Environmental Energy is an alternative energy for wireless devices. A Survey of Energy Harvesting Sources for IoT Device is proposed. This paper identifies the sources of energy harvesting, methods and power density of each technique. Many reassert have carried to extract energy from environment. The IoT and M2M are connected through internet or local area network and these devices come with batteries. The maintenance and charging of batteries becomes tedious due to thousands of device are connected. The concept of Energy harvesting gives the solution for powering IoT, M2M, Wireless nodes etc. The process of extracting energy from the surrounding environment is termed as energy harvesting and derived from windmill and water wheel, thermal, mechanical, solar.
Design and Simulation of Electrification By Solar-Wind Hybrid Systemijtsrd
With the rising energy demand and lack of infrastructure because of geographical condition of Pyin Kha Yaing Village, the whole village is still not inter-connected to National Grid System. This village is located in Ngapudaw Township, Ayarwaddy Division. The latitude and longitude of study case is 15.980992 and 94.400207 respectively. Presently, the electrification of Pyin Kha Yaing Village is carried out by steam boiler driven generator with burning of Rice-Husk. With this source, total average consumption is observed as 3.4 MWh D. Instead of steam boiler generator driven, Solar-Wind Hybrid Generation system is employed for this place. A simulation model for wind-solar hybrid system is developed using the Matlab Simulation software. The proposed model is combination of Wind Energy System, Photovoltaic PV array, Converter, Battery storage and inverter. The simulation model of solar-wind hybrid system for selected region is presented. Aye Ei Ei Cho | Su Su Myat Mon "Design and Simulation of Electrification By Solar-Wind Hybrid System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18946.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/18946/design-and-simulation-of-electrification-by-solar-wind-hybrid-system/aye-ei-ei-cho
Control for Grid Connected and Intentional Islanding of Distributed Power Gen...ijtsrd
As the demand for more reliable and secure power system with greater power quality increases, the concept of distributed generation DG have become more popular. This popularity of DG concept has developed simultaneously with the decrease in manufacturing costs associated with clean and alternative technologies like fuel cells, biomass, micro turbine and solar cell systems. Intentional islanding is the purposeful sectionalisation of the utility system during widespread disturbances to create power “islandâ€. This island can be designed to maintain a continuous supply of power during disturbances of the main distribution system. Ruchali Borkute | Nikita Malwar ""Control for Grid Connected and Intentional Islanding of Distributed Power Generation"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23679.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23679/control-for-grid-connected-and-intentional-islanding-of-distributed-power-generation/ruchali-borkute
Design and Simulation of Electrification By Solar-Wind Hybrid Systemijtsrd
With the rising energy demand and lack of infrastructure because of geographical condition of Pyin Kha Yaing Village, the whole village is still not inter-connected to National Grid System. This village is located in Ngapudaw Township, Ayarwaddy Division. The latitude and longitude of study case is 15.980992 and 94.400207 respectively. Presently, the electrification of Pyin Kha Yaing Village is carried out by steam boiler driven generator with burning of Rice-Husk. With this source, total average consumption is observed as 3.4 MWh D. Instead of steam boiler generator driven, Solar-Wind Hybrid Generation system is employed for this place. A simulation model for wind-solar hybrid system is developed using the Matlab Simulation software. The proposed model is combination of Wind Energy System, Photovoltaic PV array, Converter, Battery storage and inverter. The simulation model of solar-wind hybrid system for selected region is presented. Aye Ei Ei Cho | Su Su Myat Mon "Design and Simulation of Electrification By Solar-Wind Hybrid System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18946.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/18946/design-and-simulation-of-electrification-by-solar-wind-hybrid-system/aye-ei-ei-cho
Control for Grid Connected and Intentional Islanding of Distributed Power Gen...ijtsrd
As the demand for more reliable and secure power system with greater power quality increases, the concept of distributed generation DG have become more popular. This popularity of DG concept has developed simultaneously with the decrease in manufacturing costs associated with clean and alternative technologies like fuel cells, biomass, micro turbine and solar cell systems. Intentional islanding is the purposeful sectionalisation of the utility system during widespread disturbances to create power “islandâ€. This island can be designed to maintain a continuous supply of power during disturbances of the main distribution system. Ruchali Borkute | Nikita Malwar ""Control for Grid Connected and Intentional Islanding of Distributed Power Generation"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23679.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23679/control-for-grid-connected-and-intentional-islanding-of-distributed-power-generation/ruchali-borkute
Performance Enhancement of DC Load and Batteries in Photovoltaic Systemijtsrd
To avoid the pollution and to save the non conventional resources, use of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, bio gas, hydro and solar potential has increased and become essential to adopt a low cost generating system in remote areas. Besides the variety of energy sources, solar power advantages are easy to make apparent compared to other methods. For many years, solar energy is the series source of vast amounts of freely available energy, but modern technology has harnessed it. In this paper a proper battery charge controller used in the Standalone Photovoltaic PV system. The power is transfer to the dc load and manages storage level available in this proposed technique. From the PV array the maximum power is extracted by using three different methods. In this proposed technique ‘perturb and observe' and the ‘incremental conductance' control methods and algorithms are analyzed. The system modelling as well as simulation results are presented. Dr. N. Prakash "Performance Enhancement of DC Load and Batteries in Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21638.pdf
With increased competitiveness in power generation industries, more resources are directed in optimizing plant operation, including fault detection and diagnosis. One of the most powerful tools in faults detection and diagnosis is artificial intelligence AI . Faults should be detected early so correct mitigation measures can be taken, whilst false alarms should be eschewed to avoid unnecessary interruption and downtime. For the last few decades there has been major interest towards intelligent condition monitoring system ICMS application in power plant especially with AI development particularly in artificial neural network ANN . ANN is based on quite simple principles, but takes advantage of their mathematical nature, non linear iteration to demonstrate powerful problem solving ability. With massive possibility and room for improvement in AI, the inspiration for researching them are apparent, and literally, hundreds of papers have been published, discussing the findings of hybrid AI for condition monitoring purposes. In this paper, the studies of ANN and fuzzy logic application will be presented. P. Naveen | S. Nikitha | P. Sudeesh | V. Vaishnavi "Artificial Intelligence in Power Station" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29784/artificial-intelligence-in-power-station/p-naveen
Role of storage in smart grid
Different types of storage technologies
USE OF BATTERIES IN GRID
TYPES OF BATTERIES
SMES {SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE}
Communication, Measurement and Monitoring Technologies for Smart Grid
Real time pricing
Smart Meters
CLOUD Computing
cyber security for smart grid
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
Wind energy is one of the best renewable sources
for power generation since many years because wind is clean
and unbounded. Small scale wind turbine (less than 100 kW
rated) have been used for many application like home, villages
and telecommunication facilities to produce electricity. The
global growths in small scale wind turbine help to ensure the
safety reliability and performance. This paper report
simulation and optimization of small scale wind energy system
for rural area and small scale turbine operated at 4m/s or
above the 4m/s wind speed. This research is done for optimal
design of wind energy system. The HOMER tool is use to
simulate and design of small scale wind system for village. The
proposed small scale wind system consists with wind turbine,
generator, batteries, and converter. A typical model is
constructed with HOMER tool.
In these slides we discuss that how to trade a energy which is generated from renewable resources and how to manage that energy
Regards: Dr Muhammad Naeem
Assistant Professor CIIT WAH Cantt
Self Electricity Generation and Energy Saving By Solar Using Programmable Sys...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Monitoring and remote control of a hybrid photovoltaic microgridIJERA Editor
The search of new alternatives for energy supply in island communities has always been a challenge in scientific
and social context. In order to attend these communities, in January 2013 a photovoltaic hybrid microgrid project
had its beginning at Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). This paper presents the
characterization and the development of such microgrid, monitored remotely via internet, which allows
visualizing the electrical measurements, energy production and performing remote control actions. This work
also aims increasing the interaction between students of universities to perform laboratory practices. The system
consists of two photovoltaic modules technologies, mono and multicrystalline, totaling 570 Wp, connected to an
energy storage bank of 200 Ah in 24 V and a pure sinusoidal inverter of 1 kW to supply AC voltage loads of 220
V. All acquisition components of data, conversion and management system are located in a control cabinet.
Currently, the microgrid uses the utility grid as an auxiliary generator, simulating an alternative source of energy,
which can be further replaced by fuel cell, biodiesel generator, etc.
The slides for a presentation on Energy harvesting and the state off the art designs currently taking advantage of the energy around us.
Energy harvesting (also known as power harvesting or energy scavenging) is the process by which energy is derived from external sources (e.g.solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy), captured, and stored for small, wireless autonomous devices, like those used in wearable electronics and wireless sensor networks.
Credits: A thanks go out to Johan Pedersen for introducing me to the subject a great workshop and use of some of his slides.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how energy harvesters are becoming more economically feasible for the Internet of Things (IoT). Small amounts of energy can be harvested from vibrations, temperature differences, and radio frequencies using various types of electronic devices such as piezoelectric, MEMS, thermo-electric power generators, and other devices. As improvements in them occur and as the energy requirements of accelerometers, pressure sensors, gas detectors, bio-sensors, and readout circuits fall from microwatts to hundreds of nano-watts, energy harvesters become cheaper and better than are batteries. Improvements in energy harvesting are occurring in the form of higher power per area or higher power per temperature difference and improvements of about five times are expected to occur in the next 5 to 10 years. The market for energy harvesters is expected to reach $2.5 Billion by 2024. In addition to their impact on buildings and the other usual applications for IoT, they will also impact on agriculture, aircraft, and medical implants.
Performance Enhancement of DC Load and Batteries in Photovoltaic Systemijtsrd
To avoid the pollution and to save the non conventional resources, use of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, bio gas, hydro and solar potential has increased and become essential to adopt a low cost generating system in remote areas. Besides the variety of energy sources, solar power advantages are easy to make apparent compared to other methods. For many years, solar energy is the series source of vast amounts of freely available energy, but modern technology has harnessed it. In this paper a proper battery charge controller used in the Standalone Photovoltaic PV system. The power is transfer to the dc load and manages storage level available in this proposed technique. From the PV array the maximum power is extracted by using three different methods. In this proposed technique ‘perturb and observe' and the ‘incremental conductance' control methods and algorithms are analyzed. The system modelling as well as simulation results are presented. Dr. N. Prakash "Performance Enhancement of DC Load and Batteries in Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21638.pdf
With increased competitiveness in power generation industries, more resources are directed in optimizing plant operation, including fault detection and diagnosis. One of the most powerful tools in faults detection and diagnosis is artificial intelligence AI . Faults should be detected early so correct mitigation measures can be taken, whilst false alarms should be eschewed to avoid unnecessary interruption and downtime. For the last few decades there has been major interest towards intelligent condition monitoring system ICMS application in power plant especially with AI development particularly in artificial neural network ANN . ANN is based on quite simple principles, but takes advantage of their mathematical nature, non linear iteration to demonstrate powerful problem solving ability. With massive possibility and room for improvement in AI, the inspiration for researching them are apparent, and literally, hundreds of papers have been published, discussing the findings of hybrid AI for condition monitoring purposes. In this paper, the studies of ANN and fuzzy logic application will be presented. P. Naveen | S. Nikitha | P. Sudeesh | V. Vaishnavi "Artificial Intelligence in Power Station" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29784/artificial-intelligence-in-power-station/p-naveen
Role of storage in smart grid
Different types of storage technologies
USE OF BATTERIES IN GRID
TYPES OF BATTERIES
SMES {SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE}
Communication, Measurement and Monitoring Technologies for Smart Grid
Real time pricing
Smart Meters
CLOUD Computing
cyber security for smart grid
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
Wind energy is one of the best renewable sources
for power generation since many years because wind is clean
and unbounded. Small scale wind turbine (less than 100 kW
rated) have been used for many application like home, villages
and telecommunication facilities to produce electricity. The
global growths in small scale wind turbine help to ensure the
safety reliability and performance. This paper report
simulation and optimization of small scale wind energy system
for rural area and small scale turbine operated at 4m/s or
above the 4m/s wind speed. This research is done for optimal
design of wind energy system. The HOMER tool is use to
simulate and design of small scale wind system for village. The
proposed small scale wind system consists with wind turbine,
generator, batteries, and converter. A typical model is
constructed with HOMER tool.
In these slides we discuss that how to trade a energy which is generated from renewable resources and how to manage that energy
Regards: Dr Muhammad Naeem
Assistant Professor CIIT WAH Cantt
Self Electricity Generation and Energy Saving By Solar Using Programmable Sys...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Monitoring and remote control of a hybrid photovoltaic microgridIJERA Editor
The search of new alternatives for energy supply in island communities has always been a challenge in scientific
and social context. In order to attend these communities, in January 2013 a photovoltaic hybrid microgrid project
had its beginning at Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). This paper presents the
characterization and the development of such microgrid, monitored remotely via internet, which allows
visualizing the electrical measurements, energy production and performing remote control actions. This work
also aims increasing the interaction between students of universities to perform laboratory practices. The system
consists of two photovoltaic modules technologies, mono and multicrystalline, totaling 570 Wp, connected to an
energy storage bank of 200 Ah in 24 V and a pure sinusoidal inverter of 1 kW to supply AC voltage loads of 220
V. All acquisition components of data, conversion and management system are located in a control cabinet.
Currently, the microgrid uses the utility grid as an auxiliary generator, simulating an alternative source of energy,
which can be further replaced by fuel cell, biodiesel generator, etc.
The slides for a presentation on Energy harvesting and the state off the art designs currently taking advantage of the energy around us.
Energy harvesting (also known as power harvesting or energy scavenging) is the process by which energy is derived from external sources (e.g.solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy), captured, and stored for small, wireless autonomous devices, like those used in wearable electronics and wireless sensor networks.
Credits: A thanks go out to Johan Pedersen for introducing me to the subject a great workshop and use of some of his slides.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how energy harvesters are becoming more economically feasible for the Internet of Things (IoT). Small amounts of energy can be harvested from vibrations, temperature differences, and radio frequencies using various types of electronic devices such as piezoelectric, MEMS, thermo-electric power generators, and other devices. As improvements in them occur and as the energy requirements of accelerometers, pressure sensors, gas detectors, bio-sensors, and readout circuits fall from microwatts to hundreds of nano-watts, energy harvesters become cheaper and better than are batteries. Improvements in energy harvesting are occurring in the form of higher power per area or higher power per temperature difference and improvements of about five times are expected to occur in the next 5 to 10 years. The market for energy harvesters is expected to reach $2.5 Billion by 2024. In addition to their impact on buildings and the other usual applications for IoT, they will also impact on agriculture, aircraft, and medical implants.
The Spansion Energy Harvesting family includes the MB39C811, an ultra-low-power buck PMIC with dual input that enables efficient harvesting from both solar and vibration energy; and the MB39C831, an ultra-low-voltage boost PMIC for solar or thermal. The Spansion Energy Harvesting family of devices works seamlessly with Spansion FM0+ microcontrollers (MCUs), ultra-low-power microcontrollers (based on the ARM Cortex-M0+ core) for industrial and cost-sensitive applications with low-power requirements.
Learn more: http://www.spansion.com/Products/Analog/Energy-Harvesting-PMICs/Pages/pmic-eh.aspx
Power Estimation for Wearable Piezoelectric Energy HarvesterTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The aim of this research work is to estimate the amount of electricity produced to power up wearable devices using a piezoelectric actuator, as an alternative to external power supply. A prototype of the device has been designed to continuously rotate a piezoelectric actuator mounted on a cantilever beam. A MATLAB® simulation was done to predict the amount of power harvested from human kinetic energy. Further simulation was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics® to model a cantilever beam with piezoelectric layer. With the base excitation and the presence of tip mass at the beam, the natural frequencies and mode shapes have been analyzed to improve the amount of energy harvested. In this work, it was estimated that a maximum amount of power that could be generated is 250 μW with up to 5.5V DC output. The outcome from this research works will aid in optimising the design of the energy harvester. This research work provides optimistic possibility in harvesting sufficient energy required for wearable devices.
Control Strategy for Distributed Integration of Photovoltaic and Battery Ener...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The micro-grid deployments are growing with independently, power system designers,
manufacturers and researchers for the applications where the loads are more efficient association with
extra output sources such as Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and Photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Using renewable source as main sources for micro-grid system also can avoid from the pollution to occur.
Energy storage when combined with PV system can provide a stronger economic performance, as well as
an added benefit of backup power for critical loads. This project proposed control strategies for integration
of BESS and PV in a micro-grid. The operation enables the maximum PV and BESS utilization during
different operating condition of the micro-grid, grid connected, islanded mode or a process between these
two operations. The project will focus on analyzing the performance between photovoltaic system and
battery in the simulations of micro-grids system and validate the simulation result using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software. After the simulation was analyzed, the understanding of benefit in using
renewable energy source as main power supply with support from battery energy storage to supply the
power to the loads and power managements is realized in the different modes on micro-grid which is grid
connected or islanded states. When the power generation from PV system was not enough to
accommodate electric loads, the BESS or from secondary side of transformer will supply the insufficient
power.
AN ADAPTIVE EXTREMUM SEEKING CONTROL FOR REAL TIME OPTIMIZATION IN PHOTOVOLTA...Editor IJMTER
Extremum seeking control approach is a theory building a feedback system in such a
way that oscillation around the MPPT will boost the PV System efficiency .An alternative ESC
approach is to introduce a small amount of perturbation into the control system. Maximum Power
Point Tracker (MPPT) using extremum seeking control algorithm with emphasis in solar
photovoltaic (PV) system. The ESC is better because of its low cost ,high efficiency and good
power factor . Ripple Correlation Control(RCC) is used in first stage high pass filter along with the
relational operator to develop the system .The reason for choose RCC is due to its high voltage gain
and a low input current ripple which minimizes the oscillation at the module operation point .A
major advantage of ESC is that it is capable of improving the system performance .The variable
phase MPPT power ripple feedback signal developed by sensing and multiplying together PV array
.The entire system is simulated using Matlab simulink environment .The system is expected to be
operated with high efficiency and low cost long life time.
Research on Micro-grid Stability Based on Data Center and Battery ArrayIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:At present, the number of distributed energy in the micro-grid shows a gradually increasing trend. In order to absorb and use distributed energy greatly, and to achieve stable control of the micro-grid, this paper adjusts the load power and distributed energy to match the demand response, and then make the micro-grid stable. Through the adjustable load to reduce the peak and fill the valley in themicro-grid, and use the energy storage device to achieve the excess output and load demand. By using the data center and the battery array to control the micro-grid, the data center load is adjustable and the battery array is to absorb the energy release. The intermittent fluctuations of the distributed energy in the micro-grid has been suppressed, and this two devices achieve stable control of the micro-grid in two different ways.
Distributed energy resources (DER) based micro grid and Nano-grid framework is most technically viable bottom-top approach to sustainably meet ever-increasing demand of rural and urban communities. Recently the growth of DC operative home appliances like mobile and lap top chargers, ovens and hair dryer’s etc. are increasing and therefore a DC/DC converter is an efficient way to meet the electricity need from the local DER and helps in improving the system efficiency. This paper presents simulation results of a buck boost converter, MPPT algorithm (P & O method) for solar PV module and closed loop PI control system for obtaining constant 12 V and 24 V DC output voltage at DC bus. The proposed methodology is to extract maximum DC power from solar PV system and it is directly fed to DC load or DC Nano grid.
Adaptive maximum power point tracking using neural networks for a photovoltai...Mellah Hacene
Adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Neural Networks for a Photovoltaic Systems According Grid
Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, (5), 57–66, 2021. https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2021.5.08
This paper presented the study, development and implementation of the maximum power point of a photovoltaic energy generator adapted by elevator converter and controlled by a maximum power point command. In order to improve photovoltaic system performance and to force the photovoltaic generator to operate at its maximum power point, the idea of the context of this paper deals with the exploitation of the technique of the artificial intelligence mechanism (neural network) certainly based on the three parts of the photovoltaic system (photovoltaic module inputs (temperature and solar radiation), photovoltaic module and control (MPPT)) that have been adopted within a simulation time of 24 hours. In addition, to reach the optimal operating point regardless of variations in climatic conditions, the use of a neuron network based disturbance and observation algorithm (P&O) is put into service of the system given its reliability, its simplicity and view that at any time it can follow the desired maximum power. The entire system is implemented in the Matlab / Simulink environment where simulation results obtained are very promising and have shown the effectiveness and speed of neural technology that still require a learning base so to improve the performance of photovoltaic systems and exploit them in energy production, as well as this technique has proved that these results are much better in terms (of its very great precision and speed of computation) than those of the controller based on the conventional MPPT method P&O.
Intelligent control of battery energy storage for microgrid energy management...IJECEIAES
In this paper, an intelligent control strategy for a microgrid system consisting of Photovoltaic panels, grid-connected, and li-ion battery energy storage systems proposed. The energy management based on the managing of battery charging and discharging by integration of a smart controller for DC/DC bidirectional converter. The main novelty of this solution are the integration of artificial neural network (ANN) for the estimation of the battery state of charge (SOC) and for the control of bidirectional converter. The simulation results obtained in the MATLAB/Simulink environment explain the performance and the robust of the proposed control technique.
Similar to a survey of energy harvesting sources for io t device (20)
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
a survey of energy harvesting sources for io t device
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A Survey of Energy Harvesting Sources for IoT
Device
Mamatha Dhananjaya, Manjunatha Reddy H S
Department of ECE, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, India
Abstract— Environmental Energy is an alternative
energy for wireless devices. A Survey of Energy
Harvesting Sources for IoT Device is proposed. This
paper identifies the sources of energy harvesting, methods
and power density of each technique. Many reassert have
carried to extract energy from environment. The IoT and
M2M are connected through internet or local area
network and these devices come with batteries. The
maintenance and charging of batteries becomes tedious
due to thousands of device are connected. The concept of
Energy harvesting gives the solution for powering IoT,
M2M, Wireless nodes etc. The process of extracting
energy from the surrounding environment is termed as
energy harvesting and derived from windmill and water
wheel, thermal, mechanical, solar.
Keywords— Energy harvesting, Environmental energy,
Mechanical Turbine, MPPT, Piezoelectric material,
Power management, Thermoelectric Generator.
I. INTRODUCTION
The main focus of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is
energy efficiency as nodes of networks are powered by
batteries. The recharging operation of batteries is slow,
expensive and also decreases the performance of the
network. The battery operated WSN fail to provide the
requirements of many emerging applications for the
network. The energy harvesters combined with the use of
rechargeable batteries and super capacitors for energy
storage are suitable for WSN operations. The nodes of the
WSN are capable of extracting energy from the
surrounding environment.
The Energy harvesting is also playing an important role in
providing energy to IoT (Internet of Things) devices
where billions of wireless sensor nodes are deployed. The
Energy harvesting also known as power harvesting or
power scavenging or ambient energy is a process by
which energy is derived from external source i.e., solar
energy, mechanical energy, thermal energy and wind
energy are captured and stored for later use. IoT and
M2M (Machine to Machine) are mainly with wireless
sensor terminals located to collect data. Powering these
devices is a big challenge. Using conventional batteries is
not always advantageous since they require human
intervention to replace them. Hence acquiring the
electrical power needed to operate these devices is a
major concern. An alternative type of energy source [1] to
conventional batteries is the energy harvesting. Energy
harvesting technology uses solar cells, piezoelectric
elements and thermoelectric element to convert light
vibration and heat energy into electricity to the IoT
devices.
In this paper we discussed the various types of energy
harvesting, types of energy source available for
harvesting and comparison of all methods. The major
components of IoT and M2M devices are wireless
sensors, energy harvesting transducer, energy processing
sensor, microcontroller and wireless radio.
II. SOURCES OF ENERGY HARVESTING
The four main ambient sources of energy harvesting are
Solar, Mechanical, Thermal and Wind energy.
Table.1: Comparison of power outputs from energy
harvesting technologies.[2]
Type of
Energy
Harvesting Method Power Density
Solar
Solar energy-out
doors
Solar energy-
indoors
15mW/cm3
-bright
sunny day
0.15mW/cm3
-
cloudy day
10-100µW/cm2
Mechanical
Vibrations
(piezoelectric-shoe
insert)
Vibrations(electrost
atic conversion)
Vibrations(electrom
agnetic conversion)
330µW/cm3
0.021µW/mm3
-
105Hz
184µW/cm2
-10Hz
306µW/cm3
-52Hz
Thermal
Thermoelectric—
5∘C gradient
40 𝜇W/cm3
Wind Wind flow
16.2 𝜇W/cm3
—5
m/s
These harvestings which is used to replace or charge
batteries includes electrodynamics, Photovoltaic,
Piezoelectric, radio frequency and thermo voltaic. The
power densities of the above techniques are given in
Table1.
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III. SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING
In solar energy harvesting, solar cells collects the sunlight
and convert into electricity. Under optimum condition
solar panel are rated at 15% to 20% efficiency and varies
under optimum conditions. The solar panel reduces its
efficiency of conversion during rain, cloudy skies. Sun is
the most rich in renewable energy source in the world.
The earth receives solar energy in an hour is greater than
the energy consumed in a year. This makes the
photovoltaic materials one of the most significant
alternative energy harvesters.
Energy harvesting techniques (thermoelectric,
piezoelectric, photovoltaic, etc.) requires additional
components that increase the circuit complexity and cost
of the device. Because of this wireless image sensor with
on-chip array is used [3]. This paper focuses on the design
and operation of the power management system including
the pixel array. The CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS)
array operates in photoconductive mode when imaging
and photovoltaic mode when harvesting. The power
management is performed using a single inductor
boost/buck regulator. The boost regulator harvests energy
from the sensor to charge onboard storage using
maximum power point tracking.
For video monitoring applications energy harvesting
power management unit is designed to get high power
density. It generates a 1V regulated voltage from external
photovoltaic harvester with super capacitor [4]. Here
energy harvesting power management unit is based on the
direct connection between photovoltaic cells and
regulated power supply along with DC/DC converter. To
exact the maximum power efficiency energy harvesting
power management unit operation uses the Maximum
power management technique. DC/DC convertor with
MPPT controls the harvester voltage.
Semiconductor companies have developed controllers to
optimize energy harvesting from solar panels. One such
approach is that using maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) technique is applied to control illumination and
temperature variation [5]. Also in this paper instead of
using frequency modulation scheme the specific
impedance tuning method is used. The result that they
have achieved 20µW and efficiency of 89%.
An intelligent energy harvesting [6] system is based on
MPPT for sensor nodes used in IoT to prolong the life of
lithium batteries. This system uses RS triggers, which
makes lithium battery charge only when the battery
voltage is lower than a specific value.
Another proposes is an energy prediction algorithm that
uses the light intensity of fluorescent lamps in an indoor
environment [7]. In this propose the algorithm gives
accurately estimated the amount of energy that will be
harvested by a solar panel.
IV. MECHANICAL ENRGY HARVESTING
Mechanical energy harvesting is also called as waste
energy harvesting is low power generations. Energies are
harvested by using vibration electricity conversion. This
conversion can be realized through these basic
mechanisms including electromagnetic, electrostatic and
piezoelectric transductions. Among these piezoelectric
transductions used widely because of piezoelectric
material. This material has large power densities. Solar
energy is not suitable or not accessible for mobile and
embedded electronics. In such cases mechanical energy in
the form of ambient vibrations, machine rotation, bio-
motion is representing the source of energy available all
the time. Piezoelectric transducers will be used to harvest
this energy ability to convert from mechanical to
electrical energy.
Piezoelectric energy harvesting devices like MEMS
generator or nanogenerators have added advantages of
flexible and foldable power source. Which are mainly for
biomedical sensors [8]. For Piezoelectric energy
harvesting MEMS generator or nanogenerators
implementation is by whip element that describes
mechanical measurements [9]. Specific fabrication is also
described in this paper. Here whip design is also
compared with cantilever. The piezoelectric energy
harvesting technology is also done based on cantilever
structure.
Electrostatic energy harvesting is based on changing the
capacitance of a vibration dependent variable capacitor.
In order to harvest the mechanical energy a variable
capacitor is created by opposing two plates one fixed and
one moving is initially charged. When vibration separates
the plates mechanical energy is transformed into electrical
energy from the capacitance. Energy can be harvested by
using electric field which will be used to operate low
power wireless sensor nodes. This can be done by using
aluminum foil is wrapped cylindrically around an
insulated AC power line [10].
Electromagnetic energy harvesting is based on Faraday's
law of electromagnetic induction. An electromagnetic
harvester uses an inductive spring mass system for
converting mechanical energy to electrical. It induces
voltage by moving a mass of magnetic material through a
magnetic field created by a stationary magnet. Vibration
based electromagnetic transducer provides a peak voltage
of 3.25v and operated at mechanical resonance frequency
about 10.4Hz [11]. The power converter has been
designed and this converter transfer harvested energy to a
storage capacitor.
V. THERMAL ENERGY HARVESTING
Thermal energy harvesting is the process of converting
thermal gradients into electrical energy through
thermoelectric generators (TEGs). TEG comes with
ceramic plate’s one side warm and other side cold, it
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generates electrical energy i.e., converting the heat flux
into electrical energy. Energy can be generated of a few
degrees, for example between a human body and the
surrounding air. These sources of energy ranges from
microwatts to kilowatts. The dynamic behavior of
temperature changes due to evident changes in the
surrounding environment between day and night,
changing weather and seasonal changes results in varying
energy generation. To ensure a stable power source to the
various applications, power management circuits are
used. Standard components i.e., ICs are available. Further
in the case of using a thermal generator to low
temperature gradients, the generated voltage is in the 10
mV that needs a very good converter design. Using those
power converters ICs power conversions rarely covers
below 1V.
A low temperature thermal energy harvesting system is
designed, which can harvest heat energy from a
temperature gradient and convert it into electrical energy.
Heat energy from a radiator and use it to power ZigBee
electronics. This system gives efficiency and long system
lifetimes are two of the main advantages of this design.
The results show that[12] a maximum of 150mW power
can be harvested voltage is as low as 0.45V.By using two
AA batteries this thermal energy harvesting system, a
ZigBee Wireless Radiator can operate for more than
eight years.
Thermoelectric generators (TEG) are uses thermal
gradients in the environment can be converted into
electric energy for powering the wireless node.
Thermoelectric generator is used to extract the energy
from environment for example monitoring the working of
the industrial engines which can exploit excess or wasted
heat when they are running. Another example is that
monitoring health of the patient in hospital, excess heat
can be generated from body of the patients [13]. Here the
WSN uses the power management. This power
management system adapts the system performance by
changing duty cycle to consume energy as much as
possible. A low power complexity power management
reads the voltage of the super capacitor to consider the
duty cycle of the wireless sensor node.
The design of thermoelectric generator (TEG) using
complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor CMOS-
MEMS technology is done [14]. The design consists of p-
doped and n-doped polysilicon thermocouple arranged
electrically in series and thermally in parallel in order to
increase the temperature difference between the cold and
hot parts. The simulation result gives the temperature
difference of 10k and output voltage of 301mV and
45µW power. These values are suitable for low power
devices like wireless sensor node.
VI. WIND ENERGY HARVESTING
Wind energy is extracted from wind using mechanical
turbines. These turbines capture the wind energy with the
help of two or three propeller-like blade. These turbines
are high towers to capture stronger and less turbulent
wind. Speed of the wind decides efficiency and economy
of the wind energy application. Wind is caused due to
uneven heating of earth, irregularities of the earth’s
terrain and also from the rotation of the earth. Wind
which rotates the blade and spin a shaft of the turbine,
which produces the electricity through generator. Since
wind speed is higher at high altitude and also less
turbulent, so wind turbines are to be placed at higher hub
heights. The power that turbine generates is a function of
the cube of the wind speed.
The model is design to extract the wind harvesting, that
translate a weather forecast into a corresponding energy
harvesting prediction. Architecture designed here is
retrieve the weather forecast from internet and transmit
this information to the end device. In this they also
propose different power management policies two of
them exploiting the use of weather forecast to improve the
prediction accuracy for WSN and also they propose
Adaptive Response Rate Single Exponential Smoothing
(ARRSES)-based power management [15] policies for
predicting wind harvested energy in the context of
autonomous WSNs.
Pendulum-based generation system is used. Planar device
uses the rotation to produce energy for generator. Planar
generator extract the kinetic energy which will obtain due
to the oscillation of the body motion and also portable
biomedical device can extract energy from every day
walking to extend life of the battery. The main purpose of
this to study is how much energy is generated using
pendulum-based generator due to body motion. The
produced energy is also depending on location. This uses
mainly in bio-medical applications. Theoretical work
gives 20X [16] the energy which is available for
pendulum-based generators on the elbow while walking
and up to 10X at the hip. This is useful for health
monitoring applications for biomedical devices.
A wave roller energy harvesting system has been
designed and manufactured [17]. This system harvest that
the sea wave energy to produce electricity. Wave roller
system is a wave energy converter. The simulation result
helped in study of undersea conditions. In this they have
suggested that the further work can be carried out for
hybrid (wind and wave) system is design that generates
electricity from both wind and waves. Wind turbines are
used to produce electricity from wind in deep sea.
VII. CONCLUSIONS
Internets of things are deployed with billions of devices.
To avoid the replacement of batteries and its cost, the
WSNs require energy harvesting. The Energy harvesting
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allows on-site charging of rechargeable batteries, which
can be cycled hundreds of times before their performance
degrades. With proper hardware and energy management,
lifetime of the battery can be extended almost
indefinitely. The Energy harvesting harvests or scavenges
energy from a various ambient energy sources and
converts into electrical energy to recharge the batteries of
IoT devices. Solar energy scavenging system consists of
an energy source as photovoltaic cell exposed to either
direct sunlight or even indoor lighting. These photovoltaic
cells are capable of generating very good power. These
energies are collected in a good manner using energy
harvesting circuits. Since the sun is the richest renewable
energy source in the world and the solar energy which
earth receives in an hour is greater than the energy
consumed in a year. Therefore the solar energy harvesting
is the best one to be chosen for IoT device.
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