The present challenge for civil engineers is to produce high volume and high
performance fly ash concrete with increased durability and service life, at lowest
possible cost. Also concrete produced should have minimal negative impact on the
environment, which is green and sustainable concrete. This can be achieved by
reducing the use of natural lime, fine and coarse aggregates whose resources are
limited and are depleting very fast day by day. It could also be achieved by utilizing
maximum possible industrial by-product like fly ash in concrete as it would reduce
landfill area for fly ash disposal and CO2 emission during cement manufacturing
process. Effect of fly ash as replacement of cement together with fibers in concrete on
durability is very well reported in literatures. However effect of fly ash as partial
replacement of cement and sand together with fibers is not clearly available in
literatures. Literatures show that partial replacement of cement by fly ash reduces early
age strength of concrete. Partial replacement of sand by fly ash together with fiber shall
compensate strength loss due to partial replacement of cement by fly ash. Due to
government restrictions on natural sand mining from river beds, contractors are
demanding a reliable and all weather partial or full replacement material for sand.
Present study shall be a right step forward in reducing consumption of natural sand
and consuming higher volumes of fly ash available in Chhattisgarh region together with
fibers for sustainable and durable concrete.
Experimental Study on Concrete with Waste Granite Powder as an AdmixtureIJERA Editor
Granite fines which are the byproduct produced in granite factories while cutting huge granite rocks to the desired shapes. Granite fines are used as a filler material in the concrete, replacing the fine aggregate which will help in filling up the pores in the concrete. Filling up of the pores by granite fines increase the strength of the concrete and also a material which is abundantly to investigate the strength behavior of concrete with use of granite fines as an additive. Concrete is prepared with granite fines as a replacement of fine concrete in 4 different propositions namely 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% and various tests such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are investigated and these values are compared with the conventional concrete without the granite fines. It was observed that substitution of 7.5% of cement by weight with Granite fines in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength for both 7 & 28 days to 33.14 & 43.40 N/mm2 compared to 23.26 & 39.41 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 7.5% substitution with granite fines increasing the tensile strength for 7 & 28 days to 2.87 &4.19 N/mm2 compared with a 2.4 & 3.4 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 7.5% granite fine replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength for 28 days to 6.34 N/mm2compared to a 3.35 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 10% substitution with granite fines is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available granite is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Hypo Sludge...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on partially replacing cement with hypo sludge in concrete. The study tested concrete mixtures with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacement of cement with hypo sludge. Tests were conducted to analyze the workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures at curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that workability and strength decreased as the level of cement replacement increased. However, concrete strength was maintained up to a 10-15% replacement level. Using hypo sludge as a partial cement replacement improves sustainability by reducing cement usage and providing an economic use for the industrial waste.
IRJET- Use of Ruby Mica Dust as a Replacing Material in Design Mix Concrete -...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using ruby mica dust to partially replace sand in concrete mix designs. Key points:
- Ruby mica is an industrial waste material obtained from mica mining that has pozzolanic properties.
- The study investigated replacing sand in M20 and M25 concrete mixes with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ruby mica dust to evaluate workability and compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths at 14 and 28 days.
- The goal is to utilize an industrial waste to potentially reduce the cost and environmental impact of concrete production by replacing a portion of the sand.
The document discusses a study on the behavior of beams made with concrete where 10% of the coarse aggregate is replaced with waste rubber. Beams were cast with normal concrete and rubberized concrete. The rubberized concrete beams were tested and their load vs deflection behavior, initial cracking load, ultimate load, and stress-strain curves were compared to normal concrete beams. The results showed that using 10% rubber replacement led to an up to 10% reduction in ultimate load capacity but higher initial cracking loads. Thus, partially replacing coarse aggregate with waste rubber can help utilize waste while maintaining much of the strength of normal concrete.
Use of Granite Waste as Partial Substitute to Cement in ConcreteIJERA Editor
With the ever increasing cost of construction materials there is a need to curtail the same by using cheaper substitutes. In this investigation Granite Slurry (GS) was used as partial substitute in proportions varying from 5% to 20% by weight to cement in concrete and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure strength. It was observed that substitution of 10% of cement by weight with GS in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength to 48 N/mm2 compared to 35 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 10% substitution with GS increasing the tensile strength to 3.6N/mm2 compared with a 2.4 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 10% GS replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength to 4.6 N/mm2compared to a 3.2 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 20% substitution with GS is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available GS is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.
EFFECT OF SHEEP WOOL FIBER ON FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES OF FIBER REINFORC...IAEME Publication
Fiber reinforced cementitious composites are gaining attention in construction industry because of the high strength, ductility and energy absorption capacity. Concrete production is still under consideration to improve the sustainability and environmentally safety. Therefore, natural fiber reinforced concrete is the good alternative. Although sheep wools are producing a huge amount of waste, which can be utilized as building material in concrete if properly recycled. The addition of sheep wool in concrete mix was not very new, it has been used for insulation purposes. In this research the mechanical properties of sheep wool fiber reinforced concrete (SWFRC) were investigated. Total sixty cylindrical specimens and prisms were tested in this experiment to assess the fresh and hardened properties of SWFRC. The aim study was fulfilled by the results obtained from the split tensile test and flexural test. The weak tensile strength of concrete was enhanced by the addition of high tensile sheep wool and the cracks bridging effect of smooth and elastic fibers were worked to enhance the ductility and flexural capacity of concrete. Meanwhile, the compressive strength reduction due to addition of sheep wool in concrete can be minimized by proper treatment, which must need to investigate correspondingly
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
This document provides an introduction to quarry stone dust and fly ash as alternative materials to river sand in concrete production. It discusses research showing quarry stone dust and fly ash can replace up to 40% and 20% of sand respectively while maintaining or increasing strength. The document outlines the physical requirements and benefits of using fly ash, including increased workability, strength over time, and durability. It notes fly ash reduces permeability, corrosion of steel reinforcement, efflorescence, shrinkage, and heat of hydration while increasing resistance to sulfate attack, freezing and thawing, and alkali-silica reaction.
Experimental Study on Concrete with Waste Granite Powder as an AdmixtureIJERA Editor
Granite fines which are the byproduct produced in granite factories while cutting huge granite rocks to the desired shapes. Granite fines are used as a filler material in the concrete, replacing the fine aggregate which will help in filling up the pores in the concrete. Filling up of the pores by granite fines increase the strength of the concrete and also a material which is abundantly to investigate the strength behavior of concrete with use of granite fines as an additive. Concrete is prepared with granite fines as a replacement of fine concrete in 4 different propositions namely 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% and various tests such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are investigated and these values are compared with the conventional concrete without the granite fines. It was observed that substitution of 7.5% of cement by weight with Granite fines in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength for both 7 & 28 days to 33.14 & 43.40 N/mm2 compared to 23.26 & 39.41 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 7.5% substitution with granite fines increasing the tensile strength for 7 & 28 days to 2.87 &4.19 N/mm2 compared with a 2.4 & 3.4 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 7.5% granite fine replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength for 28 days to 6.34 N/mm2compared to a 3.35 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 10% substitution with granite fines is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available granite is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Hypo Sludge...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on partially replacing cement with hypo sludge in concrete. The study tested concrete mixtures with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacement of cement with hypo sludge. Tests were conducted to analyze the workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures at curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that workability and strength decreased as the level of cement replacement increased. However, concrete strength was maintained up to a 10-15% replacement level. Using hypo sludge as a partial cement replacement improves sustainability by reducing cement usage and providing an economic use for the industrial waste.
IRJET- Use of Ruby Mica Dust as a Replacing Material in Design Mix Concrete -...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using ruby mica dust to partially replace sand in concrete mix designs. Key points:
- Ruby mica is an industrial waste material obtained from mica mining that has pozzolanic properties.
- The study investigated replacing sand in M20 and M25 concrete mixes with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ruby mica dust to evaluate workability and compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths at 14 and 28 days.
- The goal is to utilize an industrial waste to potentially reduce the cost and environmental impact of concrete production by replacing a portion of the sand.
The document discusses a study on the behavior of beams made with concrete where 10% of the coarse aggregate is replaced with waste rubber. Beams were cast with normal concrete and rubberized concrete. The rubberized concrete beams were tested and their load vs deflection behavior, initial cracking load, ultimate load, and stress-strain curves were compared to normal concrete beams. The results showed that using 10% rubber replacement led to an up to 10% reduction in ultimate load capacity but higher initial cracking loads. Thus, partially replacing coarse aggregate with waste rubber can help utilize waste while maintaining much of the strength of normal concrete.
Use of Granite Waste as Partial Substitute to Cement in ConcreteIJERA Editor
With the ever increasing cost of construction materials there is a need to curtail the same by using cheaper substitutes. In this investigation Granite Slurry (GS) was used as partial substitute in proportions varying from 5% to 20% by weight to cement in concrete and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure strength. It was observed that substitution of 10% of cement by weight with GS in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength to 48 N/mm2 compared to 35 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 10% substitution with GS increasing the tensile strength to 3.6N/mm2 compared with a 2.4 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 10% GS replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength to 4.6 N/mm2compared to a 3.2 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 20% substitution with GS is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available GS is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.
EFFECT OF SHEEP WOOL FIBER ON FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES OF FIBER REINFORC...IAEME Publication
Fiber reinforced cementitious composites are gaining attention in construction industry because of the high strength, ductility and energy absorption capacity. Concrete production is still under consideration to improve the sustainability and environmentally safety. Therefore, natural fiber reinforced concrete is the good alternative. Although sheep wools are producing a huge amount of waste, which can be utilized as building material in concrete if properly recycled. The addition of sheep wool in concrete mix was not very new, it has been used for insulation purposes. In this research the mechanical properties of sheep wool fiber reinforced concrete (SWFRC) were investigated. Total sixty cylindrical specimens and prisms were tested in this experiment to assess the fresh and hardened properties of SWFRC. The aim study was fulfilled by the results obtained from the split tensile test and flexural test. The weak tensile strength of concrete was enhanced by the addition of high tensile sheep wool and the cracks bridging effect of smooth and elastic fibers were worked to enhance the ductility and flexural capacity of concrete. Meanwhile, the compressive strength reduction due to addition of sheep wool in concrete can be minimized by proper treatment, which must need to investigate correspondingly
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
This document provides an introduction to quarry stone dust and fly ash as alternative materials to river sand in concrete production. It discusses research showing quarry stone dust and fly ash can replace up to 40% and 20% of sand respectively while maintaining or increasing strength. The document outlines the physical requirements and benefits of using fly ash, including increased workability, strength over time, and durability. It notes fly ash reduces permeability, corrosion of steel reinforcement, efflorescence, shrinkage, and heat of hydration while increasing resistance to sulfate attack, freezing and thawing, and alkali-silica reaction.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF COIR FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Conventional concrete is robust in compression and weak in tension in order to swamp the weakness natural fibre is being equipped. The adoption of inherent fibres as edifice constituents is boon to procure a livable production. The comprehensive mission of this exploration is to stake out the discernible inspection of natural fibre in concrete structure. The coir fibre freshly tempted an influence as a workable fibre composite material, due to certain precise mechanical property which can be compared to artificial fibre. The coir fibre is treated using natural fluid before using in concrete, so that it is not be affected by moisture content presented in concrete. In this tentative study coir fibre is extant consumed in concrete thereby, the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split-tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of M30Grade concrete and by capricious the spoonful of fibre gratified from0%, 2% 4%,6% and 8%. Stimulation should be given for the appliance of natural fibres which are regionally procurable materials, in the domain of civil engineering.
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Sand with Sawdust in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents research on partially replacing sand with sawdust in concrete mixtures. Sawdust was used to replace sand at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast and tested for compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength generally decreased as the sawdust replacement ratio increased. However, satisfactory strength results were obtained at a 5% sawdust replacement ratio for compressive and split tensile strength tests, and at a 10% replacement ratio for flexural strength tests. Using sawdust in concrete provides benefits like lighter weight
Partial Use of stone dust in concrete as an alternative of sandRohan chansoriya
Partial Use of stone dust in concrete as an alternative of sand
Stone dust can serve as a partial substitute for sand in concrete. Using stone dust from 10-50% as a replacement for sand can increase the compressive strength of concrete cubes by 8-27% at 7 and 28 days. However, workability decreases with higher replacement levels, requiring a higher dosage of superplasticizer. This increases the cost of the concrete by 5-8%. Stone dust meets Indian standards for use as a fine aggregate in concrete and can help conserve natural resources while providing an economic use of waste stone dust from crushing zones. Further testing is needed to determine the optimal replacement level and quality control measures for site use.
IRJET - An Experimantal Study on Behaviour of Hollow Fly Ash Concrete Blocks ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of hollow fly ash concrete blocks as a replacement for conventional bricks. Various mix designs were tested to improve the mechanical properties of the blocks. The compressive strength, water absorption, modulus of rupture, and dry density of newly manufactured hollow fly ash concrete blocks were compared to traditionally made blocks. Results showed that the proposed mix ratios significantly increased the compressive strength and decreased the water absorption of the hollow fly ash concrete blocks compared to the original mixes. Sixteen blocks were tested based on four mix designs with varying fly ash content. The mix with 20% fly ash content performed best in terms of compressive strength and other properties.
Influence of GGBS on Mechanical Properties of Low Traffic Concrete Paver BlocksAbdulRazakBH
Abstract: Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are the integral part of modern concrete with significant enhancement
in concrete performance. Low cost of production, low heat of hydration along with improved mechanical properties encourage
the replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with SCMs to a greater extent. The study focusses on influence of Ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as SCM in production of concrete paver blocks. Compressive strength, split tensile
strength, and flexural strength are the properties under consideration. Improved compressive strength and flexural strength was
observed in blended concrete with 20% and 40% GGBS replacement levels.
Keywords: GGBS, M-Sand, Paver Blocks, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF THE CONCRETE FOR REPLACEMENT OF SAND B...IAEME Publication
The demand of natural sand in the construction industry has consequently increased resulting in the reduction of sources and an increase in price. In such a situation stone dust can be an economical alternative to the river sand. The effect of water cement ratio on fresh and hardened properties of concrete with fully replacement of natural sand by stone dust was investigated. Concrete mix design of M40 grade was done according to Indian standard code (IS: 10262).The main
objective of the present investigation is two cements are selected Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) & Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) - 43 grade to evaluate the possibilities of using stone dust as a replacement by fine aggregate along with super plasticizers at a dosage of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% & 2.0% by weight of cement
The Effect of Local Brewery Waste and Bitter Cassava Flour on Compressive Str...inventionjournals
Cement is a major construction material worldwide. However, given the escalating costs of cement and the environmental hazards associated with the use of cement there is need to develop alternative, costeffective, non-conventional, locally available materials, especially those that can partially or wholly replace cement. This paper presents the results on the study of the effect of local brewery waste and bitter cassava flour on the compressive strength and shrinkage of plaster. The test was made with cement replaced by local brewery waste or bitter cassava (10-50%) and cement/sand mix as a control. The results showed an optimum of 20% cement replacement with bitter cassava for plaster mortar for high cost houses (18.1Mpa) and 10% cement replacement with local brewery waste for plaster mortar for low cost houses (2.1Mpa). Result show a maximum shrinkage of 8mm at 50% replacement with bitter cassava and zero shrinkage for 50% replacement with local brewery waste. Furthermore only the control, 40% and 50% with bitter cassava flour showed cracks of about 2mm for mix ratio 1:3 and 1:4.
IRJET- A Laboratory Investigation on Type III Micro-Surfacing with differ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a laboratory investigation on Type III micro-surfacing using different mineral fillers. The investigation tested micro-surfacing mixes containing stone dust, fly ash, and ordinary Portland cement as fillers. Tests were performed to determine setting times, consistency, optimum residual bitumen content, and abrasion resistance. The results found that mixes containing fly ash performed better than those with stone dust or cement, showing better setting times and abrasion resistance. Micro-surfacing is a cost-effective pavement preservation technique that can extend the life of roads and reduce environmental impacts compared to hot mix asphalt. It involves applying a mixture of aggregates, polymer-modified emulsion, and mineral fillers to the road surface.
IRJET-Study on Hypo Sludge as Partially Replaced Cement in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document studies the use of hypo sludge as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Hypo sludge is a waste product from paper mills. The study prepared concrete specimens with 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% hypo sludge replacement of cement by weight. The compressive strength of 150x150x150mm concrete cubes was tested at 28 days. The results showed that up to a 12.5% replacement of cement with hypo sludge, the compressive strength of the concrete remained adequate for construction use. Using hypo sludge as a partial cement replacement in concrete has benefits in reducing waste and costs.
IRJET- Study on Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the properties of concrete with partial replacement of cement with wood ash. Wood ash is a byproduct of burning wood and contains pozzolanic materials like calcium oxide. The study investigated replacing cement at levels of 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% with wood ash. Tests were performed to characterize the wood ash chemically and determine the workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures. The results showed that workability decreased with higher wood ash content but the mechanical properties increased up to 5% replacement, indicating wood ash can be used to partially replace cement in concrete production.
Experimental Study on use of Crushed Rock Powder as Partial Replacement for F...IJMTST Journal
Concrete is commonly used building material, and it is extensively used, hence this project is aimed to
reduce the use of natural sand by using crushed rock powder(CRP) as a replacement for fine aggregate in
concrete .Thereby reducing the exhaustion on natural sand. The project involves the process in which fine
aggregate in concrete is replaced by CRP at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% replacement. Grade of concrete M25 is
selected for the project. The project includes determination of compressive strength and split tensile strength
at the ages of 7 days and 28 days. The strength properties of concrete with CRP replacement are compared
with that of Normal Concrete (NC) which does not contain CRP.
Studies on quarry dust as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concreteIJLT EMAS
Natural sand is most commonly used fine aggregates
in the production of concrete possess the problem of acute
shortage in many areas. Quarry dust can be used as an economic
alternative to the natural sand. In this investigation an attempt is
made to utilize quarry dust as a partial substitute for natural
sand in producing concrete. Natural sand is replaced by Quarry
dust at an interval of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Mix
proportions for M20 concrete is prepared with reference to IS:
10262-2009 and IS: 456-2000 for the study of workability.
Compressive strength and Flexural strength test results are
compared with the conventional concrete. The strengths were
obtained at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. Compressive and
Flexural strength increased marginally from 5% to 15%
replacement. There is a slight decrease in the corresponding
compressive and flexural strength at 20% replacement. Good
correlation was observed between compressive strength and
flexural strength. It was observed that the addition of quarry
dust that would replace the fine material at particular
proportion has displayed an enhancing effect on properties of
concrete. This investigation proves that quarry dust can be used
as a partial substitute for natural sand in preparing concrete.
Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Crumb Rubber in High Streng...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the mechanical behavior of crumb rubber in high strength concrete. Several laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of partially replacing fine aggregates in concrete with discarded tire rubber (crumb rubber) ranging from 0-25% on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete. The properties tested included compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the strengths generally decreased with increasing rubber content, with up to a 68% reduction in compressive strength and 49% reduction in split tensile strength observed. However, concretes with 5% crumb rubber replacement showed only minor strength reductions of around 5-10% compared to normal concrete.
Foam concrete has become most trending material in construction industry. People from construction field were come
out with the mix design of foam concrete to meet the specifications and the requirement needs. This is because foam concrete
has the possibility as alternative of lightweight concrete for producing intermediate strength capabilities with excellent thermal
insulation, freeze-thaw resistance, high impact resistance and good shock absorption. Fibres are generally used in concrete to
reduce the crackings due to plastic and drying shrinkages. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce
bleeding of water. The inclusion of fibre reinforcement in concrete can enhance many more engineering properties of the basic
materials, Such as fracture toughness, flexural toughness, flexural strength and resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock and
spalling. From the practical observations on addition of 2% of fibre gives the effective distribution of fibre in the concrete. The
strain value of the concrete is decreases with increase in fibre content.
Strength variation of opc saw dust ash composites with percentage saw dust ashAlexander Decker
This study investigated the effect of varying percentages of saw dust ash (SDA) replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on the compressive strengths of concrete, sandcrete, and soilcrete composites over time. The key findings were:
1) Compressive strengths at early ages (3-21 days) were lower than the control but increased and became comparable or higher than the control at later ages (50-90 days) due to the pozzolanic reaction of the SDA.
2) For concrete, 5-25% SDA replacement achieved 90% or more of the control strength and was suitable for reinforced concrete, while 25-40% and 45-50% were suitable for
IRJET- Behaviourial Study of the Concrete on Partial Replacement of Cement by...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the behavioral effects of partially replacing cement with fly ash in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of burning coal that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study investigated replacing cement at levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight with fly ash in M20 grade concrete mixes. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with higher levels of fly ash replacement but was maintained at replacement levels up to 20-30%. Overall, the study aimed to determine the optimum level of fly ash replacement in concrete mixtures to reduce cement usage while maintaining adequate strength.
REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH FLY ASH AND STEEL FIBER IN RIGID PAVEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the behavior of concrete with a mix design of M20 grade that partially replaced cement with 10-30% fly ash and included the addition of 0.5-1.5% steel fiber. Tests were performed to determine the effect on compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. The highest strengths were achieved with 10% fly ash replacement and 1.5% steel fiber addition. Replacing more than 10% cement with fly ash resulted in lower strengths. The addition of steel fiber and fly ash improved strengths due to pozzolanic reactions and fiber bonding within the concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly A...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally investigates the effect of partially replacing cement with fly ash and rice husk ash in concrete at different proportions.
2) Testing showed that compressive strength increased by 30.15% compared to the target strength when using a combination of 22.5% fly ash and 7.5% rice husk ash.
3) Partial replacement of fly ash and rice husk ash reduces environmental impacts, produces more economical and eco-friendly concrete.
IRJET- Utilization of Rice Husk Ash and Foundry Sand as Partial Replacement M...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing rice husk ash and foundry sand as partial replacements in fiber reinforced concrete. It first provides background on fiber reinforced concrete and how fibers improve tensile strength and crack resistance. It then discusses the large worldwide usage of sand in concrete and need to replace it due to supply constraints, as well as the environmental impacts of cement production. Rice husk ash and foundry sand are identified as potential replacement materials. The literature review summarizes previous research showing rice husk ash and foundry sand can improve concrete strength and foundry sand is a viable sand replacement of up to 40-60%. The materials testing confirmed the replacements meet quality and strength requirements.
IMPROVEMENT IN PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE USING FIBERIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on improving the properties of porous concrete using fibers. It first provides background on porous concrete and its benefits over traditional concrete. It then outlines the methodology for an experimental study investigating the addition of plastic fibers to porous concrete. The study will measure the composite strength, permeability, and tensile strength of samples. A literature review discusses prior research showing fibers can increase the strength of porous concrete so it can be used for higher loads. The study aims to strengthen porous concrete for more applications.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF COIR FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Conventional concrete is robust in compression and weak in tension in order to swamp the weakness natural fibre is being equipped. The adoption of inherent fibres as edifice constituents is boon to procure a livable production. The comprehensive mission of this exploration is to stake out the discernible inspection of natural fibre in concrete structure. The coir fibre freshly tempted an influence as a workable fibre composite material, due to certain precise mechanical property which can be compared to artificial fibre. The coir fibre is treated using natural fluid before using in concrete, so that it is not be affected by moisture content presented in concrete. In this tentative study coir fibre is extant consumed in concrete thereby, the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split-tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of M30Grade concrete and by capricious the spoonful of fibre gratified from0%, 2% 4%,6% and 8%. Stimulation should be given for the appliance of natural fibres which are regionally procurable materials, in the domain of civil engineering.
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Sand with Sawdust in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents research on partially replacing sand with sawdust in concrete mixtures. Sawdust was used to replace sand at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast and tested for compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength generally decreased as the sawdust replacement ratio increased. However, satisfactory strength results were obtained at a 5% sawdust replacement ratio for compressive and split tensile strength tests, and at a 10% replacement ratio for flexural strength tests. Using sawdust in concrete provides benefits like lighter weight
Partial Use of stone dust in concrete as an alternative of sandRohan chansoriya
Partial Use of stone dust in concrete as an alternative of sand
Stone dust can serve as a partial substitute for sand in concrete. Using stone dust from 10-50% as a replacement for sand can increase the compressive strength of concrete cubes by 8-27% at 7 and 28 days. However, workability decreases with higher replacement levels, requiring a higher dosage of superplasticizer. This increases the cost of the concrete by 5-8%. Stone dust meets Indian standards for use as a fine aggregate in concrete and can help conserve natural resources while providing an economic use of waste stone dust from crushing zones. Further testing is needed to determine the optimal replacement level and quality control measures for site use.
IRJET - An Experimantal Study on Behaviour of Hollow Fly Ash Concrete Blocks ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of hollow fly ash concrete blocks as a replacement for conventional bricks. Various mix designs were tested to improve the mechanical properties of the blocks. The compressive strength, water absorption, modulus of rupture, and dry density of newly manufactured hollow fly ash concrete blocks were compared to traditionally made blocks. Results showed that the proposed mix ratios significantly increased the compressive strength and decreased the water absorption of the hollow fly ash concrete blocks compared to the original mixes. Sixteen blocks were tested based on four mix designs with varying fly ash content. The mix with 20% fly ash content performed best in terms of compressive strength and other properties.
Influence of GGBS on Mechanical Properties of Low Traffic Concrete Paver BlocksAbdulRazakBH
Abstract: Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are the integral part of modern concrete with significant enhancement
in concrete performance. Low cost of production, low heat of hydration along with improved mechanical properties encourage
the replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with SCMs to a greater extent. The study focusses on influence of Ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as SCM in production of concrete paver blocks. Compressive strength, split tensile
strength, and flexural strength are the properties under consideration. Improved compressive strength and flexural strength was
observed in blended concrete with 20% and 40% GGBS replacement levels.
Keywords: GGBS, M-Sand, Paver Blocks, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF THE CONCRETE FOR REPLACEMENT OF SAND B...IAEME Publication
The demand of natural sand in the construction industry has consequently increased resulting in the reduction of sources and an increase in price. In such a situation stone dust can be an economical alternative to the river sand. The effect of water cement ratio on fresh and hardened properties of concrete with fully replacement of natural sand by stone dust was investigated. Concrete mix design of M40 grade was done according to Indian standard code (IS: 10262).The main
objective of the present investigation is two cements are selected Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) & Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) - 43 grade to evaluate the possibilities of using stone dust as a replacement by fine aggregate along with super plasticizers at a dosage of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% & 2.0% by weight of cement
The Effect of Local Brewery Waste and Bitter Cassava Flour on Compressive Str...inventionjournals
Cement is a major construction material worldwide. However, given the escalating costs of cement and the environmental hazards associated with the use of cement there is need to develop alternative, costeffective, non-conventional, locally available materials, especially those that can partially or wholly replace cement. This paper presents the results on the study of the effect of local brewery waste and bitter cassava flour on the compressive strength and shrinkage of plaster. The test was made with cement replaced by local brewery waste or bitter cassava (10-50%) and cement/sand mix as a control. The results showed an optimum of 20% cement replacement with bitter cassava for plaster mortar for high cost houses (18.1Mpa) and 10% cement replacement with local brewery waste for plaster mortar for low cost houses (2.1Mpa). Result show a maximum shrinkage of 8mm at 50% replacement with bitter cassava and zero shrinkage for 50% replacement with local brewery waste. Furthermore only the control, 40% and 50% with bitter cassava flour showed cracks of about 2mm for mix ratio 1:3 and 1:4.
IRJET- A Laboratory Investigation on Type III Micro-Surfacing with differ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a laboratory investigation on Type III micro-surfacing using different mineral fillers. The investigation tested micro-surfacing mixes containing stone dust, fly ash, and ordinary Portland cement as fillers. Tests were performed to determine setting times, consistency, optimum residual bitumen content, and abrasion resistance. The results found that mixes containing fly ash performed better than those with stone dust or cement, showing better setting times and abrasion resistance. Micro-surfacing is a cost-effective pavement preservation technique that can extend the life of roads and reduce environmental impacts compared to hot mix asphalt. It involves applying a mixture of aggregates, polymer-modified emulsion, and mineral fillers to the road surface.
IRJET-Study on Hypo Sludge as Partially Replaced Cement in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document studies the use of hypo sludge as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Hypo sludge is a waste product from paper mills. The study prepared concrete specimens with 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% hypo sludge replacement of cement by weight. The compressive strength of 150x150x150mm concrete cubes was tested at 28 days. The results showed that up to a 12.5% replacement of cement with hypo sludge, the compressive strength of the concrete remained adequate for construction use. Using hypo sludge as a partial cement replacement in concrete has benefits in reducing waste and costs.
IRJET- Study on Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the properties of concrete with partial replacement of cement with wood ash. Wood ash is a byproduct of burning wood and contains pozzolanic materials like calcium oxide. The study investigated replacing cement at levels of 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% with wood ash. Tests were performed to characterize the wood ash chemically and determine the workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures. The results showed that workability decreased with higher wood ash content but the mechanical properties increased up to 5% replacement, indicating wood ash can be used to partially replace cement in concrete production.
Experimental Study on use of Crushed Rock Powder as Partial Replacement for F...IJMTST Journal
Concrete is commonly used building material, and it is extensively used, hence this project is aimed to
reduce the use of natural sand by using crushed rock powder(CRP) as a replacement for fine aggregate in
concrete .Thereby reducing the exhaustion on natural sand. The project involves the process in which fine
aggregate in concrete is replaced by CRP at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% replacement. Grade of concrete M25 is
selected for the project. The project includes determination of compressive strength and split tensile strength
at the ages of 7 days and 28 days. The strength properties of concrete with CRP replacement are compared
with that of Normal Concrete (NC) which does not contain CRP.
Studies on quarry dust as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concreteIJLT EMAS
Natural sand is most commonly used fine aggregates
in the production of concrete possess the problem of acute
shortage in many areas. Quarry dust can be used as an economic
alternative to the natural sand. In this investigation an attempt is
made to utilize quarry dust as a partial substitute for natural
sand in producing concrete. Natural sand is replaced by Quarry
dust at an interval of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Mix
proportions for M20 concrete is prepared with reference to IS:
10262-2009 and IS: 456-2000 for the study of workability.
Compressive strength and Flexural strength test results are
compared with the conventional concrete. The strengths were
obtained at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. Compressive and
Flexural strength increased marginally from 5% to 15%
replacement. There is a slight decrease in the corresponding
compressive and flexural strength at 20% replacement. Good
correlation was observed between compressive strength and
flexural strength. It was observed that the addition of quarry
dust that would replace the fine material at particular
proportion has displayed an enhancing effect on properties of
concrete. This investigation proves that quarry dust can be used
as a partial substitute for natural sand in preparing concrete.
Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Crumb Rubber in High Streng...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the mechanical behavior of crumb rubber in high strength concrete. Several laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of partially replacing fine aggregates in concrete with discarded tire rubber (crumb rubber) ranging from 0-25% on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete. The properties tested included compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the strengths generally decreased with increasing rubber content, with up to a 68% reduction in compressive strength and 49% reduction in split tensile strength observed. However, concretes with 5% crumb rubber replacement showed only minor strength reductions of around 5-10% compared to normal concrete.
Foam concrete has become most trending material in construction industry. People from construction field were come
out with the mix design of foam concrete to meet the specifications and the requirement needs. This is because foam concrete
has the possibility as alternative of lightweight concrete for producing intermediate strength capabilities with excellent thermal
insulation, freeze-thaw resistance, high impact resistance and good shock absorption. Fibres are generally used in concrete to
reduce the crackings due to plastic and drying shrinkages. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce
bleeding of water. The inclusion of fibre reinforcement in concrete can enhance many more engineering properties of the basic
materials, Such as fracture toughness, flexural toughness, flexural strength and resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock and
spalling. From the practical observations on addition of 2% of fibre gives the effective distribution of fibre in the concrete. The
strain value of the concrete is decreases with increase in fibre content.
Strength variation of opc saw dust ash composites with percentage saw dust ashAlexander Decker
This study investigated the effect of varying percentages of saw dust ash (SDA) replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on the compressive strengths of concrete, sandcrete, and soilcrete composites over time. The key findings were:
1) Compressive strengths at early ages (3-21 days) were lower than the control but increased and became comparable or higher than the control at later ages (50-90 days) due to the pozzolanic reaction of the SDA.
2) For concrete, 5-25% SDA replacement achieved 90% or more of the control strength and was suitable for reinforced concrete, while 25-40% and 45-50% were suitable for
IRJET- Behaviourial Study of the Concrete on Partial Replacement of Cement by...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the behavioral effects of partially replacing cement with fly ash in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of burning coal that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study investigated replacing cement at levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight with fly ash in M20 grade concrete mixes. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with higher levels of fly ash replacement but was maintained at replacement levels up to 20-30%. Overall, the study aimed to determine the optimum level of fly ash replacement in concrete mixtures to reduce cement usage while maintaining adequate strength.
REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH FLY ASH AND STEEL FIBER IN RIGID PAVEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the behavior of concrete with a mix design of M20 grade that partially replaced cement with 10-30% fly ash and included the addition of 0.5-1.5% steel fiber. Tests were performed to determine the effect on compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. The highest strengths were achieved with 10% fly ash replacement and 1.5% steel fiber addition. Replacing more than 10% cement with fly ash resulted in lower strengths. The addition of steel fiber and fly ash improved strengths due to pozzolanic reactions and fiber bonding within the concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly A...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally investigates the effect of partially replacing cement with fly ash and rice husk ash in concrete at different proportions.
2) Testing showed that compressive strength increased by 30.15% compared to the target strength when using a combination of 22.5% fly ash and 7.5% rice husk ash.
3) Partial replacement of fly ash and rice husk ash reduces environmental impacts, produces more economical and eco-friendly concrete.
IRJET- Utilization of Rice Husk Ash and Foundry Sand as Partial Replacement M...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing rice husk ash and foundry sand as partial replacements in fiber reinforced concrete. It first provides background on fiber reinforced concrete and how fibers improve tensile strength and crack resistance. It then discusses the large worldwide usage of sand in concrete and need to replace it due to supply constraints, as well as the environmental impacts of cement production. Rice husk ash and foundry sand are identified as potential replacement materials. The literature review summarizes previous research showing rice husk ash and foundry sand can improve concrete strength and foundry sand is a viable sand replacement of up to 40-60%. The materials testing confirmed the replacements meet quality and strength requirements.
IMPROVEMENT IN PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE USING FIBERIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on improving the properties of porous concrete using fibers. It first provides background on porous concrete and its benefits over traditional concrete. It then outlines the methodology for an experimental study investigating the addition of plastic fibers to porous concrete. The study will measure the composite strength, permeability, and tensile strength of samples. A literature review discusses prior research showing fibers can increase the strength of porous concrete so it can be used for higher loads. The study aims to strengthen porous concrete for more applications.
DESIGN OF RIGID PAVEMENT AND ITS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS BY USAGE OF VITRIFIED ...IAEME Publication
A country can achieve sustainable and rapid growth in all fields by improving its connectivity and transit systems. Connectivity of people to resources by improved transit mechanism results in improved living standards. Apart from other means, the major part of connectivity of any country is through road systems. Well designed and maintained pavements provide better and long lasting service. In India, all the major road systems are designed as flexible pavements only, because of their ease of construction and less time it takes to be opened to traffic operations. The major problem with flexible pavements is their design life and high maintenance costs. Also, globally reducing petrol reserves, which are used for bitumen and asphalt production are also increasing the need for alternatives. To tackle these problems, rigid pavements can be constructed. Although the cost of construction of rigid pavements is high, its long life, high load carrying capabilities and low maintenance cost will balance the initial cost aspect. Recently, many studies are being conducted on different pozzolanic admixtures which can be used as partial replacement of cement in rigid pavements, thereby reducing its cost and enhancing properties of the mix. Here, an attempt is made to reduce the construction cost of rigid pavements by incorporating Vitrified Polish Waste (VPW) as partial cement replacement in proportions of 5% for M40 grade concrete. Further, to enhance flexural properties of pavement, Recron fibre is added to optimum VPW in increments of 0.1%, then after C.C pavement is designed for two lane two way national highway and cost benefit analysis is performed.
Experimental Investigations of Mechanical properties on Micro silica (Silica ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : The Now a day, we need to look at a way to reduce the cost of building materials, particularly
cement is currently so high that only rich people and governments can afford meaningful construction. Studies
have been carried out to investigate the possibility of utilizing a broad range of materials as partial replacement
materials for cement in the production of concrete. This study investigated the strength properties of Silica fume
and fly ash concrete. This work primarily deals with the strength characteristics such as compressive, Split
tensile and flexural strength. High performance concrete a set of 7 different concrete mixture were cast and
tested with different cement replacement levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% 12.5% and15%) of Fly ash (FA) with
silica fume (SF) as addition ( 0%,5%,10 % ,15% ,25and 30%) by wt of Cement and/or each trial super
plasticizer has been added at constant values to achieve a constant range of slump for desired work ability with
a constant water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.30.Specimens were produced and cured in a curing tank for 3, 7, 14
and 28 days. The cubes were subjected to compressive strength tests after density determination at 3,7,14 and
28 days respectively. The chemical composition and physical composition of micro silica, FlyAsh and cement
were determined. The density of the concrete decreased with increased in percentage of micro silica and Fly ash
replacement up to 15%. Increase in the level of micro silica fume and Fly ash replacement between 30% to 45%
led to a reduction in the compressive strength of hardened concrete. This study has shown that between 15 to
22.5% replacement levels, concrete will develop strength sufficient for construction purposes. Its use will lead
to a reduction in cement quantity required for construction purposes and hence sustainability in the
construction industry as well as aid economic construction.
Keywords: Durability, Fly Ash, High performance Concrete, Silica Fume/Micro Silica, Density, water
absorption
To Study the Effect of Silica Fume on Properties of Macro Polypropylene Blend...ijsrd.com
This document discusses a study on the effect of silica fume on the properties of macro polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete. The study replaces cement with silica fume at percentages of 0%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% and adds polypropylene fibers at percentages of 0%, 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.60%, and 1.0% by weight of cement. The concrete mixes will be tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, and durability at 7 days and 28 days. Previous literature found that polypropylene fibers can increase flexural strength and silica fume increases compressive strength. The goal of this study is to determine a mix that provides maximum strengths
Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble D...YogeshIJTSRD
The advancement of concrete technology is abridging the usance of natural and energy asset, and lessen the pollution of environment by the industrial waste. Marble is a metamorphic rock, resulting from the transformation of pure lime stone. Marble dust is generated in stone processing plants which pollute the environment and affect the humans directly or indirectly. Marble is industrially processed by being cut, polished and used for decorative purpose and thus, economically variable. During cutting process, 20 30 of a marble block becomes waste marble powder. Krishnendra Kumar Shukla | Hirendra Pratap Singh "Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble Dust and Recron Fibre as Admixture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38703/experimental-study-of-partial-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-with-marble-dust-and-recron-fibre-as-admixture/krishnendra-kumar-shukla
IRJET- Study of Self Compacting Concrete - A ReviewIRJET Journal
The document reviews research on self-compacting concrete, which can be placed and compacted under its own weight without vibration. It summarizes various studies that have investigated the fresh and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete made with different admixtures like fly ash and slag, finding that these can provide satisfactory strength when used to partially replace cement. The review also examines the effects of factors like water-cement ratio, paste content, and viscosity modifiers on the workability and durability of self-compacting concrete.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE BY PARTIAL REP...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that partially replaces cement and coarse aggregates in concrete with coconut shell ash and plastic wastes, respectively, to evaluate the impact on mechanical properties. Concrete cubes, cylinders, and beams were produced with 0-32% cement replacement by coconut shell ash and 0-48% coarse aggregate replacement by plastic wastes. The specimens were tested after 7 and 28 days of curing to determine properties like compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. Test results showed that partial replacement can produce concrete with mechanical properties within acceptable limits, indicating potential for use of agricultural and plastic wastes in concrete production to improve sustainability.
This document provides a review of research on producing floating concrete using lightweight materials like expanded polystyrene beads and pumice stone. It summarizes 10 previous studies that investigated using these materials to partially replace traditional aggregates in concrete. The studies found that this could produce concrete with compressive strengths and densities low enough to float. Replacing more traditional materials increased workability but decreased strength. Proportions and sizes of replacement materials affected properties. Overall, the studies showed it is possible to create floating concrete for applications like building barges and slabs.
Studies on usage potential of broken tiles as part replacement to coarse aggr...eSAT Journals
Abstract Concrete has several appealing characteristics that have made it as a widely used construction material. It is the material of choice where strength, performance, durability etc., are required and concrete is undoubtedly most versatile construction material. The present study aims at utilization and to ascertain the suitability of tile aggregate as partial replacement to coarse aggregate in normal pervious and blended concretes. The utility of partial replacement of tile waste as aggregates along with partially replacing OPC by fly ash is also addressed in the current work. The strength performance of these concretes (Tiled waste based, tiled waste based pervious, and tile & fly ash based blended concretes) with conventional concretes is studied and important findings are reported. Keywords: Clay tile aggregates, fly ash, replacement material, pervious concrete
An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Quarry Dust as fine Aggregat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on using quarry dust as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. The study found that replacing up to 50% of fine aggregate with quarry dust resulted in higher compressive strength compared to normal concrete. However, strength decreased with replacements over 50%. Using quarry dust can help reduce the environmental impacts of waste dust while also addressing the shortage of natural sand. The results indicate that quarry dust is a suitable replacement for fine aggregate in concrete.
IRJET- Review on Utilization of Partially Replacement of Cement and Sand ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a literature review on utilizing paper mill sludge and sugarcane bagasse ash as partial replacements for cement and sand in concrete. Several studies found that: 1) Cement can be replaced by 15% paper mill sludge or 10% sugarcane bagasse ash without significantly reducing strength; 2) Replacing up to 20% fine aggregate with sugarcane bagasse ash increases later-age strengths; 3) Maximum compressive strength is achieved with 15% cement replacement by paper mill sludge, then decreases at higher replacements. The reviewed project will produce concrete mixes with these replacements and test strengths at curing periods up to 28 days.
Investigate the Potential of Hypo Sludge and Steel Fiber, Which Can Be Partia...ijtsrd
Concrete and steel are the two main construction materials used in reinforced concrete structures around the world. The material that is utilised the most frequently is concrete, aside from this. These materials manufacturing procedures result in the production of greenhouse gas GHG emissions. GHG emissions can be decreased by lessening the environmental impact and improving the sustainability of cement replacement while maintaining the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete. These materials disposal seriously pollutes the environment. Hypo Sludge HS , a waste product from the paper industry, is dumped in significant quantities as slurry. Therefore, using HS as a partial replacement for cement in the production of concrete can aid in reducing the problem of environmental pollution. With the aim of determining an acceptable optimum replacement of HS without noticeably reducing physical and mechanical properties compared to regular concrete of the same grade, the current study, which is based on prior research, uses HS as a partial replacement of cement varying up to 40 for concrete manufacturing in combination with the addition of Steel Fibre SF up to 4 with super plasticizer. Naina Dangi | Rajesh Misra "Investigate the Potential of Hypo Sludge and Steel Fiber, Which Can Be Partially Mixed Into the Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52740.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/52740/investigate-the-potential-of-hypo-sludge-and-steel-fiber-which-can-be-partially-mixed-into-the-concrete/naina-dangi
Strength Studies of Concrete with Quarry Dust as Partial Replacement of SandIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using quarry dust as a partial replacement for sand in concrete. It begins with an abstract that outlines the motivation for finding an alternative to river sand due to costs and environmental impacts. It then reviews previous literature that has studied replacing sand with quarry dust at various percentages. The literature found that replacement of up to 30% increased compressive strength, but higher replacements saw decreasing strength. The document outlines the materials and equipment used, including cement, aggregates, and testing apparatuses. It provides details on the properties and sources of the materials used.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Performance of Coatings in RC Slab with...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into partially replacing cement with fly ash and sand with quarry dust in concrete. Specifically, it examines replacing cement at 15%, 20%, and 25% with fly ash and replacing 40% of sand with quarry dust. The compressive strength of the concrete mixtures was tested at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that replacing cement with 20% fly ash produced the highest compressive strength. Replacing cement with over 20% fly ash decreased the compressive strength. Thus, a partial replacement of up to 20% cement with fly ash can increase the compressive strength of concrete.
IRJET - A Review on Green Blocks and Strips using Plastic MudIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of plastic waste and sand to manufacture blocks and strips for construction. It notes that plastic waste disposal is a major environmental challenge in India. An experiment was conducted to create blocks from plastic waste, sand and water instead of cement, aggregates and water. The blocks were found to have increased strength from the addition of plastic to sand. Using plastic and sand mixtures can produce decorative materials, blocks, strips, tiles and other construction materials in an eco-friendly way while reducing landfill waste. The document outlines the objectives, need, methodology and literature review on this topic. In conclusion, the analysis found that plastic waste can be used to manufacture blocks mixed with sand for construction purposes as a cost-effective and environmentally
TO INVESTIGATE THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE MIX HAVING REPLACEMENT OF ...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the strength properties of concrete mixes that replace cement with red mud and add bamboo fibers. Red mud is a waste product from aluminum production that is difficult to dispose of due to its chemical properties. Bamboo fibers are added to increase the tensile strength of concrete. The study evaluates the slump, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete cubes and cylinders with 0-20% cement replaced by red mud and 0-1% bamboo fibers added. The results show that replacing 15% cement with red mud and adding 0.75% bamboo fibers produces concrete with optimal strength properties and is an economical and sustainable mix design.
Similar to A PARAMETRIC STUDY ON EFFECT OF FLY ASH TOGETHER WITH FIBER FOR SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
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The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
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politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
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Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
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governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
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The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
2. Mahesh V. Raut and Dr. Shirish V. Deo
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 101 editor@iaeme.com
Cite this Article: Mahesh V. Raut and Dr. Shirish V. Deo, A Parametric Study On
Effect of Fly Ash Together With Fiber For Sustainable Concrete. International Journal
of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 2017, pp. 100–110.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=3
1. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most widely used construction material all over the globe after water. The
present challenge for civil engineers is to produce high volume, high performance, durable and
sustainable concrete at lowest possible cost. This can be achieved by utilising maximum
possible industrial by-product like fly ash together with fiber in concrete.
Fly ash, known as pulverized fuel ash, is the ash precipitated electrostatically or
mechanically from the exhaust gases of coal-fired power station. India consumes large amounts
of cement and also produces over 184 millions tones of fly ash per year [1]. According to
notification of Ministry of Environment and Forest 100% utilization of produced fly ash must
be achieved in the year 2013. However as per available reports only 56% of it is used. In case
of Chhattisgarh state utilization is even lower at about 40%. Fly ash production is expected to
reach 300 million tons Per annum by 2017 and 900 million tons per annum by 2031-2032 [2].
Management of huge quantity of fly ash shall require huge land area for dumping and it will be
an environmental threat for coming generations if not handled properly.
Many previous studies concluded that fibers and fly ash are effective for improving the
various properties of concrete. The benefits of using fly ash are that it reduces the cost of the
concrete, carbon dioxide emission to environment, heat of hydration at early age and can
improve the workability, long term strength and durability of concrete [3]. It has also been
reported that damage due to shrinkage is significantly reduced in concrete or in cement paste
when fibers and fly ash are added. New methods for higher utilization of fly ash in concrete
should be urgently required for effectively utilising generated fly ash. Partial replacement of
cement and sand with fly ash together with fiber may make it possible to consume higher
volumes of fly ash produced making it a sustainable and durable concrete.
2. EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY FLY ASH
TOGETHER WITH FIBERS
Many previous literatures on study of the various properties of concrete containing different
fibers and fly ash concluded that when fly ash is used together with fibers, the resulting concrete
possesses desirable properties at reduced costs also. Following are the properties discuss
shortly.
2.1. Effect on workability
It is well known that addition of fiber in concrete reduces the workability, because fibers
hindered the flowability of fresh concrete and this caused the decrease in workability. However
workability increased by adding fly ash in concrete. Researchers studied concrete produced
with fly ash together with different types of fibers and they concluded that addition of fiber
provide better performance of the concrete, while fly ash in the mixture may adjust the
workability [4]. Research using fly ash content 0%, 15% and 30% by mass of cement and
polypropylene fiber 0%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% in volume basic, results showed that addition
of fiber in fresh concrete reduces the slump value, also the workability of concrete is reduced
as the percentage of fibers is increased but by using fly ash some of the workability loss was
compensated [5]. Researcher reported similar results with steel fibers [6]. Study on effect of
steel and polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete containing fly ash,
results shows that addition of fibers provides better performance for the concrete, also adding
3. A Parametric Study On Effect of Fly Ash Together With Fiber For Sustainable Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 102 editor@iaeme.com
fiber caused 2-8% decrease in the workability of concrete, while addition of fly ash
compensated for the lost workability [7].
2.2. Effect on strength
Study on the concrete containing fly ash between 0% to 30% and steel fibers dosage between
0% to 1.5% reported that addition of steel fiber either into Portland cement concrete or fly ash
concrete improves the tensile strength properties, drying shrinkage and freeze–thaw resistance.
The presence of fly ash, when compared with plain concrete, decreased the average
compressive strength by 10% and 14% for 15% and 30% fly ash replacement ratio respectively.
But after 365 days, due to pozzolanic reaction of fly ash and addition of steel fiber the loss in
strength due to the replacement of cement with was compensated. Splitting tensile strength
increased up to 71% for concrete mix having 1.5% volume fractions of fibers [6].
Inclusion of polypropylene fiber dosage up to 0.2% and fly ash as replacement of cement
up to 30% in concrete reduced the compressive strength up to 30% [5]. The redistribution of
void structure due to the inclusion of fiber, and the presence of weak interfacial bonds between
the fiber and cement-fly ash grains, the compressive strength slightly decreased.
Alkali-resistant glass fibers at about 1% mass fraction (0.25% volume fraction) are quite
effective in enhancing the material properties of the lightweight concrete mixtures [8]. The
Investigation using replacement of cement with fly ash at level of 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% by
weight with steel fiber and polypropylene fiber, the compressive strength and bending strength
of concrete produced with fibers were increased compared to concrete produced without fibers.
The 28 days compressive strength is to be similar for polypropylene fibers and 13% higher for
steel fibers compared to control concrete, and up to 7% cost saving was observed with 15%
replacement of cement with fly ash [7].
2.3. Effect on durability
Improving the properties of concrete using 30% fly ash, 1% polypropylene fiber by weight and
1% superplastizer by mass, result was 1% superplastizer delayed the initial and final setting
times by 2-4 hours but addition of polypropylene fiber accelerating effect on the setting times
of grout mixes, replacement of cement with 30% of fly ash produced economical grouts with
reasonable physical properties, grouts containing appropriate amount of superplastizer
enhanced flowability and viscosity, higher strengths, and reduced permeability [9].
Heterogeneities in the microstructure of the hydrated Portland cement paste, especially the
existence of large pores and large crystalline products in transition zone, were greatly reduced
by introduction of fine particles of fly ash [10]. Unit weight of concrete increased uniformly
with the increase in fiber content and decreased with the increase of fly ash content [6]. Vitreous
(glass) smooth and non-absorbing surface texture of fly ash is responsible for better workability
and lower water requirement of pastes, mortars and concretes containing siliceous by-products
as cement replacement [11].
2.4. Effect on shrinkage
Polypropylene fiber and fly ash in concrete separately or together reduced the drying shrinkage.
Fly ash content in concrete mixture was 0%, 15% and 30% in mass basic, and fiber volume
fraction was 0%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% in volume basis. On the basis of 210 days results,
drying shrinkage reduced up to 17% when compare to Portland cement control mixture, with
0.20% fiber volume fraction. Similarly drying shrinkage reduced up to 30% using fiber volume
fraction 0.20% with 15% fly ash contain [5].
4. Mahesh V. Raut and Dr. Shirish V. Deo
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 103 editor@iaeme.com
Study on effects of different fibers on expansion of concrete with high content of fly ash.
The ratio of cement/HFA was fixed to 0.50 with volume fraction of carbon fiber 1%, steel fiber
1%, nylon fiber 1% and glass fiber 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% respectively, and the result have shown
that the glass and carbon fibers had greater restrain effect on the expansion and the values of
their expansion were 54% and 36% of that of control specimen at the age of 60 days
respectively. While the effect of steel fiber on restraining expansion was much less than those
of glass and carbon fibers, and nylon fiber did not have any restraint effect on the expansion.
The result is better in glass and carbon fiber because of carbon and alkali resistance glass fibers
have high elastic modulus than steel and nylon fibers, expansion of composite decreases with
increasing glass fiber volume fraction [12].
Study by using fly ash and steel fibers on shrinkage properties at 210 days. Fly ash content
used was 0%, 15% and 30% in mass basis, and fiber volume fraction was 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%,
1.0% and 1.5% in volume, the result shows that maximum drying shrinkage occurred in
Portland cement concrete mixture. While fly ash concrete without fiber shrank less than that of
the reference Portland cement concrete. Concrete mixtures that contained 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0%
and 1.5% steel fiber resulted with 10%, 21%, 25% and 26% reductions in drying shrinkage,
when compared to reference Portland cement mixture at the age of 210 days. Drying shrinkage
in concrete mixes with 15% and 30% fly ash reduced up to 21% and 22% respectively when
compared to reference fly ash concrete without steel fiber respectively. They also showed that
addition of 30% fly ash and 1.5% dosage of steel fibers in concrete together reduced the
shrinkage by 30% when compared to reference concrete [6].
To reduce the impact of early age shrinkage on concrete durability the addition of low
volumetric fractions of short alkali resistance glass fiber is very advantageous in order to
control crack growth. Alkali resistance glass fiber control the cracking produced due to very
early age shrinkage on both self compacted concrete and standard concrete also reduces total
cracked area and the maximum length of the cracks [13]. For long-term durability of the glass
fiber reinforced polymer bars, it has been shown that alkali resistance glass fibers have a better
resistance to alkaline environments than normal E-glass [14]
Addition of low volume fraction of AR-glass fiber (600gm/m3
) produced a minimum value
of both cracked area and maximum cracked length, result showed that for some volume fraction
and fiber length, the reduction of cracked area reaches up to 95% [15]. The early age shrinkage
could be reduced by adhesion between the glass fibers filaments and cementations matrix. [16]
The above literatures show that the addition of fly ash and different fibers improve various
properties of concrete. Inclusion of fly ash compensates for loss of workability due to fibers.
Also inclusion of fibers increases 28 days strength of fly ash concrete.
3. EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SAND WITH FLY ASH
3.1. Effect on workability and water requirement of concrete
Researcher made an extensive laboratory based investigation in to unprocessed low lime fly
ash in foamed concrete, as a replacement for sand. For a given plastic density, the spread
obtained on fly ash concretes were up to 2.5 times greater than those noted on sand mixes [17].
Need to use about 650 kg/m3
of fine material to make self compacting concrete. This also
requires fine aggregates more than 50% of total aggregate so that coarse aggregate can float in
the fine material. This requirement of fine materials can be easily fulfilled by use of fly ash
[18]. About 25% increases in workability of the fly ash based concrete over control concrete
[19].
5. A Parametric Study On Effect of Fly Ash Together With Fiber For Sustainable Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 104 editor@iaeme.com
3.2. Effect on strength on concrete
An experimental investigation to evaluate mechanical properties of concrete mixes in which
fine aggregate was partially replaced with five percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50 %)
of class F fly ash by weight. The test result showed that the compressive strength, split tensile
strength and flexural strength of fly ash concrete mixes with 10% to 50% fine aggregate
replacement with fly ash were higher than control mix at all ages. Also the compressive strength
shown in Fig. 1, split tensile strength shown in Fig. 2 and flexural strength shown in Fig. 3 of
concrete mixes was increasing with increase in fly ash percentages. This increase in strength
due to replacement of fine aggregate with fly ash was attributed to pozzolanic action of fly ash.
The tests on modulus of elasticity also showed improvement in the results as compared to
control concrete shown in Fig. 4 [20].
Figure 1 Compressive strength versus Age
Figure 2 Splitting tensile strength versus Age
6. Mahesh V. Raut and Dr. Shirish V. Deo
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 105 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 3 Flexural strength versus Age
Figure 4 Modulus of elasticity verses Age
Research on the use of fly ash as replacement of sand in polymer concrete. The weight mix
design having 10% resin, 45% pea gravels and 45 % sand was compared with weight mix
design in which 15% sand was replaced by fly ash. This replacement of 15% sand with fly ash
by weight increased compressive strength by about 30%. Also there was improvement in the
stress strain curve as shown in Fig. 5; the reason for this was reported as addition of fly ash
achieves better workability than sand. The fine and spherical particles of fly ash improves
lubricating properties of polymer concrete, thus improving its plasticity and cohesiveness. They
also conduct flexure test on polymer concrete beams with 15% fly ash replacement and result
shows that flexural strength of steel reinforced polymer concrete beams was increased by 15%
[21].
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Figure 5 Polymer concrete Stress Strain Curve
Authors described early stages of a project to study the use of large volumes of high lime
fly ash in concrete. Authors used fly ash for partial replacement of cement and fine aggregates.
Replacement percent from 0% to 50% was tested in their study. They reported that concrete
with 25% to 35% fly ash provided the most optimal results for its compressive strength. They
concluded that this was due to the pozzolanic action of high lime fly ash [22].
Researchers used a typical low calcium fly ash as additive in mortar replacing, part of
volume either of Portland cement or aggregate, in both cases 10%, 20% and 30% addition to
the cement weight was done. A very important finding was that when the compressive strength
of mix in which aggregate was replaced by fly ash were similar to that of control mix at 3 and
14 days, but were higher from 28 days and later, which is shown in the Fig. 6. The strength
increase is due to higher content of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H, the main carrier of strength
in hardened cement) due to reaction of CH produced from cement hydration with active silica
of fly ash. There is reasonable distribution of the strength increases according to fly ash content
but after 91 days there is no difference between 20% and 30% replacement. When fly ash
replaces cement as shown in Fig. 7, the strength is reduced, at first due to lower activity of the
fly ash, but as time precedes this gap is gradually eliminated [23].
Figure 6 Compressive strength development of mortars when fly ash replaces aggregate
8. Mahesh V. Raut and Dr. Shirish V. Deo
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Figure 7 Compressive strength development of mortars when fly ash replaces cement
An extensive laboratory based investigation in to unprocessed low lime FA in foamed
concrete, as a replacement for sand. The early age strengths were found to be similar for both
sand and fly ash concrete; however the 28-day values varied significantly with density. The
strength of fly ash concrete was more than 3 times higher than sand concrete. More significantly
while the strength of sand mixes remained fairly constant beyond 28 days, those of fly ash
foamed concrete at 56 and 180 days were up to 1.7 to 2.5 times higher than 28 days values
respectively [17].
Aggregate cement ratio is only a secondary factor in the strength of concrete but it is found
that, for a constant water cement ratio, a leaner mix leads to higher strength for higher aggregate
cement ratio. A large amount of aggregate absorbs a greater quantity of water. It reduces the
effective water cement ratio increasing the strength. The most likely explanation, however, lies
in the fact that the total water content per cubic meter of concrete is lower in a leaner concrete.
As a result, in a leaner mix, voids form a smaller fraction of total volume of concrete, and it is
these voids that have an adverse effect on strength [24].
3.3. Effect on durability of concrete
The experimental results containing fly ash, the authors concluded that the pores in concrete
reduce by addition of fly ash as replacement of sand increasing the durability of concrete [25].
The study on the use of fly ash as replacement of sand in polymer concrete. In the mix design
15% sand by weight was replaced with fly ash. They reported good surface finish due to
addition of fly ash as replacement of sand which also reduce permeability and have an attractive
dark colour. When subjected to 80 thermal cycles polymer concrete with fly ash exhibits
slightly better thermal cycling resistance (about 7% improvement) than polymer concrete
without fly ash [21].
Out of large number of papers studied, papers only found very relevant are included for
putting forward present objectives. Literature discussed has shown partial replacement of sand
with fly ash had shown higher strength from 3rd
day as compared to control concrete. Long
term strength was about 20% higher than the control concrete. Along with increase in strength,
increase in workability and durability of concrete by partial replacement of sand with fly ash is
very encouraging.
Analyzing the results it may be seen that due to ball bearing and pore filling effect,
dispersion of cement particles and pozzolanic reactivity of fly ash as partial replacement of
sand, workability and strength also increased. This additional strength and workability offered
by partial replacement of sand with fly ash could offset loss of 28days strength of high volume
fly ash concrete.
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4. FINDINGS FROM LITERATURE REVIEW
• Literature shows that fly ash as a pozzolanic material is effective for improving the various
properties of concrete.
• The advantages of fly ash are to increase the workability, while fibers increase strength by
reducing crack opening and crack propagation.
• The disadvantage of fly ash is to reduce early age strength, while fibers reduce the workability
of concrete.
• Advantages of fly ash as replacement of cement and addition of fibers in concrete on shrinkage
and durability are very well reported in literature
• Effect of fly ash as partial replacement of cement and sand together with glass fibers is not
available in literature
• Construction industry always require good workability and early age strength.
• The reduction of early age strength due to fly ash may be compensated by using glass fiber and
reduction of workability due to fibers may be compensated by using fly ash in concrete.
5. DISCUSSION
Higher production and lesser consumption of fly ash will create big environmental issues for
coming generations in Chhattisgarh, India. Also Government restriction on extraction of sand
from river bed has recently resulted in many fold increase in its price. Production of one tone
of cement discharges nearly equal amount of CO2 into atmosphere and causes lot of harm to
environment and society. For sustainability of sand and lime stone, there is a need of sustainable
concrete by partially replacing sand and cement to save the environment.
The main disadvantage of replacement of cement with fly ash and fibers is to reduce 28
days strength and workability of concrete respectively. Researchers have shown that fibers in
concrete increase strength and reduce cracks and crack propagation, while fly ash increases the
workability of concrete due to its spherical shape. The issue of lower 28 days strength due to
partial replacement of cement with fly ash may be addressed by use of fibers and partial
replacement of sand with fly ash. Also reduction of workability due to addition of fiber may be
compensated by addition of fly ash as replacement of cement and sand. A study on partial
replacement of cement and sand by fly ash together with fiber for sustainable and durable
concrete may be needed for higher consumption of fly ash and producing required days
strength.
6. CONCLUSION
Use of fly ash and fibers is important for the sustainable construction and consumption of large
volumes of fly ash. Literature discussed in the present paper has given an overview of effect of
fly ash and different fibers on important properties of concrete. Present paper discussed the
advantages of fly ash to increase the workability, durability, long term strength and reduce the
heat of hydration of concrete. Fibers are also found more effective in resisting the development
of cracks caused by shrinkage and loading. Today all the efforts of the concrete technologist
should be in the direction of reduces the consumption of cement as it reduces CO2 emission.
Also environmental agencies are recommending lesser use of sand and higher consumption of
fly ash. Fly ash together with fibers will make structures more durable making them sustainable
and increasing service life. Fly ash concrete together with fibers fulfils all these requirements
however the issue of lower early strength must be addressed by using fly ash, and workability
is reduce using fiber but fly ash in the mixture may adjust the workability. Replacement of sand
with fly together with fiber effect on durability of concrete not well studies and hence need to
10. Mahesh V. Raut and Dr. Shirish V. Deo
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be study for recommending partial replacement of sand with fly ash together with fiber for
practice use. Also partial replacement of cement with fly ash and partial replacement of sand
with fly ash together with fiber study not available and hence for high volume fly ash
consumption in concrete such study is highly desired by the industry.
7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The data reported in this study is based on information provided by several researches. I would
like to acknowledge the contribution made to these by my guide Dr. Shrish V. Deo, Assistant
professor NIT, Raipur. I would like to acknowledge Dr. U. K. Dewangan head of civil
department at NIT, Raipur and other staff members in NIT Raipur. I would like to acknowledge
Dr. Saurabh Rungta, Director technical RCET, Raipur Chhattisgarh India.
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