A proteoglycan extract from Ganoderma Lucidum protects pancreatic beta cells against STZ inducen apoptosis
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This study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum (FYGL) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Various assays were performed, including cell viability, apoptosis, ELISA, and western blot assays. The results showed that FYGL improved beta cell viability and protected against STZ-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. FYGL also improved insulin secretion by decreasing JNK activation and increasing PDX-1 levels. The discussion matches previous studies showing that oxidative stress induces beta cell damage and STZ causes beta cell apoptosis and dysfunction. The conclusions are that FYGL protects pancreatic beta cells against damage, improves insulin secretion, and could be a promising agent for
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1) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and is the most common cancer in children under 15 years old.
2) The cancer is caused by genetic abnormalities that result in uncontrolled proliferation of immature white blood cells and disruption of the normal bone marrow.
3) Treatment involves induction chemotherapy to achieve remission, consolidation therapy to destroy remaining cancer cells, and maintenance therapy for 2-5 years to prevent relapse. With adequate treatment, over 50% of patients can be cured.
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Anti-GBM disease is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies against type IV collagen in the basement membrane of the glomeruli and lungs. It commonly presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. Treatment involves plasma exchange to remove antibodies combined with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids to suppress antibody production. Prognosis depends on renal function at presentation, with most patients achieving remission if treated early before requiring dialysis. Relapse is rare but can occur if exposures like smoking continue.
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- The patient, a 22-year-old female, has been diagnosed with celiac disease based on positive IgA-tissue transglutaminase and IgA anti-endomesial antibodies test results and symptoms of unintended weight loss, GI issues, and anemia.
- Laboratory results show low hematocrit, hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin, and MCV levels, indicating anemia.
- She is prescribed a gluten-free diet with adequate calories and protein as well as additional iron sources to address nutritional deficiencies from malabsorption related to celiac disease. Her progress will be monitored through weight, symptoms, and repeat lab tests.
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- It has three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis. Treatment depends on the phase and may include tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib, interferon, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.
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1970 first investigation
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an internally controlled suicide program where cells are removed with minimal disruption of surrounding tissue. It plays important roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and defense against infection and cancer. There are two main apoptotic pathways - the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and the extrinsic death receptor pathway. Both pathways activate caspases, cysteine proteases that cleave proteins to execute the cell death program through processes like DNA fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies. Deregulation of apoptosis contributes to cancer development by allowing damaged or unnecessary cells to survive. Targeting the apoptotic pathway is a strategy for cancer treatment.
Cell death
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed form of cell death that is essential for sculpting body structures during development, removing excess or harmful cells, and serving immune system functions. Key morphological changes during apoptosis include membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic condensation, DNA fragmentation, and the cell being phagocytosed. Signaling pathways such as TNF, Fas, and TRAIL induce apoptosis through caspase activation and regulation by pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Apoptosis is important in many clinical contexts like cancer, autoimmune disease, and neurodegeneration.
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This document provides an overview of multiple myeloma, including its definition, etiology, incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and staging. Some key points:
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- Chromosomal alterations like deletions and translocations are significant for prognosis. IL-6 plays a role in driving proliferation.
- Presenting symptoms often include bone pain, renal failure, anemia, and bone lesions. Laboratory findings include M protein, increased calcium, and bone marrow plasmacytosis.
- Staging includes distinguishing between monoclonal gammopathy of un
П. Сутерс "Проявления инсулинорезистентности и гликемический контроль в интен...
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seminar on MAS
This document provides information about macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). MAS is a severe inflammatory condition caused by excessive activation of macrophages and T cells. It can occur secondary to conditions like systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The document discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, investigations and treatment of MAS. It emphasizes the importance of promptly recognizing and treating MAS as it can be life-threatening.
Ndei Beta Cell Slide Kit Insulin Secretion
The document discusses beta cell dysfunction and failure in type 2 diabetes. It begins by presenting hypothetical relationships that determine glucose tolerance categories. It then discusses how beta cell adaptation and failure leads to the progression from normal glucose tolerance to impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes. The document also examines the progressive loss of beta cell function over time as type 2 diabetes develops and worsens.
Evaluation of cytotoxic effect of phytoconstituents of tinospora (new)
This study evaluated the cytotoxic potential of Tinospora cordifolia, an antidiabetic plant, and its fractions using 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells. The aqueous extract and fractions including water, butanol and undissolved portions did not show cytotoxicity at tested concentrations. However, the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, indicating cytotoxic effects. Further studies are needed to evaluate the ethyl acetate fraction at lower doses and other fractions for anti-diabetic potential.
BMES poster 2013
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise for treating immune disorders and degenerative diseases. However, targeting MSCs to damaged tissue sites is challenging. The researchers hypothesized that engineering MSCs to express leukocyte adhesion molecules could enhance their homing ability. They coupled a recombinant form of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), which mediates leukocyte rolling, to MSCs. This non-covalently coupled the PSGL-1 to the MSC surface. MSCs modified with PSGL-1 were then able to tether and roll on endothelial cells under flow, mimicking leukocyte behavior, suggesting this approach may help target MSCs to sites of injury and inflammation.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that occurs in multicellular organisms. During apoptosis, cells undergo changes such as blebbing, shrinkage, and nuclear fragmentation. Between 50-70 billion cells die per day in the human body through apoptosis. Defects in apoptotic processes can lead to diseases such as cancer by allowing non-functional cells to continue proliferating. Apoptosis involves signaling pathways, regulation of mitochondria, caspase activation, and removal of dead cells.
Polymophism in the promoter
The document discusses several studies related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease:
1) A study finds that a polymorphism in the Fas gene promoter region is a genetic risk factor for myocardial infarction by modulating Fas expression.
2) Immunoglobulin treatment suppresses atherosclerosis in mice via its Fc portion by reducing macrophage accumulation in lesions.
3) Inhibition of NF-kB reduces inflammatory molecule expression and attenuates atherosclerosis in mice.
4) MMP-8 may represent a new collagenolytic pathway in acute plaque disruption based on its levels in carotid plaques from patients.
Dr William Barnes - The I Factor - Inflammation, Immunity, Illness
Immunity and Inflammation
Inflammation and Macrophages
Macrophage Pathology
Foam Cell, Viruses, TAMs
The Brune Theory & Nitric Oxide
Macrophages in Disease States
Treatment Strategies
Colds and Influenza
Treatment Strategies
Year in review 2011-Nature reviews
The document summarizes several key studies from 2011 related to glomerular diseases, polycystic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and transplantation. Notable findings include identification of bovine serum albumin as a potential antigen in membranous nephropathy, discovery of soluble urokinase receptor as a circulating factor in recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and evidence that tolvaptan and metformin may be novel therapeutics for polycystic kidney disease by inhibiting vasopressin and mTOR pathways respectively.
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
This document summarizes antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLS). Key points:
- APLS is an autoimmune condition characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity associated with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies.
- It is also known as Hughes syndrome. Common clinical manifestations include venous thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis, recurrent miscarriages, and cardiac valve disease.
- The pathogenesis involves antiphospholipid antibodies interfering with coagulation pathways and activating endothelial cells/platelets. This leads to a prothrombotic state.
Functional analysis of proteomic biomarkers and targeting glioblastoma stem c...
Présentation de Radovan Komel réalisée durant le cours du réseau international des instituts Pasteur de "Médecine Génomique: du diagnostic à la thérapie " (17-21 octobre 2016)
Apoptosis seminar f
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, plays an important role in development, immunity, and maintenance of genomic integrity. Disruption of apoptosis can lead to diseases like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. The document discusses the key stages and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, including the roles of caspases, Bcl-2 family proteins, and death receptors. It also covers the importance of apoptosis in processes like immune system development, tissue remodeling, and response to DNA damage. Therapeutic strategies aim to either inhibit inappropriate apoptosis or induce apoptosis in conditions like cancer.
Seminario Biologia molecular - Isis Dayana Palomino Pinilla
Pellino3 is an ubiquitin E3 ligase that prevents necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, by targeting receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). The study explored the effect of knocking down Pellino3 expression on necroptosis in cells exposed to ischemia. Co-immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis showed that without Pellino3, RIPK1 ubiquitination decreased and interaction with RIPK3 increased, leading to formation of the necroptosome and cell death via necroptosis. These findings suggest that Pellino3 plays a key role in regulating necroptosis following ischemia.
Angiogenesis in health and disease
The angiogenesis process, the factors regulating it, different assays for it, a little about tumour angiogenesis, the drugs and new therapeutic approaches towards inhibiting or augmenting the process.
Similar to A proteoglycan extract from Ganoderma Lucidum protects pancreatic beta cells against STZ inducen apoptosis (20)
Autophagy: implications in neurodegeneration, fitness exercise and beyond
Autophagy: implications in neurodegeneration, fitness exercise and beyond
П. Сутерс "Проявления инсулинорезистентности и гликемический контроль в интен...
П. Сутерс "Проявления инсулинорезистентности и гликемический контроль в интен...
Evaluation of cytotoxic effect of phytoconstituents of tinospora (new)
Evaluation of cytotoxic effect of phytoconstituents of tinospora (new)
Dr William Barnes - The I Factor - Inflammation, Immunity, Illness
Dr William Barnes - The I Factor - Inflammation, Immunity, Illness
Functional analysis of proteomic biomarkers and targeting glioblastoma stem c...
Functional analysis of proteomic biomarkers and targeting glioblastoma stem c...
Seminario Biologia molecular - Isis Dayana Palomino Pinilla
Seminario Biologia molecular - Isis Dayana Palomino Pinilla
Recently uploaded
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
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The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
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spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
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mitigated, at least in part.
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Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
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Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
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Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
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Complex titration with EDTA.
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The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
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collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
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on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsRecently uploaded (20)
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Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
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Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
A proteoglycan extract from Ganoderma Lucidum protects pancreatic beta cells against STZ inducen apoptosis
- 1. Presented by: Maria Camila Vélez Osorio Valentina Vela Arbeláez Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Tercer semestre medicina
- 2. Apoptosis Apoptosis is a type of cell death that multicellular organisms use to kill damaged or unnecessary cells in a perfectly controlled way that minimizes damage to neighboring cells. The resulting cellular debris, which are always surrounded by a plasma membrane, are eliminated phagocytosis, avoiding inflammation in that area.
- 3. Ganoderma Lucidum Anti-inflamatory Antioxidant - Stimulate inmune system - Improves symptoms of diabetic patients - Promotes regeneration of liver cells Decreases insulin resistence and regulates metabolism
- 4. Objetivo general In this study, we investigated the effects of FYGL o STZ-induced apoptosis of INS-1 cells and its underlying mechanisms.
- 5. Ensayo de viabilidad celular Métodos Ensayo cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) Células INS-1: 96 pocillos a una densidad de 1 x 104 células → Se incubaron a [FYGL] - 0,50,100,200,500 y 1000 microgramos/ml por 24h STZ (0,3mmol/L) y FYGL por 24h 10microlitros Lector microplacas
- 6. Ensayo de apoptosis celular Células INS-1 → Placas de 6 pocillos [FYGL] 4h STZ (0,3mM) y [FYGL] 24h adicionales Tripsina al 0,05% PBS preenfriado Suspensión celular con anexina y PI → 15 min incubados a baja Tº Citometría de flujo
- 7. ELISA Técnica serológica en la que se identifica ya sea un antígeno o anticuerpo al utilizar un antígeno o anticuerpo que fue absorbido a una fase sólida o una superficie Enzima que interactúa con sustrato para colorear la solución Color Ag o Ac Este análisis fue usado en el estudio para determinar la insulina recolectada del sobrenadante celular
- 8. Western Blot Este análisis fue usado en el estudio para determinar los niveles de Western blot p38, p-p38, ERK, p-ERK, JNK,y p-JNK Detecta proteínas específicas con ayuda de electroforesis y reconocimiento de anticuerpos
- 9. Inducción de la apoptosis Figura 2a Resultados Cell apoptótica: Condensación de la cromatina Fluorocromos: Visualizan cromatina
- 10. Figura 6a
- 11. Figura 7a
- 12. Figura 8b FYGL podría mejorar la secreción de insulina aumentando la expresión de PDX-1 en las células INS-1 dañadas por la STZ
- 13. The discusion Author Approach Matches the study? 14,15 Shen GX. Zheng S, et al During diabetes mellitus, the preservation of β cells is very important. The growing evidences have suggested that oxidative stress can be induced by hyperglycemia and some other risk factors for diabetes 5 Gerber PA, Rutter GA Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the critical pathological events that induce β-cell damage, and impair the ability of insulin secretion 19 Saini KS, Thompson C, Winterford CM, et al STZ at low concentrations (10–20 mM) can cause β- cells apoptosis, while at high doses (30 mM), induce β cells necrosis
- 14. Conclusions ● FYGL can improve β cells viability and protect β cells against STZ-induced cell apoptosis and dysfunction. ● FYGL can improve the insulin secretion by decreasing the activation of JNK, and then increasing the level of Pdx-1. ● These findings help ones understanding the mechanisms of FYGL against pancreatic beta cell damage in diabetes, and suggest that FYGL could be used as a promising agent for management of diabetes mellitus.
- 16. María Camila Vélez Osorio