![6
Lecture 6.2: Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly
Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint
Writing Abstracts &
TitlesInformative Abstracts
Abstract must represent the full argument:
-Topic
-Purpose of Study
-Methods Used
-Results
-Conclusions Drawn
Condensed!
“…bear in mind that [the abstract] will appear, detached from
the rest of the paper, in abstract journals and on-line
information services [i.e., databases]. Therefore, it must be
complete and intelligible in itself; it should not be necessary
to read the paper in order to understand the abstract.”
(American Institute of Physics Style Manual)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/abstracts-150904220205-lva1-app6892/85/Abstracts-6-320.jpg)
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Abstracts
- 1. 1 Writing Abstracts & Titles Lecture6.2: Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint
- 2. 2 Writing Abstracts Lecture 6.2:Adapted from Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles How important is the abstract and title of a scientific article?
- 3. 3 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Read Abstracts of … Graham et al.,1992 Mallin et al., 1995 Laughlin and Temesvari, 2005 Welter et al., 2006 Writing Abstracts
- 4. 4 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Informative abstracts —summarize information in the larger text see Graham et al.,1992, Mallin et al., 1995, Welter et al., 2006 Descriptive (indicative) abstracts —describe the kinds of information that will be contained in the paper rather than a summary of the information. {reviews and (sometimes) conference proceedings} see Laughlin and Temesvari (2005) Writing Abstracts
- 5. 5 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Variations Journal Articles (usually informative) By Field (By Journal) (see Graham et al.,1992, Mallin et al., 1995, Welter et al., 2006) Reviews (usually descriptive) (see Laughlin and Temesvari (2005)) Conference Presentations (usually informative) (see abstract submission guidelines) Word limit (usually 50-300 words) (see authors instructions) Writing Abstracts
- 6. 6 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & TitlesInformative Abstracts Abstract must represent the full argument: -Topic -Purpose of Study -Methods Used -Results -Conclusions Drawn Condensed! “…bear in mind that [the abstract] will appear, detached from the rest of the paper, in abstract journals and on-line information services [i.e., databases]. Therefore, it must be complete and intelligible in itself; it should not be necessary to read the paper in order to understand the abstract.” (American Institute of Physics Style Manual)
- 7. 7 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Logic and Structure 4 Basic Moves 1. Introduce the topic 2. Background and/or need for the study 3. Methods and results 4. Major conclusions and implications Informative Abstracts Find these moves in Welter et al. (2006). Note voice and tense. (LP_7.1 Handout)
- 8. 8 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Voice (usually passive) 4 Basic Moves (tense) 1. Introduce the topic Present tense 2. Background and/or need for the study As appropriate* 3. Methods and results Past tense 4. Major conclusions and implications Present tense Informative Abstracts
- 9. 9 9 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Writing Titles -“vie for attention” -the more revealing the more easily your readers can decide if they will read your article -a title that is too vague may be overlooked by your target audience -a paper that delivers something other than what is promised in the title can lose you considerable good will
- 10. 10 10 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles 1. The title should indicate the topic of study. 2. The title should indicate the scope of the study. 3. The title should be self-explanatory to readers in the target audience. Length? No rules (journal may have a limit) Do not use “clever”, “joke”, or “trick” titles (primary literature). Writing Titles
- 11. 11 11 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Writing Titles Factors controlling sex determination in turtles The roles of nest site selection and temperature in determining sex ratio in loggerhead sea turtles. Biochemical changes during hibernation Adaptations to environmental stress: the biochemical basis for depressed metabolic rate in hibernating animals Reproductive diversity in marine animals The role played by the chemical and physical properties of seawater in the evolution of reproductive patterns in marine animals
- 12. 12 12 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Writing Titles 4. Colons may be used in titles (but not necessary). Pre-Colon Post-Colon Problem: Solution General: Specific Topic: Method 5. Questions may be used in titles.
- 13. 13 13 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Writing Titles Entamoeba histoytica: Lipid rafts are involved in adhesion of trophozoites to extracellular matrix components. Hexapod origins: monophyletic or polyphyletic? Examples of titles using colons and questions:
- 14. 14 14 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Writing Titles Original Title: New “phantom” dinoflagellate is implicated as a causative agent of major estuarian fish kills. Published Title: Much to Dr. Burkholder’s dismay the title was shortened during the publication process. What do you think is the effect of the change, and why do you think that Dr. Burkholder was dismayed? New 'phantom' dinoflagellate is the causative agent of major estuarine fish kills
- 15. 15 15 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Writing Acknowledgements Journal of Experimental Parasitology Acknowledgments should be brief and should precede the references. Avoid footnotes. Disclaimers, funding support, and other circumstantial information should be included in the Acknowledgments section. -Financial Support Support for this work was provided by… This work was supported by a grant to…from… This research was funded by… -Thank you (reagents, reading, etc.) We are indebted to X for… We would like to thank… -Disclaimers
- 16. 16 16 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Writing Acknowledgements Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. H. Stenmark (Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway) for the cDNA encoding Hrs FYVE finger domains. The authors thank the members of the Temesvari laboratory for helpful discussions and for critical reading of the manuscript. The work was supported by a grant from the NIH (AI046414) to L.A.T.
- 17. 17 17 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Writing Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. Michael Childress (Dept. of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC) for assistance with statistical analyses. The project described was supported by Grant No. R01AI046414 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a Bridge Award from the South Carolina IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE). This material is based upon work supported by CSREES/USDA, under project number SC-1700312 (Technical Contribution No. 5396 of the Clemson University Experiment Station). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health, or the USDA. The authors thank the members of the Temesvari laboratory for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful discussions. Mittal et al., 2008 Voice: 3rd or 1st person acceptable
- 18. 18 18 Lecture 6.2: Adaptedfrom Penrose & Katz, Writing in the Sciences , Chapter 4(2010) & Lesly Temesvari’s “Module 5” PowerPoint Writing Abstracts & Titles Anatomy of a Journal Article 1. Title Page 2. Abstract (separate page in APA format) 3. Introduction 4. Materials and Methods 5. Results 6. Discussion* 7. Acknowledgements 8. Literature Cited *In addition to Discussion, some journals require a “Conclusion” section
- 19. Title Page Entamoeba histolytica:FYVE-finger domains, phosphatidylinositol 3-phospate biosensors, associate with phagosomes but not fluid filled endosomes Powell, R.R.1 , Welter, B.H.1 , Laughlin, R.C2@ ., and Temesvari, L.A.1 * 1 Department of Biological Sciences 2 Department of Genetics and Biochemistry Clemson University Clemson, SC 29634 @Current address: Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130 *Corresponding Author: Dept. of Biological Sciences 132 Long Hall Clemson University Clemson, SC 29634 USA Phone: 864-656-6387 Fax: 864-656-0435 Email: LTEMESV@clemson.edu Title Authors Affiliations Contact Ethics: Affiliations must be an accurate reflection of where the work was carried out. Ethics: Order of authors must accurately represent division of labor.
- 20. Order of Authors Powell,R.R.1a , Welter, B.H.1a , Laughlin, R.C2@ ., and Temesvari, L.A.1 * a These authors contributed equally to this body of work. “Primary” “First-Author”
- 21. Order of Authors Tobe listed as first author, an investigator must: (1) Have adapted the general hypotheses (his or her own or the senior author’s) in a detailed, systematic fashion, down to the actual detail of the materials and methods (2) Have participated in a major way in the analysis and interpretation of the data (3) Have written the paper (usually). “Case Studies in Biomedical Research Ethics” T.F. Murphy 2003
- 22. Order of Authors Powell,R.R.1a , Welter, B.H.1a , Laughlin, R.C2@ ., and Temesvari, L.A.1 * “Anchor” “Senior Author”
- 23. Order of Authors Tobe listed as senior author, an investigator must: (1) Have either formulated the original general hypotheses or provided significant intellectual resources for the work (2) Have provided constructive criticism of the paper during and/or after its composition (3) Have provided the laboratory space and/or finances for the experiment (4) Accept overall responsibility for all the findings of the paper and for the order of authorship “Case Studies in Biomedical Research Ethics” T.F. Murphy 2003
- 24. Order of Authors Tobe listed as a coauthor, an investigator must be recognized as having made significant contributions to the planning and execution of the research, methods and procedures, collection and analysis of data. “Case Studies in Biomedical Research Ethics” T.F. Murphy 2003
- 25. Order of Authors Gastroenterology Eachauthor must have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content of The paper and must approve the final version of the manuscript. Authorship should be based on substantive contributions to each of the following: (1) Conception and design of the study; (2) Generation, collection, assembly, analysis and/or interpretation of data; (3) Drafting or revision of the manuscript; (4) Approval of the final version of the manuscript. Adapted from Penrose and Katz, 2004
- 26. Order of Authors Science •Allauthors register on line and describe their contribution Annals of Internal Medicine •Each author signs a document indicating their involvement in the project •If one author declines to sign, the manuscript is sent back Many Journals: Author Contributions Statements Task 2: Authorship Case Studies PAUSE “Hollywood Style Credits”