This was a study aimed at bringing the merits of road pricing implementation, and drawing from lessons in other developing countries in order to solve the traffic congestion problem in the city of Accra.
This document provides an introduction to a study examining road pricing as a strategy to reduce traffic congestion in Accra, Ghana. It defines key concepts like road pricing, area licensing schemes, electronic road pricing systems. It acknowledges traffic congestion is a serious problem in Accra and many developing countries that threatens socio-economic development. The document assumes road expansion is not possible and road pricing may encourage more public transport use. It establishes traffic congestion in Accra is a problem and poses research questions on how it can be effectively managed through road pricing while addressing potential challenges and prospects of implementing such a strategy.
[Urban transportation] city presentation manila(philippines)shrdcinfo
This document summarizes public transportation issues and policy in Mega Manila, a metro area of 28 million people in the Philippines. It faces severe traffic congestion, with private vehicles occupying 70% of road space but accounting for only 30% of trips. The average bus commute takes 89 minutes. A national transport policy aims to create a safe, integrated, and sustainable transportation system, but current policymaking lacks coordination and resources for implementation. Plans are outlined to build nine additional mass transit lines by 2021 to serve 2.2 million additional daily commuters.
Land-Based Transport Governance in the Philippines: Focus on Metro ManilaAlthea Muriel Pineda
This paper aims to provide a situationer on transport governance in the Philippines, as they apply to Metro Manila. Metro Manila provides the arena for describing and analyzing the complexity and dynamics of transport governance in the country. This is occasioned by the number of local government units located in the metropolis (17 cities and municipality) as well as various national government agencies with transport-related mandates operating in the region. Metro Manila is also one of the biggest (13 million) and fastest growing metropolises in the world.
Increasing the Road Capacity Not Always Improves the Travel Time: A Before an...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the impact of reopening a formerly pedestrianized central square in Tirana, Albania to motor vehicle traffic. Data on travel times, waiting times, and passenger movement was collected for buses and passenger cars before and after the reopening. While travel times decreased in the central square, they increased in surrounding areas. Additionally, public transportation became overcrowded, pushing some passengers to use cars instead. In conclusion, reopening the square to cars did not truly solve congestion issues but rather shifted them to other parts of the transportation system. Encouraging alternative modes like biking or walking is presented as a more sustainable solution.
A Study on Traffic Management along EDSA in Metro Manilaharoldtaylor1113
This study examined traffic management along EDSA and Quezon Avenue in Manila. It found that most drivers disapproved of the newly implemented U-turn slots and believed graft was still common among traffic officials. Indiscriminate loading and unloading was identified as a primary cause of traffic buildup. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of new MMDA projects and policies at improving traffic flow and road safety.
- Bangalore is a growing city that has seen a large increase in vehicles, leading to traffic management issues.
- A three level approach to traffic management includes a traffic management center, traffic personnel in the field, and public/drivers.
- The Bangalore Traffic Management Center (B-TRAC) aims to improve traffic through intelligent signaling, enforcement cameras, and disseminating real-time traffic information to drivers. However, issues like construction works and a lack of road expansion still hamper smooth traffic flow.
Review of Transport Models in Indian Context & their sustainiblity in Indiayoougal
Despite the high cost of model development, and their short shelf life, little review of their performance has been done in India.
The presentation includes the basic introduction of models with their application & pros & cons in Indian scenario.
This PPT is based on urban transportation system. Name of this ppt is Urban mass transit system. Different types of mass transportation system are described in this powerpoint presentation.
This document provides an introduction to a study examining road pricing as a strategy to reduce traffic congestion in Accra, Ghana. It defines key concepts like road pricing, area licensing schemes, electronic road pricing systems. It acknowledges traffic congestion is a serious problem in Accra and many developing countries that threatens socio-economic development. The document assumes road expansion is not possible and road pricing may encourage more public transport use. It establishes traffic congestion in Accra is a problem and poses research questions on how it can be effectively managed through road pricing while addressing potential challenges and prospects of implementing such a strategy.
[Urban transportation] city presentation manila(philippines)shrdcinfo
This document summarizes public transportation issues and policy in Mega Manila, a metro area of 28 million people in the Philippines. It faces severe traffic congestion, with private vehicles occupying 70% of road space but accounting for only 30% of trips. The average bus commute takes 89 minutes. A national transport policy aims to create a safe, integrated, and sustainable transportation system, but current policymaking lacks coordination and resources for implementation. Plans are outlined to build nine additional mass transit lines by 2021 to serve 2.2 million additional daily commuters.
Land-Based Transport Governance in the Philippines: Focus on Metro ManilaAlthea Muriel Pineda
This paper aims to provide a situationer on transport governance in the Philippines, as they apply to Metro Manila. Metro Manila provides the arena for describing and analyzing the complexity and dynamics of transport governance in the country. This is occasioned by the number of local government units located in the metropolis (17 cities and municipality) as well as various national government agencies with transport-related mandates operating in the region. Metro Manila is also one of the biggest (13 million) and fastest growing metropolises in the world.
Increasing the Road Capacity Not Always Improves the Travel Time: A Before an...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the impact of reopening a formerly pedestrianized central square in Tirana, Albania to motor vehicle traffic. Data on travel times, waiting times, and passenger movement was collected for buses and passenger cars before and after the reopening. While travel times decreased in the central square, they increased in surrounding areas. Additionally, public transportation became overcrowded, pushing some passengers to use cars instead. In conclusion, reopening the square to cars did not truly solve congestion issues but rather shifted them to other parts of the transportation system. Encouraging alternative modes like biking or walking is presented as a more sustainable solution.
A Study on Traffic Management along EDSA in Metro Manilaharoldtaylor1113
This study examined traffic management along EDSA and Quezon Avenue in Manila. It found that most drivers disapproved of the newly implemented U-turn slots and believed graft was still common among traffic officials. Indiscriminate loading and unloading was identified as a primary cause of traffic buildup. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of new MMDA projects and policies at improving traffic flow and road safety.
- Bangalore is a growing city that has seen a large increase in vehicles, leading to traffic management issues.
- A three level approach to traffic management includes a traffic management center, traffic personnel in the field, and public/drivers.
- The Bangalore Traffic Management Center (B-TRAC) aims to improve traffic through intelligent signaling, enforcement cameras, and disseminating real-time traffic information to drivers. However, issues like construction works and a lack of road expansion still hamper smooth traffic flow.
Review of Transport Models in Indian Context & their sustainiblity in Indiayoougal
Despite the high cost of model development, and their short shelf life, little review of their performance has been done in India.
The presentation includes the basic introduction of models with their application & pros & cons in Indian scenario.
This PPT is based on urban transportation system. Name of this ppt is Urban mass transit system. Different types of mass transportation system are described in this powerpoint presentation.
Presented by MA & MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds, May 2015.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
http://on.fb.me/1KM7ahn
Traffic congestion in Metro Manila is a serious problem, with 10 alarming facts presented. The number of registered vehicles has increased dramatically, but road space has not kept pace. Public transportation accounts for most trips but a disproportionate amount of road space is used by private vehicles. Traffic costs the Philippine economy over 100 billion pesos annually. Causes of traffic include population growth, employment, and inadequate infrastructure. Proposed solutions include number coding, carpooling, improving public transit, and building additional road and rail infrastructure.
The document discusses energy consumption in the building and construction sector, with buildings accounting for 44% of energy consumption. It also shows graphs of vehicle miles traveled increasing dramatically in the US from 1960-2005 and discusses different models of urban transport and spatial structures like sprawling cities versus multi-polar centralized cities with public transportation as the focus. The document examines concepts like nodes, linkages and different types of urban movement patterns as cities evolve spatially over time.
Nicolae Duduta, Associate Transport Planner with EMBARQ, shares information on how biking, walking, and mass transport can reduce traffic accidents and save lives. For more information, view the EMBARQ issue brief on the topic, <a>"Saving Lives with Sustainable Transport"</a>.
India’s urban population is currently around 30% of its total population. Experience across the world has been that as economies grow, rapid urbanization takes this proportion to over 60% before it begins to stabilize. As such, it is projected that India’s urban population would grow to about 473 million in 2021 and 820 million by 2051, as against only 285 million in 2001. Hence, cities must not only meet the mobility needs of the current population but also provide for the needs of those yet to join the urban population.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on Transit Oriented Development (TOD). TOD aims to create walkable, mixed-use communities centered around high-quality transit like buses and trains. The presentation outlines TOD goals of reducing car dependency and increasing transit access. It reviews literature on the relationship between TOD and rail accessibility. Case studies of TOD implementations in Delhi, India are discussed, which aimed to better integrate land use and transportation through zoning around transit stations. The presentation concludes that TOD can reduce private vehicle use and provide more sustainable transportation options.
Land Use & Transport Planning_Istanbul IETT Workshop 4_15 June 2015VTPI
The document summarizes a presentation on integrating public transport and land use planning in Istanbul, Turkey. It discusses how Istanbul aims to protect its historic center through sustainable transport, including improving mass transit. It recommends making Istanbul's historic center more walkable, bikeable, and accessible through public transit. The presentation also promotes transit-oriented development, complete streets, and other smart growth policies to create a more people-oriented city and reduce automobile dependence.
The document discusses transport problems facing major cities in India. It notes that while transport demand has increased substantially due to population growth and urbanization, public transport systems have not kept pace. As a result, there has been a massive shift towards private vehicle ownership and intermediate modes of transport. This has led to high traffic congestion in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Pune and Bangalore, whose infrastructure is unable to cope with the rapidly growing vehicle numbers.
The document discusses the large financing needs for sustainable transport systems in Asia over the coming decades. It notes that Asia currently faces major problems from congestion, air pollution, and road fatalities linked to unsustainable transport. Left unchecked, transport energy use in Asia is projected to double by 2050. National governments have a key role to play in leveraging financing and improving effectiveness through policies like mainstreaming sustainable transport into national planning, engaging the private sector, using local funding mechanisms, streamlining funding to local governments, implementing impact monitoring, and building capacity. Without action, Asia faces unsustainable outcomes, but with the right policies $5 trillion could be invested in sustainable systems with better outcomes for public health, the environment and economic productivity by
The National Urban Transport Policy was issued in 2006 by the Ministry of Urban Development to comprehensively improve urban transport services and infrastructure in India. The policy aims to ensure safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, and sustainable access for city residents to jobs, education, and other needs. It focuses on moving people rather than vehicles by providing sustainable mobility and accessibility for all citizens at reasonable cost and time. The policy involves making urban transport a priority in urban planning, allocating more road space to people over vehicles, improving public transport systems, and establishing institutional mechanisms for better coordination of transport planning and management.
Transportation planning is an integral part of overall urban planning and needs systematic approach.
Travel demand estimation is an important part of comprehensive transportation planning process.
However, planning does not end by predicting travel demand.
The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to generate alternatives for improving transportation system to meet future demand and selecting the best alternative after proper evaluation.
A presentation depicting what are the advantages of publicly owned and operated transportation system over privately owned and operated transportation system with suitable case studies of a few big cities.
The document discusses sustainability and urban transport in Kolkata. It begins with definitions of sustainability, sustainable development, and sustainable urban transport. It then covers existing urban transport issues in Kolkata, including heavy reliance on private motor vehicles, and outlines the National Urban Transport Policy and challenges with implementing the policy in Kolkata. Interviews with policymakers reveal issues like prioritizing private transport over public transport. The presentation concludes with the need for a balanced approach using both incentives and regulations to encourage more sustainable transportation choices.
The Driving Factors Behind Successful Carpool Formation and UseSmart Commute
This document summarizes a study examining factors that influence successful carpool formation and use through an online carpooling service called Carpool Zone. The study aims to understand individual and spatial factors that affect carpooling by analyzing user data from Carpool Zone. Previous literature found that costs, scheduling, and access to potential matches are important influences on carpooling. The study will analyze user characteristics, vehicle access, attitudes, and match accessibility to understand carpooling behavior. Insights from the study could help improve carpooling programs and policies.
Dario Hidalgo, EMBARQ’s Director of Research and Practice, presented a webinar on financing urban transport policies and programs. The webinar took place on December 10, 2013, and was part of a webinar series hosted by EMBARQ, the Clean Energy Solutions Center, and the Low Emission Development Global Partnership (LEDS GP) focused on planning and financing sustainable, low-carbon urban transportation.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The Gap Between the Public Transport System and the Automobile Industry Rory Van Wyk
https://www.miway.co.za/blog/useful-info/a-commentary-on-south-africa-s-dependence-on-the-motor-car-industry | We discuss the fundamental gaps between the South African public transport system and automobile industry. Learn about the implications of a lacking public transport system and its effects on the automobile and motor vehicle insurance industries.
This is the transportation planning module I developed for the Suncoast Section of the Florida APA's AICP prep course. I deliver it each March to help new professionals prepare for the exam.
Transportation problem with relevance to indian citiesSailish Cephas
This document discusses transportation problems in Indian cities, including rapid urbanization, rising motorization, and declining non-motorized transportation. This has led to issues like road congestion, parking shortages, air pollution, and deteriorating road safety. Specifically, it notes that urban populations and vehicle ownership are growing quickly, while walking and cycling infrastructure is lacking, forcing more people into private vehicles and exacerbating problems. Solutions will require better transportation planning and infrastructure to support all modes of transport.
Abstract M Sc Thesis Ujwal A STUDY ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEE...Ujwal Bastakoti
The document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical characteristics of Beeshazar Lake in Chitwan, Nepal. It was declared a Ramsar site in 2003 for its biodiversity. The study analyzed water quality, surface soil parameters, and tree species composition around the lake in three seasons. Water quality testing found the pH and hardness were suitable for organisms but dissolved oxygen was low. Nutrient levels ranked the lake as eutrophic to hypereutrophic. Surface soil was acidic with high phosphorus. Eleven tree species from nine families were recorded, with Shorea robusta dominating.
Presented by MA & MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds, May 2015.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
http://on.fb.me/1KM7ahn
Traffic congestion in Metro Manila is a serious problem, with 10 alarming facts presented. The number of registered vehicles has increased dramatically, but road space has not kept pace. Public transportation accounts for most trips but a disproportionate amount of road space is used by private vehicles. Traffic costs the Philippine economy over 100 billion pesos annually. Causes of traffic include population growth, employment, and inadequate infrastructure. Proposed solutions include number coding, carpooling, improving public transit, and building additional road and rail infrastructure.
The document discusses energy consumption in the building and construction sector, with buildings accounting for 44% of energy consumption. It also shows graphs of vehicle miles traveled increasing dramatically in the US from 1960-2005 and discusses different models of urban transport and spatial structures like sprawling cities versus multi-polar centralized cities with public transportation as the focus. The document examines concepts like nodes, linkages and different types of urban movement patterns as cities evolve spatially over time.
Nicolae Duduta, Associate Transport Planner with EMBARQ, shares information on how biking, walking, and mass transport can reduce traffic accidents and save lives. For more information, view the EMBARQ issue brief on the topic, <a>"Saving Lives with Sustainable Transport"</a>.
India’s urban population is currently around 30% of its total population. Experience across the world has been that as economies grow, rapid urbanization takes this proportion to over 60% before it begins to stabilize. As such, it is projected that India’s urban population would grow to about 473 million in 2021 and 820 million by 2051, as against only 285 million in 2001. Hence, cities must not only meet the mobility needs of the current population but also provide for the needs of those yet to join the urban population.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on Transit Oriented Development (TOD). TOD aims to create walkable, mixed-use communities centered around high-quality transit like buses and trains. The presentation outlines TOD goals of reducing car dependency and increasing transit access. It reviews literature on the relationship between TOD and rail accessibility. Case studies of TOD implementations in Delhi, India are discussed, which aimed to better integrate land use and transportation through zoning around transit stations. The presentation concludes that TOD can reduce private vehicle use and provide more sustainable transportation options.
Land Use & Transport Planning_Istanbul IETT Workshop 4_15 June 2015VTPI
The document summarizes a presentation on integrating public transport and land use planning in Istanbul, Turkey. It discusses how Istanbul aims to protect its historic center through sustainable transport, including improving mass transit. It recommends making Istanbul's historic center more walkable, bikeable, and accessible through public transit. The presentation also promotes transit-oriented development, complete streets, and other smart growth policies to create a more people-oriented city and reduce automobile dependence.
The document discusses transport problems facing major cities in India. It notes that while transport demand has increased substantially due to population growth and urbanization, public transport systems have not kept pace. As a result, there has been a massive shift towards private vehicle ownership and intermediate modes of transport. This has led to high traffic congestion in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Pune and Bangalore, whose infrastructure is unable to cope with the rapidly growing vehicle numbers.
The document discusses the large financing needs for sustainable transport systems in Asia over the coming decades. It notes that Asia currently faces major problems from congestion, air pollution, and road fatalities linked to unsustainable transport. Left unchecked, transport energy use in Asia is projected to double by 2050. National governments have a key role to play in leveraging financing and improving effectiveness through policies like mainstreaming sustainable transport into national planning, engaging the private sector, using local funding mechanisms, streamlining funding to local governments, implementing impact monitoring, and building capacity. Without action, Asia faces unsustainable outcomes, but with the right policies $5 trillion could be invested in sustainable systems with better outcomes for public health, the environment and economic productivity by
The National Urban Transport Policy was issued in 2006 by the Ministry of Urban Development to comprehensively improve urban transport services and infrastructure in India. The policy aims to ensure safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, and sustainable access for city residents to jobs, education, and other needs. It focuses on moving people rather than vehicles by providing sustainable mobility and accessibility for all citizens at reasonable cost and time. The policy involves making urban transport a priority in urban planning, allocating more road space to people over vehicles, improving public transport systems, and establishing institutional mechanisms for better coordination of transport planning and management.
Transportation planning is an integral part of overall urban planning and needs systematic approach.
Travel demand estimation is an important part of comprehensive transportation planning process.
However, planning does not end by predicting travel demand.
The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to generate alternatives for improving transportation system to meet future demand and selecting the best alternative after proper evaluation.
A presentation depicting what are the advantages of publicly owned and operated transportation system over privately owned and operated transportation system with suitable case studies of a few big cities.
The document discusses sustainability and urban transport in Kolkata. It begins with definitions of sustainability, sustainable development, and sustainable urban transport. It then covers existing urban transport issues in Kolkata, including heavy reliance on private motor vehicles, and outlines the National Urban Transport Policy and challenges with implementing the policy in Kolkata. Interviews with policymakers reveal issues like prioritizing private transport over public transport. The presentation concludes with the need for a balanced approach using both incentives and regulations to encourage more sustainable transportation choices.
The Driving Factors Behind Successful Carpool Formation and UseSmart Commute
This document summarizes a study examining factors that influence successful carpool formation and use through an online carpooling service called Carpool Zone. The study aims to understand individual and spatial factors that affect carpooling by analyzing user data from Carpool Zone. Previous literature found that costs, scheduling, and access to potential matches are important influences on carpooling. The study will analyze user characteristics, vehicle access, attitudes, and match accessibility to understand carpooling behavior. Insights from the study could help improve carpooling programs and policies.
Dario Hidalgo, EMBARQ’s Director of Research and Practice, presented a webinar on financing urban transport policies and programs. The webinar took place on December 10, 2013, and was part of a webinar series hosted by EMBARQ, the Clean Energy Solutions Center, and the Low Emission Development Global Partnership (LEDS GP) focused on planning and financing sustainable, low-carbon urban transportation.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The Gap Between the Public Transport System and the Automobile Industry Rory Van Wyk
https://www.miway.co.za/blog/useful-info/a-commentary-on-south-africa-s-dependence-on-the-motor-car-industry | We discuss the fundamental gaps between the South African public transport system and automobile industry. Learn about the implications of a lacking public transport system and its effects on the automobile and motor vehicle insurance industries.
This is the transportation planning module I developed for the Suncoast Section of the Florida APA's AICP prep course. I deliver it each March to help new professionals prepare for the exam.
Transportation problem with relevance to indian citiesSailish Cephas
This document discusses transportation problems in Indian cities, including rapid urbanization, rising motorization, and declining non-motorized transportation. This has led to issues like road congestion, parking shortages, air pollution, and deteriorating road safety. Specifically, it notes that urban populations and vehicle ownership are growing quickly, while walking and cycling infrastructure is lacking, forcing more people into private vehicles and exacerbating problems. Solutions will require better transportation planning and infrastructure to support all modes of transport.
Abstract M Sc Thesis Ujwal A STUDY ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEE...Ujwal Bastakoti
The document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical characteristics of Beeshazar Lake in Chitwan, Nepal. It was declared a Ramsar site in 2003 for its biodiversity. The study analyzed water quality, surface soil parameters, and tree species composition around the lake in three seasons. Water quality testing found the pH and hardness were suitable for organisms but dissolved oxygen was low. Nutrient levels ranked the lake as eutrophic to hypereutrophic. Surface soil was acidic with high phosphorus. Eleven tree species from nine families were recorded, with Shorea robusta dominating.
BIOMEDICAL PROJECT ABSTRACT-Digital pulmonary function test spirometryASHOKKUMAR RAMAR
This document describes a digital spirometer project that measures lung function. Spirometry measures the volume and flow of air inhaled and exhaled, and is used to diagnose respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD. The project aims to create a microcontroller-based spirometer that displays output as signals. It uses a turbine flow sensor and proximity sensor to measure tidal volume, with the sensor fan rotating proportionally to airflow. The sensor outputs pulses counted by a PIC microcontroller to determine volume and display readings on an LCD screen.
The document discusses image processing and extracting information from images. It notes that image processing can modify images and extract descriptions and interpretations to help machines understand scenes. The system allows users to take prints of images and save files in different formats. Image processing involves analyzing and altering visual data from images. Everyday examples of image processing include how the brain quickly processes visual information. The existing techniques for extracting image information lack standardized processing, so the proposed system aims to introduce new image processing techniques.
Parking and Traffic Congestion can be synonymous if not handled efficiently. In the ever-growing metropolises
like Dhaka, where private hospitals prevail in a greater number and act as a major traffic generator, efficient
parking management is undoubtedly momentous along with its protuberant health care facilities. This paper
particularly aims at investigating the existing parking set-up of the major private hospitals of Dhaka city by
means of parking and demand-supply analysis. The overarching methodological approach adopted for this
research is case study method. The required database was collected from parking space inventory and parking
usage survey by patrol, conducted on both weekdays and weekend throughout a period of eight hours, each
covering both the morning and evening peak periods. As a key finding, this study revealed that overall parking
demand is always higher than the available supply in most of the cases. However, the unique methodological
approach and outcomes of this extensive research work can act as a baseline for further research activity
intending the quantification of the parking as well as traffic congestion problem in urban expanses and
effectiveness of potential solutions.
This document outlines a project to implement an automated traffic control system. The system aims to (1) reduce waiting times for lanes with more traffic, (2) maintain proper signal switching with balanced timing, and (3) prevent traffic collisions and allocate timings for pedestrians. The project will use tools like WebSphere Modeler, Eclipse, and DB2 to design traffic signal posts connected to servers configured via Linux. A five-member project team will deliver the system using tasks like assembling infrastructure, installing servers, and gathering usage data for analysis. Upon completion, the final deliverables will include help documentation, application code, database backups, and a full system source code archive.
Automatic segmentation of retinal blood vessels can help diagnose eye diseases like diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma earlier by supporting specialists. A method is proposed using a MATLAB code to preprocess 45 fundus images through grayscale conversion, contrast enhancement, intensity adjustment, complementing, and adaptive histogram equalization. Blood vessel segmentation then applies morphological opening, binarization, and noise extraction. The method achieved 97% specificity, 69% sensitivity, and 94% accuracy on the HRF database.
Embedded system for traffic light controlMadhu Prasad
This document describes an embedded systems project for traffic light control. It presents the background and motivation for optimizing traffic light control using wireless sensors. The proposed system uses an ARM7 microcontroller programmed in embedded C to process real-time data from wireless sensors and control LED traffic lights accordingly. The goal is to study different traffic density situations and optimize traffic flow.
This document proposes an automatic railway gate control system using a microcontroller. It describes the current manual system's issues with wasted time and errors. The automatic system would use a sensor set including IR, sound and thermal sensors to detect arriving and departing trains. When a train is detected, it would provide warning signals to road users, close the gate, change the train signal, and open the gate once the train departs, to improve safety and efficiency over the manual system. The microcontroller would run the control logic and algorithm to coordinate the sensors and gate/signal operations.
The document discusses competency, which refers to the characteristics required to perform a job well. It defines competency and lists the core competencies needed by employees, such as adaptability and communication skills. It also describes behavioral competencies for all employees and managers, including customer service, teamwork, and accountability. Finally, it discusses different types of competencies like core competencies, technical competencies, and behavioral competencies.
The document describes a traffic light control system using an 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the need for a traffic light system, describes the basic components including colors and signals. It then covers the hardware details of the 8085-based system and interface board, including ICs used. Algorithms and state diagrams are presented to show the logic for controlling lights and pedestrians.
Introduction to digital image processing, image processing, digital image, analog image, formation of digital image, level of digital image processing, components of a digital image processing system, advantages of digital image processing, limitations of digital image processing, fields of digital image processing, ultrasound imaging, x-ray imaging, SEM, PET, TEM
1) Digital image processing involves improving, restoring, compressing, segmenting, and recognizing digital images. It has applications in industry, medicine, traffic control, entertainment, and more.
2) The origins of digital image processing date back to the 1920s in newspaper printing, but it developed significantly with the space program in the 1960s and medical CT scans in the 1970s.
3) A digital image processing system typically involves image acquisition, storage, processing, and display. Low-level processes improve image quality while mid- and high-level processes extract attributes and recognize objects.
This document provides an overview of a study on the effects of bullying among high school students. It includes an introduction to bullying, a literature review on the topic, and an outline of the study's methodology. The study aims to understand the profile of bullied students, identify the causes and effects of bullying, and make recommendations. It will use a descriptive research method and questionnaire to collect data from high school students in Cauayan City, Isabela, Philippines. The results of the study seek to help students, parents, and educators address the issue of bullying.
The document discusses the effects of bullying. It defines bullying and describes the different types, including emotional, verbal, and physical abuse. It also outlines some of the negative consequences of bullying for both the bully and the victim. Bullies are more likely to engage in criminal behavior later in life, while victims may experience depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem that impacts their school performance. The causes of bullying behavior are complex, but some characteristics of children who bully include a lack of empathy, pushing limits, and an ability to justify their actions.
Intelligent Traffic Light control using Embedded SystemsSrijan Singh
This document discusses an intelligent traffic light control system using embedded systems. It begins with an introduction to embedded systems and what differentiates them from general purpose computers. It then discusses how embedded applications are created by writing software, designing hardware, and testing. The document presents intelligent traffic light control as an example application, where traffic lights and car behaviors are optimized using machine learning methods. Traffic lights communicate with cars to minimize average wait times. Reinforcement learning is used to estimate wait times under different light settings. The results showed this approach reduced average waiting times by at least 70% during busy traffic. The conclusion states this intelligent traffic light control offers higher performance than previous controllers and has potential for larger intelligent transportation system applications.
Introduction to Digital Image Processing Using MATLABRay Phan
This was a 3 hour presentation given to undergraduate and graduate students at Ryerson University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on an introduction to Digital Image Processing using the MATLAB programming environment. This should provide the basics of performing the most common image processing tasks, as well as providing an introduction to how digital images work and how they're formed.
You can access the images and code that I created and used here: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/s7trtj4xngy3cpq/AAAoAK7Lf-aDRCDFOzYQW64ka?dl=0
This presentation discusses digital image processing. It begins with definitions of digital images and digital image processing. Digital image processing focuses on improving images for human interpretation and processing images for machine perception. The history of digital image processing is then reviewed from the 1920s to today. Key examples of applications like medical imaging, satellite imagery, and industrial inspection are provided. The main stages of digital image processing are outlined, including image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, segmentation, and compression. The document concludes with an overview of a system for automatic face recognition using color-based segmentation.
This document provides a list of over 200 seminar topics related to computer science, electronics, IT, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, applied electronics, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, and MBA projects. The topics are divided into categories such as computer science projects, electronics projects, IT projects, and so on. Each topic includes a brief 1-2 sentence description. Contact information is provided at the bottom for requesting full reports on any of the topics.
The document discusses prospects for implementing road pricing in Accra, Ghana to reduce traffic congestion. It outlines several causes of congestion in Accra including a proliferation of low-capacity vehicles and insufficient road infrastructure for travel demand. The study aims to examine the problems and prospects of road pricing, improve accessibility, and ascertain public views. If implemented, road pricing is hypothesized to reduce the number of low-capacity vehicles entering the study area and potentially decrease congestion by shifting some trips to public transit or other times. The methodology involves surveys of various stakeholder groups to determine relationships between road pricing and transportation choices.
Sweet found in his research that a little more congestion might actually be good for the economy of any uncongested city. A higher level of congestion is initially associated with faster economic growth. But, above a certain threshold, congestion starts to become a drag on growth. Specifically, congestion seems to slow down job growth when it gets to be worse than about 35 to 37 hours of delay per commuter per year or about four-and-a-half minutes per one-way trip, relative to free-flowing traffic.
Role Of Transportation Engineering And Development Of IndiaBrianna Johnson
Transportation processes and systems theory is a course that studies cargo transportation methods according to fundamentals of transportation. The course syllabus covers public and private transportation forms as well as transportation characteristics. Students will learn about transportation systems and processes including different modes of transporting cargo.
Making cities more competitive the economic case for public transportTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Adv Alma Nel (Director: Legal and Policy Research: Gauteng Provincial Government) at the Transport Forum Month of Transport Celebrations 1 October 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme for the event was: "Trends in Policy Development for Transport" and the topic for the presentation was: "Making cities more competitive The Economic Case for Public Transport."
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
1) The document discusses how lower-income residents displaced from inner cities by gentrification often relocate to suburbs that lack robust public transit, creating barriers to employment opportunities and social services.
2) It proposes pilot programs using shared mobility services like Uber and Lyft to provide "first-mile last-mile" connections from suburbs to public transit stations and job centers to improve access for these residents.
3) Looking to the future, it argues transit agencies should evolve from fixed-route providers to "mobility managers" leveraging new technologies like shared, autonomous, and electric vehicles to better serve community needs.
1Problem StatementIt is impossible to avoid an increase in t.docxdurantheseldine
1
Problem Statement
It is impossible to avoid an increase in traffic congestion in huge metropolitan areas that are expanding, such as those found in New York City and other major cities across the world. Congestion during rush hour is an inevitable consequence of how modern societies are organized (Lu et al.). It results from people's widespread desire to pursue specific goals, which invariably leads to overloading already-existing roads and transit systems daily. The vast majority of Americans in New York City who are on the move during peak commute times do so in their own cars. all forms of public transportation lack the comfort, speed, privacy, and convenience of privately owned vehicles. The global trend toward private automobile ownership directly results from rising per capital incomes, leading to an exodus from public transportation and other less convenient options. Because of many people drive their own cars on the road, despite the New York City government efforts to alleviate the problem, traffic congestion continues to get worse. This is something that is universally despised. It presents a substantial challenge for public policy, frequently leaves commuters feeling irritated and helpless. Although it's possible that governments may never be able to remove traffic congestion completely, there are a number of steps that states and municipalities can take to alleviate the problem. The primary mobility problem we face is that too many people want to move simultaneously every day. In order to keep the economy and educational institutions running smoothly, it is important that individuals go to work, school, and do errands at around the same time. It would be disastrous for our economy and way of life to abandon that fundamental requirement (Lu et al.). Every big city in the world faces the same issue. In my research plan, I will use the New York City as my target organization and New York State Department of Transport especially the engineering division as the agency to deal with the congestion during the rush hour.
Background
Agency Culture
In 1967, New York state department of transportation (NYSDOT) was formed. It is a department of New York state government responsible for the operation and development of mass transit systems, railroads, highways, ports, waterways and aviation facilities in the US state of New York. They also develop the transportation policy for the New York state. NYSDOT coordinate with the transportation and ensure all customers who live in New York have an efficient, safe, and balanced transportation system. The New York state department of transportation engineering division have the responsibility of addressing the challenge of congestion that has been reported in their desk. The New York state department of transportation engineering division is receiving the detailed report that argues that New York City is not doing well when it comes to the traffic flow especially during peak hours and this is wh.
Urbanization and intensive use of space in central business district in a dev...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the effectiveness of decongestion programs in developing cities using Kumasi, Ghana as a case study. The study found that while the Kumasi Metropolitan Authority has conducted several exercises to remove informal commercial activities from congested areas of the city center, most traders returned to the same spaces after each exercise. Reasons for this included the traders' lack of capital to operate elsewhere, their preference for busy commercial areas, and their lack of involvement in developing and implementing the decongestion policies. The study concluded that for decongestion programs to be successful, they need to involve stakeholders and consider decongestion as a long-term process rather than a short-term event.
Creating Better Places with Transportation Demand Management (TDM)Mobility Lab
A “transit premium” can increase property values by anywhere between a few percentage points up to more than 150 percent.
TDM focuses on shifting travelers away from single occupancy-vehicle modes like biking, walking, bus, and rail. In many cases, however, TDM solutions and programs may address only a single alternative mode, or ignore the increasing diversity in how people – particularly younger generations – are traveling.
There is strong evidence of this narrow focus occurring frequently. Residential buildings may tout their WalkScore as a measure of pedestrian-friendliness. Or a commercial building may earn a Bicycle Friendly Business’ designation from the League of American Bicyclists. While these tools and designations are certainly valuable, sustainable buildings should have an an equitable distribution of transportation options and opportunities.
Most property owners and managers (and the business leaders who operate within them) can find ways to better promote and encourage a range of multi-modal options.
My contribution to helping them do so is the Multi-Modal Transportation Score (or what I like to call ModeScore for short). It measures the total accessibility of a given building, taking into account all possible sustainable transportation modes. My overarching goal is that building users will create and embrace programs to encourage and increase alternative travel.
ABSTRACT
This paper considers commuters’ satisfaction with public mass transit (PMT) services in Kogi State, Nigeria. The work is propelled by the practical absence of previous research efforts in the area, particularly as it affects the commuters in the grassroots. Taking in a multi-stage sampling technique, the study used a sample of 601 commuters and 70 of both employees and management staff drawn from six different public mass transit outfits operating in Kogi State, Nigeria, by both the state government and the local government areas of the province. Data was collected from commuters, contact personnel and management staff. The survey disclosed that there is a substantial deviation between the case of mass transit outfit commuter patronize and their level of gratification with the avails of the PMT. The survey concludes that commuters, generally, are not satisfied with the avails of the public mass transit in Nigeria. Established on the findings, the study recommended among others improved funding of these PMTs and the desegregation of other modalities of transportation for effective service delivery.
Keywords: Consumer-Satisfaction, Service-Quality, Dimensionality of Service Quality.
The widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles will revolutionize transportation systems. This will blur the boundaries between private and public transportation. Autonomous vehicles will change how people travel, offering advantages like greater safety and lower costs. Introducing a fully autonomous vehicle fleet in Vienna would result in significant emissions savings and stabilize mobility costs, though upfront costs may be higher than conventional vehicles. A key challenge will be managing the potential increase in energy consumption and "rebound effect" from changes in mobility behaviors. Assessing new transportation technologies in the future must consider concerns about impacts to the environment, technical risks, and overall ecosystem balance.
Summary of input gained from the first rounds of committee meetings and public meetings (July-September 2012) for the 2040 Regional Transportation Plan.
White Paper: Innovation in TransportationIdeaScale
In this white paper, we discuss the four most pressing areas in transportation that require industry-wide innovation and how the crowd can be a resource to solve concerns in these areas:
- Traveler Experience
- Costs
- Security and Safety
- Technology
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN AUSTIN THROUGH THE REDUCTION OF TRAFFIC CONG...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a new system to reduce traffic congestion in Austin, Texas. It discusses the current traffic issues in Austin, including prolonged travel times and uncertainty in schedules. The proposed system would incorporate customer and system requirements, such as tracking potential passenger and traffic patterns. It would use GPS and real-time traffic information. The system is designed to improve the quality of public transportation and enhance quality of life by reducing traffic congestion in Austin.
This document summarizes a study on taxation policies for carsharing services in major U.S. cities. The study finds that nearly a quarter of the largest 40 cities impose retail taxes over 30% on 1-hour carsharing reservations. Nearly half tax 5-hour reservations at over 15%. Average tax rates have risen from 15.6% in 2011 to 17% in 2016. Transaction fees are a barrier to short-term electric vehicle sharing. Rapid changes in mobility options call for more coherent vehicle sharing taxation policies.
This document provides an overview of the National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) in India. It discusses the problems facing urban areas like traffic congestion, high travel costs, and air pollution. It outlines the vision of the policy to make cities more livable and engines of economic growth. The objectives are to ensure safe, affordable access to jobs, education and other needs. It discusses various policy measures like integrating land use and transport planning, prioritizing public transport and non-motorized transport, and encouraging the use of cleaner technologies. The role of the central government, private sector participation, and the need for public awareness are also summarized.
Methodology And Models For Residential Self SelectionDiane Allen
Here are some potential disadvantages of bicycling:
- Increased risk of injury. Bicyclists face risks from accidents with vehicles. Overuse can also lead to injuries like back pain.
- Exposure to weather elements. Riders have no protection from rain, wind, heat or cold compared to motorized vehicles.
- Limited cargo capacity. Bicycles have small baskets or racks but cannot transport large or heavy loads like a car or truck.
- Lack of long-distance options. While feasible for short trips, bicycling is not practical for very long distances due to fatigue.
- Infrastructure requirements. Dedicated bike lanes, paths and parking are needed to make cycling safe and convenient.
Based on the mandate given in SDG 11, calling for promoting an affordable and sustainable transport, globally all nations are trying to come out with an agenda and a vision for achieving carbon neutrality. Nations must make commitment to promote emissions-free mobility as a fundamental human right; doing the best things for humanity and society to lead towards a better and sustainable future and proactively promoting a paradigm shift towards electrification and creating a hydrogen based society for bringing sustainability. Sustainable transport is known for its distinct and numerous social and economic benefits for the communities, cities, environment and ecology. Studies made and analysis carried out has concluded that; Sustainable transport can help create large number of jobs; improve commuter safety through investment in bicycle lanes; reduce use of fossil fuel ; minimize pollution and congestion, making cities walkable; and making access to employment and social opportunities more affordable and efficient besides decarbonizing cities and making urban settlements more livable and sustainable. Sustainable transportation offers a practical opportunity and simple method of saving people's time, improving people’s health increasing household income and making cities great places for happy, healthy and more productive living besides making investment in sustainable transport, a 'win-win' option and opportunity for all stake holders.’ Decarbonizing, Carbon Neutrality and Zero-Carbon must remain the prime agenda to redefine, promote and achieve the sustainable transportation in urban areas and to achieve the mandate/goals given in SDG11. Planet earth looks at how nations can minimize travel and make it sustainable for making human settlements more peaceful and livable.
Future of transport An initial perspective - Professor Glenn Lyons, UWE, Br...Future Agenda
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Similar to Abstract of master's thesis on traffic congestion in Ghana (20)
Road pricing and its prospects of reducing traffic congestion in the central ...Hayford Adjavor
A full and complete draft of my MPhil dissertation for the award of Master of Philosophy degree in Geography and Resource Development with emphasis in the areas of Transportation, Urban and Population studies.
Toastmasters is a way of learning and perfecting the art of one's public speaking abilities, especially if you have your eye on the ball!
I actually based this speech on the research work of Ryan Hamilton and Alexander Chernev entitled; “Low Prices Are Just the Beginning: Price Image in Retail Management”
Road pricing and its prospects of reducing traffic congestion in the central ...Hayford Adjavor
This is a full draft version of my M.Phil thesis. Some of the main themes in this work are road pricing, development, ridership, commercial mass transport, reduction of traffic congestion, relationship among road pricing, income levels, and car individual car ownership. Also investigated in this work is the possibility of accepting and/ or rejecting the implementing of such a measure in the Accra Metropolitan area.
The document summarizes an article about how people often form inaccurate first impressions and discusses strategies for making a good second impression. It notes that first impressions are quick judgments based on limited information that can be influenced by biases. While basic emotions are easy to read, more subtle emotions are difficult to discern. This creates an "illusion of transparency" where people think others can understand their intentions clearly. The document then outlines a two-phase process for evaluating others, with the first phase being quick and automatic and the second allowing for more conscious thought and data gathering. It suggests people view others through "lenses" of trust, power, and ego when forming first impressions and provides tips for projecting competence to be seen accurately through those lenses and make
4th speech the art of followership how great followers create great leaders a...Hayford Adjavor
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Here's a link to a youtube video that captures the essential elements of this concept; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnscKHpQMDw
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This survey examines the effects of driver shortage and retention on transportation capacity and key performance indicators. An MBA student named Hayford is researching this issue and requests that truck drivers take a few minutes to participate in his online survey located at the provided link. The survey will help understand how the lack of drivers impacts business operations.
Class rate making forms the basis of less-than-truckload (LTL) rate making. It involves grouping items into 18 classes based on their characteristics, with class 500 being the highest and class 50 being the lowest. The lower the class, the lower the price. Heavier shipments also receive lower costs per pound due to economies of scale. For example, if a 5,000 pound shipment at class 85 costs around $2,995.50 based on the published rate of $59.91 per hundredweight. However, large companies like XYZ would negotiate a fixed freight-all-kinds (FAK) class rather than use the published class rates, since carriers want to ensure continuous business from large shippers.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
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Abstract of master's thesis on traffic congestion in Ghana
1. i
ABSTRACT
Humankind throughout the world is providing new ways of dealing with complex challenges that
confront our world from time to time. In some cases ‘old strategies’ are lending support to ‘new
strategies’ to efficiently deal with the problems that we face on daily basis. Road traffic
congestion is one such problem that most cities in advanced and developing economies are
confronted with today. In order to manage this ‘devil’-traffic congestion-effectively and
efficiently an attempt has been made to investigate the prospects/ problems of using road pricing
to reduce traffic congestion in certain sections of the network in the city of Accra.
The Central Business District of Accra, the study area, has consistently witnessed significant
economic growth since the country’s attainment of independence. This area experiences the
greatest influx of people and vehicles on daily basis due to the great amounts of economic,
political, social and other forms of activities that take place there. Thus, the area is the place that
receives the greater share of traffic congestion in this country since most people go there to
transact business routinely on a daily basis. This phenomenon greatly reduces mobility of people
and decreases accessibility to vantage points within the Central Business District.
This trend is very significant in many ways. Road traffic congestion as we tried to demonstrate
throughout the entire study is caused by a myriad of factors- human and non-human factors (such
as income, engineering nature of the roads, state of the roads etc.). As the wealth of a nation
increases, so it is with individuals (all things being equal). Employing both qualitative and
quantitative methods, this investigation came out with some interesting revelations. One of the
principal findings is the revelation of a very strong positive correlation (0.82) between income
2. ii
and vehicle ownership amongst private vehicle owners/drivers in the city of Accra within the
study area. Most literatures are of the view that such a relationship has ramifications on traffic
congestion in most cities, and Accra is no exception as the research has shown.
This work has also demonstrated that, there is a very strong will on the part of a cross section of
the citizenry to join forces with the authorities to jointly apply road pricing (should the need be)
to solve the problem of traffic congestion in the CBD of Accra. It also became clear that when
one decides to introduce road pricing as a mechanism to reduce congestion on certain arteries in
the CBD, certain things such as the use to which the revenue generated would be put should be
made perfectly clear to the public since this is a major factor that influences acceptance or
rejection of such an exercise.