A report prepared as the partial fulfillment of Senior Executive Development Program organised by Nepal Administrative Staff College for Class I officers of Government of Nepal

1. Welcome
Namaste

2. A study on
Rural Road Development & Maintenance
Management in Nepal
• Bhim P. Upadhyaya, DDG, DoLIDAR/MLD
• Devendra Karki, SE, DoR/MoPPW
• Mukunda Raj Prakash Ghimire, JS, MoST
• Prem Kumar Shahi, DIG, APF
• Rudra P Paudel, JS, MoHA
• Shreedhar Sapkota, Joint Government Attorney,
Office of Attorney General

3. Content of Presentation
1. Preliminaries & Objectives of the Study
2. Introduction & Methodology
3. Organizations Visit and Policy Documents’ Study,
Status and Review
4. Field Visits, Data Collection and Analysis
5. Strategic Issues Identification & Environmental
Scanning
6. Strategic Recommendations & Implementation
Plan: Policy, Organization and Human Resources
7. Conclusions
8. Appendices

4. Preliminaries
Introduction, Methodology &
Objectives of the Study
Shreedhar Sapkota

5. Objective of the study
Study on policy implementation towards
rural road development and maintenance.
status of the
the network
How is this rural road
maintained
managed? maintenance
& Improved
system

6. Study Methodology & process
Methodology Process
Primary and Secondary Review of the Policy
Data Collection Documents on Rural
Visit to the relevant Road
Organizations: NPC,
RoD, DoLIDAR, DTOs-
Analysis of data, maps,
Ilam, Jhapa, Lalitpur SWOT analysis etc.
Interaction with the Strategic Issues
Officials Identified,
Presentation from Report Writing
officials

7. Limitation of the study
Time and location,
Limitation on review of different
infrastructure policies
Highly focused on Local
Infrastructure Policy 2061
not consider other rural roads:
RoD, irrigation, VDC, others

8. Organizations Visit and Policy
Documents’ Study, Status and Review
Rudra Prasad
Poudel

9. Policy Documents Reviewed
1. Nepal Road Statistics 2010 (DoR)
2. Local Infrastructure Development Policy (LIDP)
3. Strategic Action Plan for Local Infra. Dev.
4. National Rural Road Maintenance Plan DoLIDAR
5. Rural Road Maintenance Directive, DoLIDAR
6. 20 Year Agricultural Perspective Plan
7. Rural Road Vision 2025 India
8. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana India- A
Briefing Paper
9. Rural Road Maintenance ILO report 2007
10. Yearly District Development Plans of DDCs

10. Rural Road Development
Agencies
1. DoR
2. DoLIDAR
3. DDCs(DTOs)
4. Department of Irrigation for Canal Roads
5. National Planning Commission
6. Ministry of Local Development
7. Bi- & Multinational Donor/Lending Agencies

11. Stakeholder Organizations
Visited
1. National Planning Commission( NPC)
2. Department of Roads (DoR)
3. Dept of Local Infrastructure Development
and Agricultural Roads(DoLIDAR)
4. District Technical Office, Lalitpur( DTOL)
5. District Technical Office, Ilam( DTOI)
6. District Technical Office, Ilam( DTOJ)

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15. Field Visits, Data Collection,
Analysis & Findings
Bhim Upadhyaya

16. Exponential Budget increase. The 70 % of total budget is for Local
Infrastructure, and 70 % of this for Rural Roads

17. Local Dev Investment
Year Between Expenditure Rs Crore
038/39- 039/40 61
040/41- 044/45 170
045/46-049/50 230
050/51- 054/55 1417
055/56- 059/60 2116
060/61- 063/64 3040
064/65-066/67 7300
067/068 budget* 4100
Total 1, 87,40 17

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DoLIDAR STRUCTURE
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DIRECTOR GENERAL
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Rural/Agri Roads Division General Admin Section
DDG
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Senior Admin Officer
Section Officer 1
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Account Officer 1
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Planning,Monotoring & Donor
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22. Road Accessibility

23. Accessibility Status 1,2,3,4 hrs
1 hr
2 hr
3 hr
4 hr

24. Lalitpur Road Access
Total Rural Road 560 km;
Popn 3.4 Lakh; 385 Sqkm

25. Ilam Road Access
Total Rural Road 1270 km;
Popn 3 Lakh; Area 1703 Sqkm

26. Jhapa Road Access
Total Rural Road 1470 km;
Popn 6.4 Lakh; Area 1606 Sqkm

27. Roads and Poverty

28. Strategic Issues Identification
& Environmental Scanning
Mukunda Raj Prakash Ghimire

29. Environmental Scanning
Strength Weakness
•Adequate Laws and •Contradictory and mutually nullifying policies
Policies •Inadequate budget allocation for ever
increasing projects
•Budget allocation • Untargeted development of network funded
increasing exponentially by local resources
• Multiple technical •Un-integrated development of road
organizations •Inadequate capacity of Local body
•Local bodies •Non-compliance of DTMP
•Political highhandedness in selection of road
•Political participation alignment
•Competent Human •Understaffing of technical officials
resources • Lack of competence building contractors,
•Regular enrichment of •Donor driven policies
human resources •Lack of career development opportunity
•Beginning of ICT use • Lack of ICT manpower for effective e-
•Sector-wide development government
Approach begun •Lack of Emphasis in Maintenance of road .

30. Environmental Scanning
Opportunity Threat
•Insecure feeling in the staff
•Rural Road at the •Lack of policy in attracting competent
top priorities in the professional to work at the remote
areas
peoples need. •Environment degradation due to
•Donors’ priorities haphazard development of rural roads
and attraction in the •Political interference in budget
allocation to the local roads
rural infrastructure •Lack of emphasis in maintaining rural
sectors roads from the local politicians
•Active participation •Lack of ownership feeling in rural
roads
and contribution of •Quasi contractor-ship in the name of
local community users committee
•Competing multiple organizations

31. Strategic Issues Identified
1. How to Optimally Develop Rural Road
Network?
2. How to ensure proper rural roads maintenance
Management ?
3. How to ensure providing transport service
Delivery on the Roads?
4. How to Appropriately re-organize
Organizational System for effective management
of Roads?
5. How to Reinforce the organizations with
adequate and competent Human Resources?

32. Rural Road Density
Area sq VDC Rural Road Populatio Rural Rural APP
km No. + length km n million Road Road target
Muni density density km
cipali per 1 km per per
ty Lakh 100 100 sq
sqkm km
Nepal 147,181 3915 40,000(+100 280 34.0 27 11
00=50,000 lakh
SRN)
Lalitpur 385 41+1 560 3.4 lakh 113.2 145.5 23
Ilam 1703 48+1 1270 3 lakh 423.3 74.5 11
Jhapa 1606 47+3 1490 6.9 216.0 92.8 23
lakh

33. Road Network Development
Indicators
1. Road per 100 sq.km Land Area (APP)
Terai 23 from 13km; Hill 11 from 6km; Mountain 4 from 1km)
2. Road Indicator- Road per 10 Lakh population(
Accessibility quality)
Higher the Road density, higher the affluence
3. Road Head Access by walking time( LID Policy)
2 hr for Terai; 4 hrs for Hill & Mountain
4. Road Access to Cluster of human settlement( India’s
policy)
Paved Road for population threshold- all weather
for all settlement cluster >500 population
5. Economy: Road cost per capita ( World Banks feasibility
for rural road in Nepal, RAIDP)
< $100 per capita cost is feasible for IRR.

34. Strategic Recommendations &
Implementation Plan
Devendra Karki

35. Strategic How to address? Responsi Time
Issues bility Frame
•Review of LID Policy GoN, MLD, 3 months
DoLIDAR
1. Optimization of rural road
•Formulation of separate Rural Road MLD, 1 year
DoLIDAR
Policy on sector-wide approach
•New DTMP focusing cluster DDCs, DTOs 6 months
approach >1500 -1000-500
population criteria and all weather
access
•New Dedicated Rural Road Office in all MLD,DDC 6 months
districts
• Separate Road building and Maintenance MLD,DDC 6 months
network
Sections under the new office
•Separate Bridge Directorate under DoLIDAR GoN, MLD 6 months
•Adequate permanent technical officials MLD, MoGA 1 year
staffing @ 1 Er, 2 sub-Er per 4 crore budget
work load in all districts

36. Strategic How to address? Respon Time
Issues sibility Frame
•Review of LID Policy GoN, MLD, 3 months
Rural Road Maintenance for DoLIDAR
•Formulation of separate Rural Road MLD, 1 year
DoLIDAR
2. Maintenance Strategy for
Policy with emphasis on maintenance
better service Delivery
•Maintenance Plan in the New DTMP focusing DDCs, 6 months
cluster approach >1500-1000-500 population DTOs
criteria and all weather access
•Maintenance section under New MLD,DDC 6 months
Dedicated Rural Road Office
•Handing over provision of built road DDCs Within 3 mths of
setting up of
from building section to maintenance
new road offices
section regular basis
•Separate Rural Road Budget line in Red MLD, MoF From the next
fiscal year
Book of MoF under MLD
•Adequate separate staffing for regular MLD, 1 year
MoGA
maintenance management @ 1 Er ,2
SubEr for 100 km of rural roads

37. Fikkal Shriantu Rural Road, Ilam
Domukha Road, Jhapa

38. Satashi Bridge Pier Failure across Dudhe –
Birpur-Bagahachaudhari , Jhapa

39. Surunga - Saranamati –
Tagandubba-Digalbank,
Jhapa

40. Conclusion & Appendices
Prem Kumar Shahi

41. Conclusions
1. Total length of rural roads density exceeds minimum
requirement to provide access to rural Nepal wherever the
network exist.
2. Development of Road network is imbalanced between
districts, regions, ecological zones
3. More than 40,000 km of rural road network are constructed
which itself is a huge asset and investment
4. But effectiveness of rural road services due to disrepair
deterioration, need protection & maintenance
5. Huge fund required for maintenance and up-keeping of the
constructed roads and ensuring adequate fund is the main
challenge.
6. Development of new road network at the cost of
maintenance get priority over maintenance of rural roads.

42. 7. Rural road development has also negative impact on
environment through landslide, erosion, pollution etc which
need attention.
8. Adequate number of qualified, experienced technical human
resources is the basis of quality works which is lacking
9. Without quality works no roads can provide reliable,
sustainable and enduring services.
10. Opening of new roads is given highest priorities but provided
public transport services is not sufficient.
11. How to provide public transport services is the challenge.
12. Providing 2/4 hrs accessibility can not address the rural
access services, For there must be a regular public transport
facilities.
13. Providing all weather roads to the cluster of human
settlement should be made the prime policy in Nepal.
Settlement with more than 1500 -1000-500 population
should be covered in the first phase and rest in the second
phase.

43. 14. Dedicated Rural road professional /government offices should
be set up immediately to develop and manage rural road
with enforcement rights.
15. Workload versus man power availability norms should be
established with adequate monitoring and supervision logistic
facilities.
16. One Engineer +Two Sub-Engineers should be made
responsible for workload of maximum Rs 4 Crore/100 kms
17. All the district should reformulate District Transport Master
Plans in accordance with the recommendation.
18. The master plan must have the information of all the
settlement clusters. Those links which connect having more
than 1500-1000-500 populations will be put in the top
priority list.
19. Nepal Government should reformulate Rural Road
Development Policy addressing the recommendation herein

44. 20 year Agricultural Perspective Plan and Rural Road Density
Terai :13 to 23
km/100 sqkm
Hill: 6 to 11
km/100 sqkm
Mountain: 1 to
4km/100 sqkm
Nepal: 6 to
11km/100
sqkm
2054 to 2074

45. Agricultural Perspective Plan and Rural Road Length
Terai 3,400km, Hill 1950km, Mountain 850km.
Total 6,200km

49. SEDP Training Snaps

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