Abnormal ECG- Arhythmia.pptx
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This document summarizes several types of supraventricular arrhythmias (abnormalities of impulse generation or conduction above the ventricles), including: - Sinus arrhythmia, where the heart rate varies due to breathing - Sinus bradycardia, a slow heart rate below 60 BPM, and sinus tachycardia, a fast heart rate over 100 BPM - Premature beats that occur earlier than expected, such as premature atrial complexes or premature junctional complexes - Supraventricular tachycardia, a rapid heart rate over 150 BPM that can be sustained or paroxysmal - Atrial flutter, where the normal P-waves are replaced by
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This document provides an overview of tachyarrhythmias. It begins by defining arrhythmia and tachycardia. It then discusses the etiology, pathogenesis and mechanisms of tachycardia. It describes the different types of tachyarrhythmias including supraventricular tachycardia involving the atria, AV node, and ventricular tachycardia. For each type, it provides details on definition, signs and symptoms, ECG findings, etiology, and treatment approaches. It specifically addresses atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fib
Shadechapter09.ppt [read only]
Atrial dysrhythmias originate outside the SA node and are caused by three mechanisms: increased automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry. Key characteristics include abnormal P waves and P-R intervals with normal QRS complexes. Wandering atrial pacemaker produces changing P waves as the pacemaker site shifts. Premature atrial complexes originate outside the SA node and cause rhythm irregularity with different P wave morphologies. Atrial tachycardia and multifocal atrial tachycardia involve rapid atrial rates while supraventricular tachycardia cannot identify a specific origin. Atrial flutter shows sawtooth waves at 250-350 bpm and atrial fibrillation is chaotic firing with no P waves
shadechapter09-150421103043-conversion-gate02.pdf
Atrial dysrhythmias originate outside the SA node and are caused by three mechanisms. Key characteristics include abnormal P waves and P-R intervals with normal QRS complexes. Wandering atrial pacemaker causes shifting P wave morphology. Premature atrial complexes produce irregularity with differently shaped P waves preceding QRS. Atrial tachycardia arises from the atria at 150-250 bpm, overriding the SA node. Atrial flutter has a saw-tooth appearance at 250-350 bpm. Atrial fibrillation is chaotic firing with fibrillatory waves but no P waves.
Narrow qrs tachycardia part 1
This document discusses various types of narrow complex tachycardia, including their characteristics and causes. It describes sinus tachycardia, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, multifocal atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter. For each type, it provides details on electrocardiogram patterns such as P wave morphology, axis, and relationships to QRS complexes that can help distinguish the different supraventricular arrhythmias.
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ECG analysis on normal sinus rhythm and atrial arrhythmias.pptx
ECG analysis on normal sinus rhythm and atrial arrhythmias.pptx
Tachycardias associated with accessory av pathways
Tachycardias associated with accessory av pathways
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Carcinoma of the respiratory tract can be benign or malignant, with the majority being malignant. It is more common in males, urban dwellers, and smokers. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma, while anaplastic carcinoma metastasizes earliest. Symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, pain, malaise, and weight loss. Treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with physiotherapy before and after procedures to clear secretions and improve breathing.
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A pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. It can be caused by trauma, rupture of blebs or bullae in the lungs, or underlying lung conditions. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. On examination, findings may include diminished chest movement, absent breath sounds, and hyper-resonance on percussion. Treatment involves bed rest for small pneumothorax, needle aspiration or chest tube for large ones, and potential pleurodesis or pleurectomy for recurrent cases. Physiotherapy focuses on expansion exercises to re-expand the lung and shoulder exercises to maintain mobility.
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"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
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Example of Market Research working
Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT.
Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
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Recent Trends
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Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
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Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
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Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
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Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
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Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
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- 1. Abnormal ECG
- 2. ARRHYTHMIA IDENTIFICATION Supraventricular Arrhythmias Abnormality of impulse generation or conduction "above" the level of the ventricles. Sinus arrhythmia, Atrial arrhythmia, Junctional arrhythmia.
- 3. Sinus arrhythmia Sinus arrhythmia is an irregular sinus rhythm with varying R-R intervals.
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- 5. Sinus tachycardia Sinus rhythm occurring at a rate of greater than 100 BPM. It increases myocardial oxygen demand, or the workload on the heart.
- 6. Premature Arrhythmia “Premature’’ complex, that is, a beat that occurs sooner than expected given the established rhythm. A premature atrial complex, or PAC, is an early beat of atrial origin.
- 7. An R-wave appears closer to its preceding R-wave than the other R-waves in the established rhythm. Closer inspection reveals the presence of a P-wave associated with the QRS complex, meaning that the impulse first depolarized the atria before being conducted to the ventricles.
- 8. Sometimes the AV junction may initiate an early beat, causing a premature junctional complex or PJC. When this occurs, the R wave appears earlier; however, there may be no associated P- wave, or there may be an unusual P-wave, one that is inverted or following the QRS complex. An inverted or late P-wave indicates that the impulse was conducted in retrograde (backward) fashion. Clinically, a premature atrial or junctional complex may be palpated as a "skipped" or early beat during pulse taking
- 9. A more serious supraventricular arrhythmia is supraventricular tachycardia, or SVT. In this arrhythmia, the heart rate is rapid, exceeding 150 BPM. The tachycardia may be sustained, lasting hours or even days, or may be "paroxysmal" (PSVT), appearing abruptly and spontaneously reconverting to the previous rhythm within seconds or minutes. The P-wave is often not visible, making assessment of atrial or junctional origin difficult, but the duration of the QRS complexes occurs within an appropriate interval. The R-R interval, however, is markedly shortened.
- 10. Atrial flutter Another arrhythmia that is characterized by abnormal atrial activity is atrial flutter. In this rhythm, P-waves are replaced by F-waves that have a distinctive morphology often referred to as a "saw tooth" or "picket fence" appearance. Of clinical importance is the ratio of atrial to ventricular conduction and whether or not the patient is hemodynamically stable.