The document discusses traffic light control systems. It covers modeling traffic at the macroscopic and microscopic scale, components of a traffic light control system including detectors, control algorithms like expert systems, evolutionary algorithms and fuzzy logic have been applied to traffic light control. The conclusion summarizes modeling approaches, components of a traffic light control system, how lights cooperate, and control algorithms that have been used.
I John Siraut Economic Impact Of Traffic Signals FinalJohn Siraut
The document summarizes research assessing the economic costs and benefits of traffic signals in London. It outlines the context, methodology, selected junctions studied, results of traffic modeling with and without signals, and conclusions. The research found significant time savings and reduced vehicle operating costs from removing traffic signals at certain locations and times, provided safety is not compromised. It recommends pilot projects to switch off signals when traffic does not justify them and discussions with European authorities on alternative signal approaches.
Design of Smart Traffic Light Controller Using Embedded SystemIOSR Journals
This document describes a proposed design for a smart traffic light controller system using embedded technology. It aims to address issues with conventional fixed-time traffic light systems. The key features of the proposed system include using infrared sensors to dynamically adjust light intervals based on real-time vehicle counts, prioritizing emergency vehicles by turning all other lights red, and providing traffic information to drivers via SMS to help avoid congested routes. The system is intended to minimize wait times, manage traffic loads adaptively, and help emergency vehicles pass through intersections quickly. It is presented as an improvement over other approaches in the literature such as expert systems, fuzzy logic, and magneto-resistive sensor-based systems.
This document outlines a project to implement an automated traffic control system. The system aims to (1) reduce waiting times for lanes with more traffic, (2) maintain proper signal switching with balanced timing, and (3) prevent traffic collisions and allocate timings for pedestrians. The project will use tools like WebSphere Modeler, Eclipse, and DB2 to design traffic signal posts connected to servers configured via Linux. A five-member project team will deliver the system using tasks like assembling infrastructure, installing servers, and gathering usage data for analysis. Upon completion, the final deliverables will include help documentation, application code, database backups, and a full system source code archive.
The document discusses approaches to modeling and controlling traffic, including macroscopic and microscopic models. It then describes the components of a typical traffic light control system and various control algorithms that have been used, including expert systems, evolutionary algorithms, fuzzy logic, and reinforcement learning. The overall goals are to improve safety, minimize travel time, and increase infrastructure capacity.
This document discusses signal retiming, which is the process of optimizing traffic signal timing parameters like cycle length, offset, and split times. Signal retiming can reduce delays, stops, fuel consumption, and accidents at intersections. It is conducted by collecting traffic data and analyzing it using software to determine improved signal timing plans. Signal retiming should be conducted every 1-3 years to account for changing traffic patterns and is estimated to cost $2,500 per intersection. Studies show signal retiming can reduce delays by 15-30% and lower fuel consumption and emissions.
Iaetsd literature review on traffic signal control system based onIaetsd Iaetsd
This document provides a literature review of different techniques used for traffic signal control systems. It discusses traditional methods like traffic police and automatic traffic signals. It also reviews intelligent approaches using image processing and wireless sensor networks. Image processing methods use cameras to detect vehicle numbers and adjust signal times accordingly. Wireless sensor network methods place sensors along roads to detect traffic and communicate with a central control box to optimize signal timing. The document concludes the wireless approach has benefits over existing methods by allowing large-scale deployment at low cost.
The document discusses traffic light control systems. It covers modeling traffic at the macroscopic and microscopic scale, components of a traffic light control system including detectors, control algorithms like expert systems, evolutionary algorithms and fuzzy logic have been applied to traffic light control. The conclusion summarizes modeling approaches, components of a traffic light control system, how lights cooperate, and control algorithms that have been used.
I John Siraut Economic Impact Of Traffic Signals FinalJohn Siraut
The document summarizes research assessing the economic costs and benefits of traffic signals in London. It outlines the context, methodology, selected junctions studied, results of traffic modeling with and without signals, and conclusions. The research found significant time savings and reduced vehicle operating costs from removing traffic signals at certain locations and times, provided safety is not compromised. It recommends pilot projects to switch off signals when traffic does not justify them and discussions with European authorities on alternative signal approaches.
Design of Smart Traffic Light Controller Using Embedded SystemIOSR Journals
This document describes a proposed design for a smart traffic light controller system using embedded technology. It aims to address issues with conventional fixed-time traffic light systems. The key features of the proposed system include using infrared sensors to dynamically adjust light intervals based on real-time vehicle counts, prioritizing emergency vehicles by turning all other lights red, and providing traffic information to drivers via SMS to help avoid congested routes. The system is intended to minimize wait times, manage traffic loads adaptively, and help emergency vehicles pass through intersections quickly. It is presented as an improvement over other approaches in the literature such as expert systems, fuzzy logic, and magneto-resistive sensor-based systems.
This document outlines a project to implement an automated traffic control system. The system aims to (1) reduce waiting times for lanes with more traffic, (2) maintain proper signal switching with balanced timing, and (3) prevent traffic collisions and allocate timings for pedestrians. The project will use tools like WebSphere Modeler, Eclipse, and DB2 to design traffic signal posts connected to servers configured via Linux. A five-member project team will deliver the system using tasks like assembling infrastructure, installing servers, and gathering usage data for analysis. Upon completion, the final deliverables will include help documentation, application code, database backups, and a full system source code archive.
The document discusses approaches to modeling and controlling traffic, including macroscopic and microscopic models. It then describes the components of a typical traffic light control system and various control algorithms that have been used, including expert systems, evolutionary algorithms, fuzzy logic, and reinforcement learning. The overall goals are to improve safety, minimize travel time, and increase infrastructure capacity.
This document discusses signal retiming, which is the process of optimizing traffic signal timing parameters like cycle length, offset, and split times. Signal retiming can reduce delays, stops, fuel consumption, and accidents at intersections. It is conducted by collecting traffic data and analyzing it using software to determine improved signal timing plans. Signal retiming should be conducted every 1-3 years to account for changing traffic patterns and is estimated to cost $2,500 per intersection. Studies show signal retiming can reduce delays by 15-30% and lower fuel consumption and emissions.
Iaetsd literature review on traffic signal control system based onIaetsd Iaetsd
This document provides a literature review of different techniques used for traffic signal control systems. It discusses traditional methods like traffic police and automatic traffic signals. It also reviews intelligent approaches using image processing and wireless sensor networks. Image processing methods use cameras to detect vehicle numbers and adjust signal times accordingly. Wireless sensor network methods place sensors along roads to detect traffic and communicate with a central control box to optimize signal timing. The document concludes the wireless approach has benefits over existing methods by allowing large-scale deployment at low cost.
Traffic signal control management based on integrating GIS and WSN technologykrushna kotgire
This project is based on Geographic Information System (GIS). traffic signal can be controlled by using this method . We can avoid traffic jam, alternative path for user is genrated , no emergency vehicle is stuck in traffic.
Adaptive Traffic Control System : The Smart and Imperative Traffic Monitoring...KajalDubey13
This document discusses adaptive traffic control systems (ATCS) which are intelligent systems that continuously detect traffic volumes and dynamically adjust signal timings in real-time to reduce delays and queues. ATCS collect data using sensors like cameras and RFID, analyze traffic patterns, and select optimal signal timing plans. The goal is to minimize wait times at intersections and avoid collisions by allowing traffic to flow progressively through coordinated green lights along routes.
Expert System - Automated Traffic Light Control Based on Road CongestionKartik Shenoy
This provides a summary of the aforementioned Expert System as referred from few reference papers cited at the end. It describes the summary of the modules of this expert system and the technique used behind them.
For Vehicle testing we offer all instruments and after sale support and services.
OEM Technological Instruments offers you the best technology for your R&D and Testing applications.
Please Feel Free to contact Us for any Inquiry.
Mobile : +91-9810533190
Tel: 0120-4370020
E-mail: mail@oemtesting.com oemtech@sify.com
Traffic information systems collect and process current traffic data and disseminate it to users. They can be centralized, with a central authority collecting, processing, and sharing data, or decentralized, where each vehicle collects and shares local data. Key elements include data collection, processing, and dissemination. Decentralized systems avoid issues with centralized systems like limited coverage and high costs. One example is SOTIS, where each vehicle monitors local traffic and shares data with surrounding vehicles via wireless links. This allows comprehensive coverage without fixed infrastructure. Driving route-based visual TIS provides personalized traffic information to each user based on their specific route.
This document describes a smart traffic light control system that aims to address problems with conventional traffic light controllers like traffic jams and delays. It discusses developing a centralized, self-learning system to better handle traffic flows and emergency situations. The system design uses a simulation tool to model a road network with traffic lights and vehicles. It detects traffic density using sensors and can optimize light timings in different scenarios to reduce waits and congestion compared to static systems.
This project describes a 2-way traffic management system using controlled traffic signals. A timer IC produces clock pulses that are fed into a decade counter to cycle the signal lights between red, yellow, and green. Logic gates simplify the counter output to drive the traffic light LEDs and allow a manual switch for emergency rerouting. The system allows traffic police to control signals remotely during traffic jams or emergency routes instead of manually changing signals. Future recommendations include wireless remote control and an 8-way traffic system for increased effectiveness.
Group 18 designed three traffic signal systems for intersections along Speedway Blvd near the University of Arizona. Their recommended design uses cameras to detect queue sizes up to three cars and adjusts green light times accordingly. They tested the designs in a Simulink traffic model, calculating average delays and queues at each intersection. Design 2 performed best by minimizing delays while keeping queues low. The group met weekly from November to December to develop the traffic models, analyze results, and write their final report.
An IoT based Dynamic Traffic Signal ControlGauthamSK4
Used Kerner three-phase traffic theory to establishing an Intelligent Traffic System that will provide automatic management of traffic lights based on the concept of the Internet of Things which will resolve the traffic jam issues which will in turn reduce CO2 emissions and also the mobility metrics like the travel time.
The document proposes an integrated GPS-GSM vehicle tracking system. The system has two main modules - a tracking device attached to the vehicle that uses a GPS receiver, microcontroller and GSM modem to retrieve location data and transmit it via SMS, and a control station that receives the SMS. The goal is to manage vehicle fleets, police vehicles, and prevent car theft by locking or tracking stolen vehicles. The document also reviews different vehicle tracking and surveillance technologies that use transducers, signal processing, and data processing to detect and monitor vehicles.
This document outlines a proposed traffic control system project consisting of 4 group members. It discusses the current issues with traffic management in Dhaka, including traffic equilibrium, parking, and speeding. The proposed solutions involve using drones to monitor traffic, restricting parking, and using digital signage to control speeds. The project goals are traffic management, traveler information, and commercial vehicle tracking. The objectives, estimated budget, timeline, advantages, and future plans are also outlined. References are provided at the end.
The document summarizes a study conducted by the Westchester County Department of Public Works to optimize traffic signal timing across 28 municipalities through signal retiming. Signal retiming aims to improve traffic flow and reduce emissions by analyzing existing traffic patterns and signal infrastructure. The study collected data from over 600 intersections, analyzed current conditions and potential timing/coordination improvements. It estimated user delay cost savings of $108 million could result from improved signal timing without upgrades. Municipalities then applied for funding to implement recommended timing plans and signal upgrades identified in the study.
In this presentation, Shilpa introduces automation of traffic signals and trends in that area. Shipa's interest areas lie in the same domain as she hopes to decongest roads and save precious lives.
Traffic jam detection using image processingSai As Sharman
This document presents a traffic jam detection system using image processing. The system uses cameras to capture video frames of traffic at regular intervals. The frames are analyzed using image processing techniques like grayscale conversion, erosion, and dilation to detect vehicles and motion. An android application is also developed to provide users with real-time traffic density information for different locations based on the image analysis. The proposed system aims to provide a low-cost and reliable alternative to existing magnetic and infrared-based traffic detection methods.
SMART CITY TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM final reviewTitus Mathews
The document proposes a smart city traffic control system using video processing and the Internet of Things. The system would dynamically control traffic lights based on traffic density measured by video processing from Raspberry Pi cameras. Video would also be stored in the cloud for surveillance purposes. Traffic updates would be provided over the Internet using IoT to allow users to check traffic density. The system aims to reduce traffic jams and wait times using automatic, dynamic traffic control based on real-time video analysis.
Solution to the Traffic Problem
Pune Traffic Police department requires a modern framework to manage the growing traffic and the growing boundaries of the city. They also have a requirement to digitize records and administration of fines in order to prevent corruption. They are keen to involve citizens to backfill the shortage of police staff. The project calls for a total redesign of their technology and tools from scratch.
The proposed technology should enable development of light-weight applications like the following. You are welcome to imagine additional use cases and propose solutions.
1. Online Traffic Signal Management
a. Enable Police Control Room to monitor traffic patterns and control traffic signals in real time
b. Enable emergency vehicles to override signals for rapid passage
2. Curb Corruption
a. Develop an audio-visual tool to capture officer’s interactions with offenders
3. Instafine
a. Police can take pictures of traffic violations
b. They can select the category and severity of violation, and submit immediately
c. Information about fines can be dispatched by post, email, Whatsapp, SMS, etc.
4. Citizen Police
a. Citizens can take pictures of traffic violations and submit to the Control Room
b. Control Room processes the complaints and sends fines to offenders
This document discusses vehicle detection using image processing. It describes how sensors can detect vehicles using transducers to detect their presence and convert the output into electrical signals. Sensors are either in-roadway, requiring installation in the road, or over-roadway, mounted above the road. The document focuses on detecting vehicles using image and video processing by extracting the vehicle portion from images in both the spatial and frequency domains, and matching the vehicle's aspect ratio to detect its type. It proposes applications for automated traffic management, toll collection, and security.
The document discusses three different urban traffic management systems: MAXBAND, SCATS, and SCOOT. MAXBAND uses optimization algorithms to determine signal timing parameters but requires significant computer resources. SCATS is an adaptive system used in over 250 cities worldwide that adjusts signal timing in real-time based on vehicle detection. It aims to minimize stops and delays. SCOOT similarly uses detection data to optimize cycle lengths, splits, and offsets every few minutes to reduce congestion and emissions.
This slide presentation is all about a software operated system mainly using for tracking the geographical location of a vehicle. You will also able know about types of that software system with their functionality. There you will see in this slide the benefits and the reasons to use this tracking system.
The document discusses image processing and extracting information from images. It notes that image processing can modify images and extract descriptions and interpretations to help machines understand scenes. The system allows users to take prints of images and save files in different formats. Image processing involves analyzing and altering visual data from images. Everyday examples of image processing include how the brain quickly processes visual information. The existing techniques for extracting image information lack standardized processing, so the proposed system aims to introduce new image processing techniques.
BIOMEDICAL PROJECT ABSTRACT-Digital pulmonary function test spirometryASHOKKUMAR RAMAR
This document describes a digital spirometer project that measures lung function. Spirometry measures the volume and flow of air inhaled and exhaled, and is used to diagnose respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD. The project aims to create a microcontroller-based spirometer that displays output as signals. It uses a turbine flow sensor and proximity sensor to measure tidal volume, with the sensor fan rotating proportionally to airflow. The sensor outputs pulses counted by a PIC microcontroller to determine volume and display readings on an LCD screen.
Traffic signal control management based on integrating GIS and WSN technologykrushna kotgire
This project is based on Geographic Information System (GIS). traffic signal can be controlled by using this method . We can avoid traffic jam, alternative path for user is genrated , no emergency vehicle is stuck in traffic.
Adaptive Traffic Control System : The Smart and Imperative Traffic Monitoring...KajalDubey13
This document discusses adaptive traffic control systems (ATCS) which are intelligent systems that continuously detect traffic volumes and dynamically adjust signal timings in real-time to reduce delays and queues. ATCS collect data using sensors like cameras and RFID, analyze traffic patterns, and select optimal signal timing plans. The goal is to minimize wait times at intersections and avoid collisions by allowing traffic to flow progressively through coordinated green lights along routes.
Expert System - Automated Traffic Light Control Based on Road CongestionKartik Shenoy
This provides a summary of the aforementioned Expert System as referred from few reference papers cited at the end. It describes the summary of the modules of this expert system and the technique used behind them.
For Vehicle testing we offer all instruments and after sale support and services.
OEM Technological Instruments offers you the best technology for your R&D and Testing applications.
Please Feel Free to contact Us for any Inquiry.
Mobile : +91-9810533190
Tel: 0120-4370020
E-mail: mail@oemtesting.com oemtech@sify.com
Traffic information systems collect and process current traffic data and disseminate it to users. They can be centralized, with a central authority collecting, processing, and sharing data, or decentralized, where each vehicle collects and shares local data. Key elements include data collection, processing, and dissemination. Decentralized systems avoid issues with centralized systems like limited coverage and high costs. One example is SOTIS, where each vehicle monitors local traffic and shares data with surrounding vehicles via wireless links. This allows comprehensive coverage without fixed infrastructure. Driving route-based visual TIS provides personalized traffic information to each user based on their specific route.
This document describes a smart traffic light control system that aims to address problems with conventional traffic light controllers like traffic jams and delays. It discusses developing a centralized, self-learning system to better handle traffic flows and emergency situations. The system design uses a simulation tool to model a road network with traffic lights and vehicles. It detects traffic density using sensors and can optimize light timings in different scenarios to reduce waits and congestion compared to static systems.
This project describes a 2-way traffic management system using controlled traffic signals. A timer IC produces clock pulses that are fed into a decade counter to cycle the signal lights between red, yellow, and green. Logic gates simplify the counter output to drive the traffic light LEDs and allow a manual switch for emergency rerouting. The system allows traffic police to control signals remotely during traffic jams or emergency routes instead of manually changing signals. Future recommendations include wireless remote control and an 8-way traffic system for increased effectiveness.
Group 18 designed three traffic signal systems for intersections along Speedway Blvd near the University of Arizona. Their recommended design uses cameras to detect queue sizes up to three cars and adjusts green light times accordingly. They tested the designs in a Simulink traffic model, calculating average delays and queues at each intersection. Design 2 performed best by minimizing delays while keeping queues low. The group met weekly from November to December to develop the traffic models, analyze results, and write their final report.
An IoT based Dynamic Traffic Signal ControlGauthamSK4
Used Kerner three-phase traffic theory to establishing an Intelligent Traffic System that will provide automatic management of traffic lights based on the concept of the Internet of Things which will resolve the traffic jam issues which will in turn reduce CO2 emissions and also the mobility metrics like the travel time.
The document proposes an integrated GPS-GSM vehicle tracking system. The system has two main modules - a tracking device attached to the vehicle that uses a GPS receiver, microcontroller and GSM modem to retrieve location data and transmit it via SMS, and a control station that receives the SMS. The goal is to manage vehicle fleets, police vehicles, and prevent car theft by locking or tracking stolen vehicles. The document also reviews different vehicle tracking and surveillance technologies that use transducers, signal processing, and data processing to detect and monitor vehicles.
This document outlines a proposed traffic control system project consisting of 4 group members. It discusses the current issues with traffic management in Dhaka, including traffic equilibrium, parking, and speeding. The proposed solutions involve using drones to monitor traffic, restricting parking, and using digital signage to control speeds. The project goals are traffic management, traveler information, and commercial vehicle tracking. The objectives, estimated budget, timeline, advantages, and future plans are also outlined. References are provided at the end.
The document summarizes a study conducted by the Westchester County Department of Public Works to optimize traffic signal timing across 28 municipalities through signal retiming. Signal retiming aims to improve traffic flow and reduce emissions by analyzing existing traffic patterns and signal infrastructure. The study collected data from over 600 intersections, analyzed current conditions and potential timing/coordination improvements. It estimated user delay cost savings of $108 million could result from improved signal timing without upgrades. Municipalities then applied for funding to implement recommended timing plans and signal upgrades identified in the study.
In this presentation, Shilpa introduces automation of traffic signals and trends in that area. Shipa's interest areas lie in the same domain as she hopes to decongest roads and save precious lives.
Traffic jam detection using image processingSai As Sharman
This document presents a traffic jam detection system using image processing. The system uses cameras to capture video frames of traffic at regular intervals. The frames are analyzed using image processing techniques like grayscale conversion, erosion, and dilation to detect vehicles and motion. An android application is also developed to provide users with real-time traffic density information for different locations based on the image analysis. The proposed system aims to provide a low-cost and reliable alternative to existing magnetic and infrared-based traffic detection methods.
SMART CITY TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM final reviewTitus Mathews
The document proposes a smart city traffic control system using video processing and the Internet of Things. The system would dynamically control traffic lights based on traffic density measured by video processing from Raspberry Pi cameras. Video would also be stored in the cloud for surveillance purposes. Traffic updates would be provided over the Internet using IoT to allow users to check traffic density. The system aims to reduce traffic jams and wait times using automatic, dynamic traffic control based on real-time video analysis.
Solution to the Traffic Problem
Pune Traffic Police department requires a modern framework to manage the growing traffic and the growing boundaries of the city. They also have a requirement to digitize records and administration of fines in order to prevent corruption. They are keen to involve citizens to backfill the shortage of police staff. The project calls for a total redesign of their technology and tools from scratch.
The proposed technology should enable development of light-weight applications like the following. You are welcome to imagine additional use cases and propose solutions.
1. Online Traffic Signal Management
a. Enable Police Control Room to monitor traffic patterns and control traffic signals in real time
b. Enable emergency vehicles to override signals for rapid passage
2. Curb Corruption
a. Develop an audio-visual tool to capture officer’s interactions with offenders
3. Instafine
a. Police can take pictures of traffic violations
b. They can select the category and severity of violation, and submit immediately
c. Information about fines can be dispatched by post, email, Whatsapp, SMS, etc.
4. Citizen Police
a. Citizens can take pictures of traffic violations and submit to the Control Room
b. Control Room processes the complaints and sends fines to offenders
This document discusses vehicle detection using image processing. It describes how sensors can detect vehicles using transducers to detect their presence and convert the output into electrical signals. Sensors are either in-roadway, requiring installation in the road, or over-roadway, mounted above the road. The document focuses on detecting vehicles using image and video processing by extracting the vehicle portion from images in both the spatial and frequency domains, and matching the vehicle's aspect ratio to detect its type. It proposes applications for automated traffic management, toll collection, and security.
The document discusses three different urban traffic management systems: MAXBAND, SCATS, and SCOOT. MAXBAND uses optimization algorithms to determine signal timing parameters but requires significant computer resources. SCATS is an adaptive system used in over 250 cities worldwide that adjusts signal timing in real-time based on vehicle detection. It aims to minimize stops and delays. SCOOT similarly uses detection data to optimize cycle lengths, splits, and offsets every few minutes to reduce congestion and emissions.
This slide presentation is all about a software operated system mainly using for tracking the geographical location of a vehicle. You will also able know about types of that software system with their functionality. There you will see in this slide the benefits and the reasons to use this tracking system.
The document discusses image processing and extracting information from images. It notes that image processing can modify images and extract descriptions and interpretations to help machines understand scenes. The system allows users to take prints of images and save files in different formats. Image processing involves analyzing and altering visual data from images. Everyday examples of image processing include how the brain quickly processes visual information. The existing techniques for extracting image information lack standardized processing, so the proposed system aims to introduce new image processing techniques.
BIOMEDICAL PROJECT ABSTRACT-Digital pulmonary function test spirometryASHOKKUMAR RAMAR
This document describes a digital spirometer project that measures lung function. Spirometry measures the volume and flow of air inhaled and exhaled, and is used to diagnose respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD. The project aims to create a microcontroller-based spirometer that displays output as signals. It uses a turbine flow sensor and proximity sensor to measure tidal volume, with the sensor fan rotating proportionally to airflow. The sensor outputs pulses counted by a PIC microcontroller to determine volume and display readings on an LCD screen.
Abstract of master's thesis on traffic congestion in GhanaHayford Adjavor
This was a study aimed at bringing the merits of road pricing implementation, and drawing from lessons in other developing countries in order to solve the traffic congestion problem in the city of Accra.
Automatic segmentation of retinal blood vessels can help diagnose eye diseases like diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma earlier by supporting specialists. A method is proposed using a MATLAB code to preprocess 45 fundus images through grayscale conversion, contrast enhancement, intensity adjustment, complementing, and adaptive histogram equalization. Blood vessel segmentation then applies morphological opening, binarization, and noise extraction. The method achieved 97% specificity, 69% sensitivity, and 94% accuracy on the HRF database.
Embedded system for traffic light controlMadhu Prasad
This document describes an embedded systems project for traffic light control. It presents the background and motivation for optimizing traffic light control using wireless sensors. The proposed system uses an ARM7 microcontroller programmed in embedded C to process real-time data from wireless sensors and control LED traffic lights accordingly. The goal is to study different traffic density situations and optimize traffic flow.
This document proposes an automatic railway gate control system using a microcontroller. It describes the current manual system's issues with wasted time and errors. The automatic system would use a sensor set including IR, sound and thermal sensors to detect arriving and departing trains. When a train is detected, it would provide warning signals to road users, close the gate, change the train signal, and open the gate once the train departs, to improve safety and efficiency over the manual system. The microcontroller would run the control logic and algorithm to coordinate the sensors and gate/signal operations.
The document describes a traffic light control system using an 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the need for a traffic light system, describes the basic components including colors and signals. It then covers the hardware details of the 8085-based system and interface board, including ICs used. Algorithms and state diagrams are presented to show the logic for controlling lights and pedestrians.
Introduction to digital image processing, image processing, digital image, analog image, formation of digital image, level of digital image processing, components of a digital image processing system, advantages of digital image processing, limitations of digital image processing, fields of digital image processing, ultrasound imaging, x-ray imaging, SEM, PET, TEM
1) Digital image processing involves improving, restoring, compressing, segmenting, and recognizing digital images. It has applications in industry, medicine, traffic control, entertainment, and more.
2) The origins of digital image processing date back to the 1920s in newspaper printing, but it developed significantly with the space program in the 1960s and medical CT scans in the 1970s.
3) A digital image processing system typically involves image acquisition, storage, processing, and display. Low-level processes improve image quality while mid- and high-level processes extract attributes and recognize objects.
Intelligent Traffic Light control using Embedded SystemsSrijan Singh
This document discusses an intelligent traffic light control system using embedded systems. It begins with an introduction to embedded systems and what differentiates them from general purpose computers. It then discusses how embedded applications are created by writing software, designing hardware, and testing. The document presents intelligent traffic light control as an example application, where traffic lights and car behaviors are optimized using machine learning methods. Traffic lights communicate with cars to minimize average wait times. Reinforcement learning is used to estimate wait times under different light settings. The results showed this approach reduced average waiting times by at least 70% during busy traffic. The conclusion states this intelligent traffic light control offers higher performance than previous controllers and has potential for larger intelligent transportation system applications.
Introduction to Digital Image Processing Using MATLABRay Phan
This was a 3 hour presentation given to undergraduate and graduate students at Ryerson University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on an introduction to Digital Image Processing using the MATLAB programming environment. This should provide the basics of performing the most common image processing tasks, as well as providing an introduction to how digital images work and how they're formed.
You can access the images and code that I created and used here: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/s7trtj4xngy3cpq/AAAoAK7Lf-aDRCDFOzYQW64ka?dl=0
This presentation discusses digital image processing. It begins with definitions of digital images and digital image processing. Digital image processing focuses on improving images for human interpretation and processing images for machine perception. The history of digital image processing is then reviewed from the 1920s to today. Key examples of applications like medical imaging, satellite imagery, and industrial inspection are provided. The main stages of digital image processing are outlined, including image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, segmentation, and compression. The document concludes with an overview of a system for automatic face recognition using color-based segmentation.
Wireless Smart Traffic Control System based on Vehicle density in Traffic Lan...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed wireless smart traffic control system based on vehicle density in traffic lanes and emergency vehicle detection. The system would use infrared sensors placed along roadways to detect vehicle volumes in each lane over time. A microcontroller would receive this sensor data and prioritize which lanes receive green lights based on vehicle density, with priority given to any lanes with detected emergency vehicles. The goal is to automatically adjust traffic light timing based on real-time traffic conditions to improve flow and reduce congestion compared to traditional fixed-schedule traffic lights.
DYNAMIC TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SCHEME FOR REDUCING CO2EMISSIONS EMPLOYING ETC ...ijmpict
With the increasing growth of vehicle numbers in the world, Global warming is becoming a serious issue. Vehicle CO2 emissions are considered to be one of the main sources of global warming. In order to reduce vehicles CO2 emissions, a dynamic traffic light control scheme is proposed. In the proposed scheme, we are the first to use Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) devices to obtain real time traffic flow information for a traffic control centre. By the proposed scheme, vehicles can pass through intersections with less waiting time and fewer numbers of stops. By smoothing vehicle travel, CO2 emissions can be reduced. Compared with fixed time control, the simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme has much better performance: vehicle average waiting time is greatly reduced and CO2 emissions can also be
reduced.
This document describes a proposed design for an automatic traffic light control system that uses sensors and a computer to optimize traffic light timing based on real-time traffic conditions. The system would operate in three modes: normal traffic mode, emergency vehicle mode, and accident diversion mode. It uses infrared sensors to detect vehicle traffic levels and inputs from a GSM system to detect emergency vehicles or accidents. A computer running a C++ program analyzes the sensor data and wireless messages to dynamically adjust traffic light timing sequences accordingly to minimize delays and congestion. The system aims to improve traffic flow and reduce wasted time and fuel compared to traditional fixed-timing traffic lights.
Smart vehicle and smart signboard system with zonal speed regulationIAEME Publication
To control the accident highway department have placed the signboards. Increasing number of accidents at busy junctions are a major threat faced by today’s world. Nowadays people are driving very fast; we lost our valuable life by making small mistake while driving (school zone, hills area, and highways). Most of accidents are occur due to two wheelers Speed control is required at busy junctions.
This document describes a system for providing high speed indication and automatic braking in vehicles. It uses a solenoid valve and operational amplifier circuit to cut off the fuel supply to the engine when the vehicle's speed exceeds a set limit. When the speed limit is reached, a bulb glows and alarm sounds to warn the driver. If the driver does not slow down, the solenoid valve closes, cutting off the fuel and reducing the engine speed. The system aims to reduce road accidents caused by high speeds. It discusses the components used, including the engine, solenoid valve, speedometer, carburetor, op-amp IC, and indication panel.
Traffic Control management system using Inductive loop SensorIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new inductive loop sensor system to help optimize traffic control management. The sensor is able to detect both large and small vehicles occupying any area of the roadway, which is important for managing heterogeneous and unregulated traffic flows. A multiple loop sensor topology can detect different vehicle types like bicycles, motorcycles, cars, and buses, and also accurately count vehicles under mixed traffic conditions. A prototype was tested that could recognize different vehicle types and count the number of each type, demonstrating the sensor system's adaptability for varied traffic situations. The goal is to provide real-time traffic data to help implement an intelligent transportation system that maximizes road utilization.
Design of intelligent traffic light controller using gsm & embedded systemYakkali Kiran
This document describes the design of an intelligent traffic light controller using an embedded system. The proposed system aims to make traffic light control more efficient by using sensor networks and embedded technology to dynamically determine light timings based on real-time traffic conditions. This allows the system to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion compared to traditional fixed-time controllers. Key features include emergency vehicle detection and providing traffic information to drivers via GSM. The performance of the intelligent controller is evaluated against a conventional fixed-time controller based on metrics like waiting time, vehicle travel distance, and efficient emergency response.
good communication system is very for the following purposes:
1-Synchronization of controller timer at each intersection for offset implementation.
2-Exchange of traffic data between controllers.
3-Malfunction reporting from each controller to the control room.
4-Incident reporting to the control room.
The document discusses platoon dispersion of heterogeneous traffic on a corridor in Chennai, India. Data on platoon sizes and travel times was collected at distances of 200-1400m between intersections under fixed-time signal control. Platoon sizes decreased with distance due to differences in vehicle speeds and interactions. The average travel speed was 46km/hr. Robertson's platoon dispersion model with a smoothing factor of 0.878 provided the best fit to the data. Traffic composition and distances between six intersections on the study corridor are also presented.
This document describes a student project to build an electronic traffic light system using a 4017 counter IC and 555 timer chip. It provides details on the components, circuit diagram, and working mechanism. The traffic light system uses the counter IC to sequentially illuminate the red, yellow and green LEDs to control traffic flow. The timing is controlled by the 555 timer chip and can be adjusted with a potentiometer. The project aims to help control traffic and avoid collisions at intersections.
IRJET-utomatic Intelligent Traffic Control SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an automatic intelligent traffic control system that uses sensors and wireless communication to dynamically adjust traffic light timing based on real-time traffic conditions. The system uses infrared sensors to detect vehicle passage and count traffic density on roads approaching an intersection. A microcontroller analyzes this sensor data and changes the duration of green lights accordingly. For example, if one road has heavy traffic, its green light will be extended. The system can also give priority to emergency vehicles by continuously extending a green light to let them pass through. This provides a low-cost way to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion compared to traditional fixed-time traffic lights.
Control of Traffic Signals by AI based Image ProcessingIRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed system to control traffic signals using artificial intelligence based image processing. A live video feed from CCTV cameras at intersections would be used to calculate traffic density in real-time by detecting vehicles in each lane using the YOLO object detection algorithm. The number and type of detected vehicles would determine the duration of the green light for each lane, making the system adaptive to current traffic conditions. This is aimed to reduce delays, congestion, and air pollution compared to traditional static traffic light systems. A simulation was developed using Pygame to demonstrate the concept.
Nissan has a triple-layered approach for promoting eco-friendly driving called ECO Telematics, which includes dynamic route guidance (DRG), eco management systems (EMS), and electric vehicles. DRG uses vehicle-infrastructure cooperation and probe data to provide real-time traffic information and the most fuel efficient routes. EMS provides drivers with feedback on their driving efficiency and tips to improve. Electric vehicles such as the Nissan Leaf further reduce emissions. Nissan's studies show DRG can increase average speeds by 25% and reduce CO2 emissions by 17%, while EMS has improved fuel efficiency by up to 18% in tests.
IRJET- Optimal Strategy for Extraction of Traffic Based on PLCIRJET Journal
This document presents a system for optimizing traffic control at busy four-way intersections using a programmable logic controller (PLC). Sensors monitor vehicle density in each lane and the PLC uses this input to determine priority and automatically adjust light timing as needed. The PLC communicates with traffic lights and displays using RS-485 converters. When sensors detect heavier traffic in a lane, the PLC increases the green light time for that lane and decreases it for other lanes. This allows the system to dynamically optimize traffic flow based on real-time conditions.
This document discusses dilemma zone response at signalized intersections and presents a model for analyzing dilemma zone incursions using video image processing. It aims to determine if video image processing can be used to reduce clearance interval conflicts without reducing traffic signal efficiency. The document provides background on clearance intervals and dilemma zones. It then describes developing a model to classify vehicles approaching yellow and all-red intervals, calculate stopping distances, and compare these to distances from the stop line to identify potential dilemma zone incursions. The model results would help monitor driver responses and develop an algorithm to only consider situations where drivers attempted to stop.
Traffic congestion is diagnosed as principal problems in current urban regions, that have triggered an awful lot uncomfortable for the ambulance to journey. Moreover, road accidents in the city have been increasing and to bar the loss of life due to accidents is even more crucial because the range of automobiles grows hastily each 12 months, more and more traffic congestion happens, turning into a huge trouble for civil engineers in almost all metropolitan cities. Emergency Vehicle Pre-emption systems play a key role in reprioritizing signalized traffic intersections.
This role is essential for safe and minimal travel put off of Emergency vehicles (EV) passing through avenue intersections. This paintings especially objectives on presenting answer for the problem faced via ambulances which can be transferring toward the visitors sign for the duration of excessive density visitors.
TCP/IP Protocol Based Adaptive Cruise Control using Raspberry PiIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for adaptive cruise control using sensors and two Raspberry Pi boards connected via TCP/IP protocol. The system consists of a slave Raspberry Pi board that detects various vehicle and road parameters using sensors like ultrasonic sensors for distance, humidity sensors for weather, accelerometers for slope detection, etc. The slave board sends the sensor data to a master Raspberry Pi board over TCP/IP. The master board controls the speed of a DC motor based on whether the sensor values are within predefined thresholds. If values exceed thresholds, the motor speed is adjusted. The system aims to automatically control vehicle speed based on road and traffic conditions to improve safety.
IRJET- Automatic Traffic Control System based on the Vehicular DensityIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automatic traffic control system based on vehicular density. The system uses infrared sensors placed along roads to detect the number of vehicles passing through each lane. This information is sent to a microcontroller which then determines which lane has the highest traffic density and assigns a longer green light period to that lane dynamically. The goal is to optimize traffic flow compared to traditional fixed-time traffic lights. The system architecture includes infrared sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller board, which controls traffic lights and displays information on an LCD screen. Simulation results show the microcontroller directing green lights based on detected vehicle buildup in different lanes. This proposed system aims to reduce traffic congestion by adapting signal times based on real-time traffic conditions
IRJET - Unmanned Traffic Signal Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed unmanned traffic signal monitoring system that uses image processing and computer vision techniques. A camera would be installed alongside traffic lights to capture images of the road. Image processing would be used to calculate traffic density in real-time based on the images in order to dynamically switch the traffic light signals according to vehicle congestion. The system aims to reduce traffic congestion by minimizing the time green lights are on for empty roads. It would also detect ambulances using ZigBee transmission and switch all traffic lights to green to clear a path for emergency vehicles.
Design, development and testing of a wireless sensor network for medical appl...sudhakar5472
This document describes the design and development of a wireless sensor network for medical monitoring applications. The system uses ECG sensors interfaced with microcontrollers to transmit patient data via Zigbee wireless communication to a monitoring center consisting of a PC and GSM modem. If abnormal readings are detected, an alert message is sent to caregivers. The system allows for multiple patients to be monitored remotely in real-time, increasing independence for elderly patients while still providing medical assistance when needed.
A passive radio frequency p h-sensing tag for wireless food-quality monitoringsudhakar5472
The document presents a wireless pH-sensing tag for monitoring food quality. The tag includes a flexible pH sensor integrated with wireless communication circuitry, allowing for convenient and long-term in situ monitoring of food quality from production to retail without batteries. The proposed system connects a pH sensor to a microcontroller that receives sensor data and sends it via Zigbee to a PC for display. It would allow food producers and retailers to remotely monitor produce pH levels to ensure safety and reduce waste.
A wearable inertial sensor node for body motion analysissudhakar5472
The document describes the design and implementation of a wearable wireless inertial sensor node for body motion analysis. A triaxial accelerometer, biaxial gyroscope, and yaw rate gyroscope are integrated onto a printed circuit board to sense accelerations and angular rates. The small, printed inverted-F antenna allows for comfortable wearing while maintaining reasonable performance. The sensor node can be adapted to applications with different power requirements through periodic and event-driven wakeup functions in the software. The sensor data is wirelessly transmitted to a PC for analysis and monitoring of body motions and behaviors.
The design and implementation of power earth line monitoring systemsudhakar5472
The document describes a proposed power earth-line monitoring system that uses GSM communications to collect, record, and display physical parameters of earth lines during power line construction and maintenance. The existing manual earth line inspection system is time-consuming and difficult for fault identification. The proposed system addresses this by using an intelligent earth monitor connected to a GSM modem to transmit earth line state data via short messages. When installed, it can detect if the earth line is connected or disconnected and display this information at a remote monitoring center. The system has hardware components like a microcontroller, sensors, and GSM modem and requires software like Embedded C and a VB program for monitoring.
The document describes a design for an embedded web-based remote monitoring system for laboratory environments. The system uses an ARM microprocessor as the main controller connected to sensor networks, cameras, and communication modules. An embedded Linux system and web server allow remote monitoring and management of environmental data and video images through a web browser. Managers can view data, control equipment, and receive alerts. The system was implemented and experimental results showed it effectively enabled remote monitoring and local management of laboratory environments.
A remote online monitoring system for damsudhakar5472
This document proposes a remote online monitoring system for dams that uses sensors to monitor parameters like temperature, displacement, load, and stress in real-time. The sensor data is sent via GPRS to a computer server where it is stored and analyzed. This allows dam conditions to be monitored centrally without needing manual on-site measurements. The proposed system interfaces sensors with a PIC microcontroller that sends abnormal sensor readings via GPRS. Authorized users can then access the sensor data remotely for monitoring dam safety.
This document proposes a remote online monitoring system for dams that uses sensors to monitor parameters like temperature, displacement, load, and stress in real-time. The sensor data is sent via GPRS to a computer server where it is stored and analyzed. This allows dam conditions to be monitored centrally without needing manual on-site measurements. The proposed system interfaces sensors with a PIC microcontroller that sends abnormal sensor readings via GPRS. Authorized users can then access the sensor data remotely for monitoring dam safety.
Ima an integrated monitoring architecture with sensor networkssudhakar5472
The document proposes an integrated monitoring architecture using sensor networks. It aims to address the difficulties of integrating heterogeneous monitoring systems that are commonly developed separately. The proposed system creates a common database to store parameters measured from two environments - living and industrial - using wireless sensor networks. Temperature, humidity, voltage, and current are measured by sensors and transmitted via Zigbee and PIC microcontrollers to the database section. Users can access the stored data by selecting an environment and providing login credentials.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
An open traffic light control model for reducing vehicles’ co2 emissions based on etc vehicles
1. AN OPEN TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL MODEL FOR
REDUCING VEHICLES’ CO2 EMISSIONS BASED ON ETC
VEHICLES
Abstract:
In recent years, the problem of global warming has seriously become a worldwide
concern. It involves issues such as the sea-level-rising problem. During the last 100 years, the
global mean sea level has risen between 10 and 25 cm (18-cm average). A typical driving trip
consists of idling, accelerating, cruising, and decelerating. The proportion of trip in these
different stages depends on the driver’s behavior and the traffic’s congestion level. The CO2
emission from these stages is different. During Idling the engine consumes more fuel and
releases more CO2 than in cruising stage. Most common reason for engine Idling is Stop & Go
drive. The stop and go usually occurs at parking and intersections (signals). Hence controlling
traffic signals intelligently will reduce CO2 emission, thus by reducing Air Pollution.
Existing system:
One of the ways to smooth travelling is the traffic light control. The most widely used
control scheme is the fixed-time control, but it cannot meet the requests of optimal waiting times.
The most widely used control scheme is the fixed-time control, but it cannot meet the requests of
optimal waiting times.
Proposed system:
In the proposed system, a three-tier open model is proposed for adaptive traffic light
control, which is mainly aimed at smoothing vehicle travels. The function of tier-1 mainly
concerns collecting road traffic flow information data, sending traffic flow data, receiving traffic
light phase data, and calculating recommended speeds. Tier-1 is fixed section on the lane
entrance.
2. The tier-2 consists of traffic signal section. The traffic information is transmitted in
wireless to tier-1 and tier-3. The information consists of the current signal information, timing
for the next green signal or the time left out for the current green signal.
The tier-3 is the information collecting center which is used for third party interface. The
information about the traffic flow can be seen through this section.
Block Diagram:
TIER-1:
Power
Supply
8051
LCD
GPS
Micro
Controller
MAX
232
Zigbee
4. PC with .net
Software requirements
Embedded c
Keil C Compiler
VB .net
Advantages
CO2 emission is reduced thus reducing air pollution
Traffic congestion is avoided
Fuel efficiency for vehicles is maintained