin
adhesive formulations
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
DENTIN BONDING SYSTEMS
Formulation of adhesives -
inhibitory effects on caries &
subsequent enzymatic degradation
Reports - using a single-bottle self-
etching adhesive, lower bond
strengths have resulted
Reducing technique sensitivity by
diminishing number of procedural
steps
Increasing resistance to acidic bacterial byproducts
at tooth–resin interface may effectively impede
progression of secondary caries
Creation of a zone that is acid-base resistant - ABRZ
Super Dentin Super Enamel
9. I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
9
To obtain good bonding to dentin - Monomer penetration into dentin and
its polymerization in situ - hybrid layer
COMPOSITE
ADHESIVE
HYBRID LAYER
SEM of the dentin hybridization formed upon
application of Adhesive
Theoretically
hybrid layer can
• Provide marginal
sealing of the
cavity
• Resist against
acid challenge to
prevent
secondary caries
Reported - none of adhesives
currently available
completely eliminate
nanoleakage along dentin-
restorative
interface
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
DENTIN BONDING SYSTEMS
10. Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
HYBRID LAYER
10
Key to all adhesively bonded
restorations is the formation of a hybrid
layer
Created after modification and/
or removal of the smear layer
Penetration of adhesive
monomers
Different for different types of bonding
agents
11. H
Y
B
R
I
D
L
A
Y
E
R
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
FORMATION
11
Acid
etching
systems
Created by penetration & polymerization of adhesive
monomers, after removal of smear layer & superficial
demineralization of dentin
12. H
Y
B
R
I
D
L
A
Y
E
R
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
FORMATION
12
Self etching
systems
Created by penetration & polymerization of adhesive
monomers, after removal of smear layer & superficial
demineralization of dentin
13. H
Y
B
R
I
D
L
A
Y
E
R
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
FORMATION
13
Self etching
systems
Created by penetration & polymerization of adhesive
monomers, after modification of smear layer & superficial
demineralization of dentin
Extremely thin (300 nm or less) these
adhesive systems categorized as
‘‘Nanointeraction Zone’’ type
14. H
Y
B
R
I
D
L
A
Y
E
R
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
VISUALISATION
14
Chemical approach
Hybrid layer subjected to Alternating application of an acid
and a base material - acid-base challenge
Hybrid layer visualized under SEM using
Acidic solution demineralizes
inorganic component, removes
HA, leaving
organic dentin components
Sodium hypochlorite remove
demineralized collagen- a clear
visualization of the hybrid layer
Chemical modifications
of interface
Mechanical modifications
of interface
1 2
15. H
Y
B
R
I
D
L
A
Y
E
R
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
VISUALISATION
15
Mechanical approach, argon-ion beam used to clearly
reveal the hybrid layer at the resin-dentin interface
Roughening of hybrid layer
through
Ar-ion beam etching caused by
selective removal of impregnated
resin component in demineralized
dentin
As a result of the edge effect of the
etched surface, this layer was
clearly distinct in the secondary
electron image of the interface
16. H
Y
B
R
I
D
L
A
Y
E
R
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
VISUALISATION
16
Acid-etching systems –
Clearly identify the hybrid layer by such chemical
or mechanical modification techniques
Self-etching primer adhesive systems
SEM observation of the hybrid layer using
sencountered limitations, since the hybrid
layerobserved was very thin
With development of simplified dentin bonding observation
method shifted from SEM to TEM, which provides images with
more interfacial details
SEM TEM
17. A
B
R
Z
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
17
Reinforced and modified dentin - superior resistance
against Acid challenge
Preventing formation of
secondary caries at
restorative margin
Several methods have been developed for laboratory
evaluation of secondary caries
Assessing demineralized lesions and
inhibition zones of dentin after acid challengePolarized light microscopy
Microhardness
Confocal laser-scanning
microscopy
Xray
analytical microscope
Scanning electron microscopy
Transmission electron
microscopy
Secondary caries arises from acid
production by microorganisms
Sealing of restoration
margins
Promotion of
restoration durability
18. Using an SEM, Tsuchiya et al. foremost observed artificial
secondary caries inhibition around restorations bonded to
bovine root dentin
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
ACID BASE RESISTANT ZONE
‘‘Acid—base resistant zone’’ (ABRZ) found beneath the hybrid layer
18
Different from inhibition zone
formed due to release of fluoride
from materials - GIC
ABRZ was formed in spite of the
adhesive being fluoride-free
19. A
B
R
Z
To observe the ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after in vitro
sequential challenge by acidic and basic chemicals around adhesive
restorations
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
PIONEER STUDY
19
Reactmer
Bond and
Reactmer
Paste BOX SHAPED CAVITIES IN
ROOT DENTIN
Clearfil SE
Bond &
Clearfil AP-X
Clearfil ABF
(experimental)
Clearfil AP-X
Single Bond
and
Clearfil AP-X
F-releasing restoration, RB/RP
thick acid-resistant zone
observed adjacent to restoration;
bonding resin, partially degraded
by AB challenge
For SE/APX, ABF/APX and
SB/APX, the bonding resins were
resistant to the acid-base
challenge
BOX SHAPED CAVITY
PREPARATION
NAIL VARNISH
DEMINERALISING
SOLUTION, PH 4.5
20MIN
1 Week in
water at 37
C
NaOCl 20 mins
SECTIONING
TRIMMING,
POLISHING, ARGON
ION ETCHING
SEM OBSERVATION
20. A
B
R
Z
Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DD, Waidyasekera K, Inoue G, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Assessment of the nanostructure of acid-base resistant zone by
the application of all-in-one adhesive systems: Super dentin formation. Biomed Mater Eng 2009; 19: 163-171.
INFLUENCE OF SELF ETCH PRIMER SYSTEMS
20
SB- Adhesive layer not damaged,
thick hybrid layer partially degraded
– nanometer sized pores within the
hybrid layer
RB – Degradation of adhesive –
solubilize of glass fibres
ABRZ – F release
SE & ABF – Adhesive not damaged
ABRZ Beneath thin hybrid layer
21. A
B
R
Z
Self etch adhesive
systems
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
MECHANISM OF FORMATION
Residual HA
left around the collagen
fibrils, hybrid layer
21
Morphology of ABRZ was
dependent
on the composition of the
adhesive material
Receptor for
chemical interactions
with functional
monomersA Strong interaction
b/w HA & monomer -
enhance adhesive-
dentin interface stability
against acid attack
Demineralize dentin
partially
Water solubility of resulting
salts varied among different
acid functional monomers
22. A
B
R
Z
Caries free & Caries affected
dentin
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
SUPER DENTIN
Self etch systems
22
Thicker ABRZ In presence of
fluoride ions
Functional monomers
influence formation
Duration of acid base
challenge
ABRZ: acid-base resistant zone, B:
bonding, CR:composite resin, D:
dentin, HL: hybrid layer, OL: outer
legion
23. A
B
R
Z
Formation of an enamel ABRZ - Li et al
Li N, Nikaido T, Takagaki T, et al. The role of functional monomers in bonding to enamel: acid-base resistant zone and bonding performance.
J Dent. 2010;38(9):722-730.
SUPER ENAMEL
23
ABRZ in enamel similar to that in dentin
ABRZ not below bonding surface – at interface
Parts not dissolved after acid base challenge
High mineral content – matrix structure different from dentin collagen network
HAP Crystals distributed all over demineralized layer
24. A
B
R
Z
Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DD, Waidyasekera K, Inoue G, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Assessment of the nanostructure of acid-base resistant zone by
the application of all-in-one adhesive systems: Super dentin formation. Biomed Mater Eng 2009; 19: 163-171.
INFLUENCE OF SELF ETCH PRIMER SYSTEMS
24
Ultrastructure of ABRZ at the interface of human dentin specimens
when
THREE DIFFERENT BONDING SYSTEMS WERE USED
Total etch –
Single Bond
Single step self etch
primer – Aqua Bond
PLUS
Two step self etch
primer – clearfil
SE
ABRZ clearly observed when self-etching primer systems
were used, but not Total etch
Phosphoric acid etched too strongly, which resulted in the disappearance
of ABRZ
Self-etching primer systems etched the dentin surface mildly -remaining
mineral phase of dentin
25. A
B
R
Z
Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DD, Waidyasekera K, Inoue G, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Assessment of the nanostructure of acid-base resistant zone by
the application of all-in-one adhesive systems: Super dentin formation. Biomed Mater Eng 2009; 19: 163-171.
INFLUENCE OF SELF ETCH PRIMER SYSTEMS
25
Ultrastructures around the adhesive-
dentin interface for single Bond.
Ultrastructures around the adhesive-
dentin interface for Clearfil SE Bond.
Ultrastructures around the adhesive-
dentin interface for AQ Bond Plus - A
thin ABRZ, Erosion around the
bottom of ABRZ
Good mechanical properties of the
adhesive rendered multi-functional
methacrylates
Nanospaces might be present
beneath ABRZ - incomplete
monomer penetration into the
demineralized dentin
26. A
B
R
Z
Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue1, Alireza SADR2 and Junji TAGAMI1,2. Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of
all-in-one adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
INFLUENCE OF FLUORIDE
26
Ultrastructure of dentin-adhesive interface analysed
FLUORIDE RELEASING SYSTEM & FLUORIDE FREE SYSTEM
Clearfil SE
bond
FL-Bond II(FL
II)
FL-Bond (FL)
Thicker ABRZ observed in fluoride releasing system
Formation of thick ABRZ related to fluoride release in
adhesive resin
Decrease the rate of apatite dissolution
27. A
B
R
Z
Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue1, Alireza SADR2 and Junji TAGAMI1,2. Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of
all-in-one adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
INFLUENCE OF FLUORIDE
27
Delta shaped region of ABRZ was formed from the upper
slope to the end of outer lesion
Amount of fluoride release from the adhesive systems
affected the level of dentin acid resistance at the interface
interface created at the dentin-adhesive interface by a fluoride-
releasing adhesive was more stable than that of a similar
fluoride-free adhesive
28. A
B
R
Z
Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue1, Alireza SADR2 and Junji TAGAMI1,2. Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of
all-in-one adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
INFLUENCE OF FLUORIDE
28
To investigate the effect of fluoride concentration in adhesives on
morphology of acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ)
SEVEN EXPERIMENTAL 2 STEP ADHESIVES WITH DIFFERENT
CONCENTRATIONS OF NAF
F 0
SEM images catogarized into three types
Concentration of NaF in the adhesive resin influenced the
amount of dentin structure remaining after acid-challenge
F 50F 10 F 20 F 75 F 90 F 100
29. A
B
R
Z
Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue1, Alireza SADR2 and Junji TAGAMI1,2. Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of
all-in-one adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
INFLUENCE OF FLUORIDE
29
Butt joint with no slope
formation
Slight slope formation of the
joint
Clear, round slope formation at
the junction
Sloped ABRZ formation was predominately
observed only in F90and F100
30. A
B
R
Z
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
CARIES FREE & CARIES AFFECTED DENTIN
30
Ultrastructure of ABRZ Using two step self etching primer (Clearfil Bond
SE)
IN CARIES FREE & CARIES AFFECTED DENTIN
Intact dentin -1 μm thick
Caries-affected dentin - 1.5 μm
thick
31. A
B
R
Z
Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes
Dent. 2004 Autumn;6(3):183-90
CARIES FREE & CARIES AFFECTED DENTIN
31
• Caries affected dentin - intertubular dentin is already partially demineralized
and more porous – more permeable to the primer than in normal dentin.
Intact dentin -1 μm thick
Caries-affected dentin - 1.5
μmthick
• Smear layer more porous than normal dentin - resin monomer penetrate
deeper resulting in a thicker hybrid layer
32. A
B
R
Z
Waidyasekera K, Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DS, Ichinose S, Tagami J. Reinforcement of dentin in self-etch adhesive technology: a new concept. J
Dent 2009; 37: 604-609
TEM EVALUATION
32
TEM was performed at the adhesive-dentin interface and selected area
electron diffraction (SAED) was performed to
Dentin reinforcement and secondary caries inhibition potential
Identify the type of crystallites present in ABRZ
Fluoride free self
etching adhesive
system
ABRZ formed With Clearfil SE & Clearfil protect.
Single bond devoid of ABRZ
ABRZ formed was a dentin-like structure but which was more
acid-resistant than normal dentin
Fluoride releasing
self etching
adhesive system
Acid etch system
33. A
B
R
Z
Waidyasekera K, Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DS, Ichinose S, Tagami J. Reinforcement of dentin in self-etch adhesive technology: a new concept. J
Dent 2009; 37: 604-609
TEM EVALUATION
33
TEM was performed at the adhesive-dentin interface and selected area
electron diffraction (SAED) was performed to
Identify the type of crystallites present in ABRZ
SAED confirmed the crystallites in ABRZ as apatite
ABRZ formed was not purely dentin, but rather a combination
of dentin and the adjacent hybrid layer
34. A
B
R
Z
Waidyasekera K, Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DS, Ichinose S, Tagami J. Reinforcement of dentin in self-etch adhesive technology: a new concept. J
Dent 2009; 37: 604-609
TEM EVALUATION
34
Clearfil SE Bond. ABRZ is
pointed with arrows
Clearfil Protect Bond-ABRZ
SingleBond- Hybrid layer is
pointed with arrows
35. A
B
R
Z
Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue1, Alireza SADR2 and Junji TAGAMI1,2. Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of
all-in-one adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
INFLUENCE BY ACIDIC SOLUTION
35
Ultrastructure of dentin-adhesive interface analysed using two all-in-one
adhesive systems (Clearfil Tri-S Bond, TB; Bond Force, BF)
AFTER DIFFERENT ACID-BASE CHALLENGES
Demineralizin
g solution
H3PO4HCl
Thickness of ABRZ created in PA and HCl was thinner than in
DS for both adhesive systems
Probably due to the higher degree of acidity of these solutions
ABRZ observed for both all-in-one adhesive systems
morphological features influenced by ingredients of both
adhesive material and acidic solution
36. A
B
R
Z
Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue1, Alireza SADR2 and Junji TAGAMI1,2. Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of
all-in-one adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
INFLUENCE BY ACIDIC SOLUTION
36
Ultrastructure of adhesive-dentin
interface in DS. Thickness of ABRZ
0.6μm
Ultrastructure of adhesive-dentin
interface in PA. ABRZ was thinner
than in DS
Ultrastructure of adhesive-dentin
interface in HCl. Thickness of ABRZ
0.2 μm
Morphological characteristics and demineralization kinetics of ABRZ different
from normal dentin.
37. A
B
R
Z
Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue1, Alireza SADR2 and Junji TAGAMI1,2. Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of
all-in-one adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
INFLUENCE BY ACIDIC SOLUTION
37
Ultrastructure of adhesive-dentin
interface in DS. Thickness of ABRZ
0.6μm
Morphological characteristics and demineralization kinetics of ABRZ different
from normal dentin.
Thickness of ABRZ 0.6
μm, with a sloping border and a
broadening bottom effect o f Fl
Clearfil Tri-S
Bond
Bond Force
38. A
B
R
Z
Li N, Nikaido T, Takagaki T, et al. The role of functional monomers in bonding to enamel: acid-base resistant zone and bonding performance.
J Dent. 2010;38(9):722-730.
INFLUENCE0F FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS
38
MDP monomer interacted chemically with hydroxyapatite forming strong and
stable ionic bonds with calcium
10-MDP > 4META > Phenyl P
MDP HA
Ca
This reaction produced a MDP-calcium salt that had a lower solubility
Yoshida et al- Chemical bonding potential different among functional
monomers
The length and flexibility of alkyl spacer chain – effect on polymerization
reactivity of functional monomers
MDP – Long linear alkyl chain and a phosphoric acid ester group that
increases polymerization efficacy
39. A
B
R
Z
Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DD, Waidyasekera K, Inoue G, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Assessment of the nanostructure of acid-base resistant zone by
the application of all-in-one adhesive systems: Super dentin formation. Biomed Mater Eng 2009; 19: 163-171.
INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS
39
Ultrastructure of Enamel-adhesive interface analysed influence of
interchanging functional monomers has not been investigatedfor two-step
self-etching adhesive systems
CONTAINING DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS
MDP
Primer & Bonding
Phenyl P –
Primer
MDP - Bonding
MDP – Primer
Phenyl P -
Bonding
ABRZ found in all adhesive systems containing MDP either in
primer or bond
P-M Group had thickest ABRZ
P-P Group
Lower curing efficacy
Limited chemical bonding capacity
Resulting Ca Salts susceptible to dissolution
Phenyl P
Primer &
Bonding
40. A
B
R
Z
Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue1, Alireza SADR2 and Junji TAGAMI1,2. Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of
all-in-one adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
INFLUENCE0F FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS
40
Ultrastructure of enamel-adhesive
interface after acid–base challenge
in M–M group. Thickness of ABRZ
0.5μm
Ultrastructure of enamel-adhesive
interface after acid–base challenge
in M–P group. Thickness of ABRZ
0.2μm
41. A
B
R
Z
Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue1, Alireza SADR2 and Junji TAGAMI1,2. Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of
all-in-one adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
INFLUENCEOF FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS
41
Ultrastructure of enamel-adhesive
interface after acid–base challenge
in P–M group. Thickness of ABRZ
1μm –
Etching with Phenyl-P produced a
deeper and porous etchingpattern
Ultrastructure of enamel-adhesive
interface after acid–base challenge
in P–P group. ABRZ Absent
42. A
B
R
Z
Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DD, Waidyasekera K, Inoue G, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Assessment of the nanostructure of acid-base resistant zone by
the application of all-in-one adhesive systems: Super dentin formation. Biomed Mater Eng 2009; 19: 163-171.
INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS
42
Effect of functional monomers in all-in-one adhesive systems on
formation of acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) in enamel and dentin was
analysed
Experimental adhesive systems containing three functional monomers
MDP 4-META3D-SR
Formation of enamel/dentin ABRZ was confirmed in all adhesives, but the
morphology was influenced by the functional monomers
Enamel ABRZ was thinner than dentin ABRZ in all adhesives
Differences in chemical interaction between HA and the functional
monomers of the adhesives - ultrastructural differences of the adhesive-
dentin interface
MDP 3D-SR
43. A
B
R
Z
Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DD, Waidyasekera K, Inoue G, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Assessment of the nanostructure of acid-base resistant zone by
the application of all-in-one adhesive systems: Super dentin formation. Biomed Mater Eng 2009; 19: 163-171.
INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS IN ALL-IN-ONE ADHESIVE SYSTEMS
43
MDP-dentin, PH 1.9
Stable ionic bond with Ca
3D-SR-dentin, PH-2
Several phosphate groups capable
of interacting with Ca at multiple
sites
4-META-dentin, PH 2.2,
• Nanospaces caused by incomplete
monomer penetration
• Limited bonding capacity with ca
PH -
POTENTIAL TO
DISSOLVE HAP
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
DISSOLUTION
RATE OF SALT
FORMED
44. A
B
R
Z
Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DD, Waidyasekera K, Inoue G, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Assessment of the nanostructure of acid-base resistant zone by
the application of all-in-one adhesive systems: Super dentin formation. Biomed Mater Eng 2009; 19: 163-171.
INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS IN ALL-IN-ONE ADHESIVE SYSTEMS
44
4-META-enamel, PH 2.2,
• Nanospaces caused by incomplete
monomer penetration
• Limited bonding capacity with ca
MDP-enamel, PH 1.9
Stable ionic bond with Ca
3D-SR-enamel, PH-2
Several phosphate groups capable
of interacting with Ca at multiple
sites
45. C
O
N
C
L
U
S
I
O
N
Potential to create ‘Super tooth structures’
Li N, Nikaido T, Takagaki T, et al. The role of functional monomers in bonding to enamel: acid-base resistant zone and bonding performance.
J Dent. 2010;38(9):722-730.
45
Reinforced Dentin & Enamel – SUPER DENTIN/ENAMEL
Bear ability to prevent primary & secondary caries
Development of new materials -
Mechanical, Chemical & Biological protection of the dental
structures
46. R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S 46
• Mount GJ, Ngo H. Minimal intervention: a new concept foroperative
dentistry. Quintessence Int 2000;31:527—33
• Mjor IA. Clinical diagnosis of recurrent caries. J Am Dent
Assoc2005;136:1426—33.33.
• Tsuchiya S1, Nikaido T, Sonoda H, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Ultrastructure of
the dentin-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge. J Adhes Dent. 2004
Autumn;6(3):183-90.
• Li N, Nikaido T, Takagaki T, et al. The role of functional monomers in
bonding to enamel: acid-base resistant zone and bonding performance. J
Dent. 2010;38(9):722-730.
• Miho Tsujimoto, Toru Nikaido, Go Inoue, Alireza Sadr and Junji TagamI.
Ultrastructural observation of the acid-base resistant zone of all-in-one
adhesives using three different acid-base challenges. Dental Materials
Journal 2010; 29(6): 655–660.
• Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DD, Waidyasekera K, Inoue G, Foxton RM, Tagami
J. Assessment of the nanostructure of acid-base resistant zone by the
application of all-in-one adhesive systems: Super dentin formation. Biomed
47. R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S 47
• Waidyasekera K, Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DS, Ichinose S, Tagami J.
Reinforcement of dentin in self-etch adhesive technology: a new concept. J
Dent 2009; 37: 604-609.
Editor's Notes
MICROGAPS THAT FORM AT THE INTERFACE OF THE TOOTH & THE ADHESIVE SYSTEM ALLLOW FOR THE INFSION OF BACTERIAL BYPRODUCTS RESULTING IN SECONDARY CARIES
Secondary caries begins at the margin between dentin and the restorative material. Pertaining to this problem, bonding systems have been used — and perennially improved upon in a pursuit for better marginal integrity — to prevent the occurrence of marginal gaps.
From a clinical standpoint, creation of an ABRZ lends aid to the prevention of secondary caries.To date, many studies have been devoted to the prevention of secondary caries formation around composite restorations it has been carried out using
different methods such as polarized light microscopy5),
microhardness analysis6), microradiography7), confocal
laser scanning microscopy, and X-ray analytical
microscopy8).
In addition to the abovementioned methods,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
thickness and density of
the mineral crystals in ABRZ were different among the
all-in-one adhesive systems
This enamel ABRZ was found to be more
resistant than intact enamel and was referred to as “super enamel.”
Middle region of ABRZ thicker
SEM micrographs of TB specimens after acid-base challenge under ×3,500 magnification. On the left is dentin with outer lesion (OL), and the adhesive (Ad) and resin composite (R) are on the right.
μm thickness was determined through a pilot study. By standardizing the depths of the outer lesions across all the three acid challenges, it became possible to compare the effect of acid composition on ABRZ ultrastructure among the three acidic solutions.
SEM micrographs of TB specimens after acid-base challenge under ×3,500 magnification. On the left is dentin with outer lesion (OL), and the adhesive (Ad) and resin composite (R) are on the right.
μm thickness was determined through a pilot study. By standardizing the depths of the outer lesions across all the three acid challenges, it became possible to compare the effect of acid composition on ABRZ ultrastructure among the three acidic solutions.
This enamel ABRZ was found to be more
resistant than intact enamel and was referred to as “super enamel.”
SEM micrographs of TB specimens after acid-base challenge under ×3,500 magnification. On the left is dentin with outer lesion (OL), and the adhesive (Ad) and resin composite (R) are on the right.
μm thickness was determined through a pilot study. By standardizing the depths of the outer lesions across all the three acid challenges, it became possible to compare the effect of acid composition on ABRZ ultrastructure among the three acidic solutions.
SEM micrographs of TB specimens after acid-base challenge under ×3,500 magnification. On the left is dentin with outer lesion (OL), and the adhesive (Ad) and resin composite (R) are on the right.
μm thickness was determined through a pilot study. By standardizing the depths of the outer lesions across all the three acid challenges, it became possible to compare the effect of acid composition on ABRZ ultrastructure among the three acidic solutions.
This enamel ABRZ was found to be more
resistant than intact enamel and was referred to as “super enamel.”