Concrete is commonly used building material, and it is extensively used, hence this project is aimed to
reduce the use of natural sand by using crushed rock powder(CRP) as a replacement for fine aggregate in
concrete .Thereby reducing the exhaustion on natural sand. The project involves the process in which fine
aggregate in concrete is replaced by CRP at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% replacement. Grade of concrete M25 is
selected for the project. The project includes determination of compressive strength and split tensile strength
at the ages of 7 days and 28 days. The strength properties of concrete with CRP replacement are compared
with that of Normal Concrete (NC) which does not contain CRP.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF THE CONCRETE FOR REPLACEMENT OF SAND B...IAEME Publication
The demand of natural sand in the construction industry has consequently increased resulting in the reduction of sources and an increase in price. In such a situation stone dust can be an economical alternative to the river sand. The effect of water cement ratio on fresh and hardened properties of concrete with fully replacement of natural sand by stone dust was investigated. Concrete mix design of M40 grade was done according to Indian standard code (IS: 10262).The main
objective of the present investigation is two cements are selected Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) & Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) - 43 grade to evaluate the possibilities of using stone dust as a replacement by fine aggregate along with super plasticizers at a dosage of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% & 2.0% by weight of cement
Strength and Durability Aspects of Crushed Stone Sand A Reviewijtsrd
As a result of ban on natural sand obtained from river there is deficiency of fine aggregate used in construction industry. As a replacement for the river sand the crushed stone sand is used nowadays. In this paper a effort is made to summaries the findings done by various researches and conclusive statement is made about till date study carried in regards of crushed stone sand. Prof. Dr. M. B. Chougule | Mr. A. L. Mulla "Strength and Durability Aspects of Crushed Stone Sand: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31052.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/31052/strength-and-durability-aspects-of-crushed-stone-sand-a-review/prof-dr-m-b-chougule
Experimental Study on Concrete with Waste Granite Powder as an AdmixtureIJERA Editor
Granite fines which are the byproduct produced in granite factories while cutting huge granite rocks to the desired shapes. Granite fines are used as a filler material in the concrete, replacing the fine aggregate which will help in filling up the pores in the concrete. Filling up of the pores by granite fines increase the strength of the concrete and also a material which is abundantly to investigate the strength behavior of concrete with use of granite fines as an additive. Concrete is prepared with granite fines as a replacement of fine concrete in 4 different propositions namely 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% and various tests such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are investigated and these values are compared with the conventional concrete without the granite fines. It was observed that substitution of 7.5% of cement by weight with Granite fines in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength for both 7 & 28 days to 33.14 & 43.40 N/mm2 compared to 23.26 & 39.41 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 7.5% substitution with granite fines increasing the tensile strength for 7 & 28 days to 2.87 &4.19 N/mm2 compared with a 2.4 & 3.4 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 7.5% granite fine replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength for 28 days to 6.34 N/mm2compared to a 3.35 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 10% substitution with granite fines is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available granite is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.
Improved Concrete Properties Using Quarry Dust as Replacement for Natural SandIJERD Editor
Concrete plays a major role in the construction industry. Natural sand is a prime material used for
the preparation of concrete and also plays an important role in Mix Design. Now a day’s river erosion and other
environmental issues have led to the scarcity of river sand. The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the
requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production has resulted in the increased need to find new
alternative materials to replace river sand so that excess river erosion is prevented and high strength concrete is
obtained at lower cost. One such material is Quarry stone dust: a by-product obtained during quarrying process.
Attempts have been made to study the suitability of Quarry dust as sand replacing material and it has been found
that Quarry dust improves the mechanical properties of concrete as well as elastic modulus. The optimum
compressive strength is achieved at the proportion of fine to coarse with 60:40 ratio
Studies on quarry dust as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concreteIJLT EMAS
Natural sand is most commonly used fine aggregates
in the production of concrete possess the problem of acute
shortage in many areas. Quarry dust can be used as an economic
alternative to the natural sand. In this investigation an attempt is
made to utilize quarry dust as a partial substitute for natural
sand in producing concrete. Natural sand is replaced by Quarry
dust at an interval of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Mix
proportions for M20 concrete is prepared with reference to IS:
10262-2009 and IS: 456-2000 for the study of workability.
Compressive strength and Flexural strength test results are
compared with the conventional concrete. The strengths were
obtained at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. Compressive and
Flexural strength increased marginally from 5% to 15%
replacement. There is a slight decrease in the corresponding
compressive and flexural strength at 20% replacement. Good
correlation was observed between compressive strength and
flexural strength. It was observed that the addition of quarry
dust that would replace the fine material at particular
proportion has displayed an enhancing effect on properties of
concrete. This investigation proves that quarry dust can be used
as a partial substitute for natural sand in preparing concrete.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF THE CONCRETE FOR REPLACEMENT OF SAND B...IAEME Publication
The demand of natural sand in the construction industry has consequently increased resulting in the reduction of sources and an increase in price. In such a situation stone dust can be an economical alternative to the river sand. The effect of water cement ratio on fresh and hardened properties of concrete with fully replacement of natural sand by stone dust was investigated. Concrete mix design of M40 grade was done according to Indian standard code (IS: 10262).The main
objective of the present investigation is two cements are selected Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) & Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) - 43 grade to evaluate the possibilities of using stone dust as a replacement by fine aggregate along with super plasticizers at a dosage of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% & 2.0% by weight of cement
Strength and Durability Aspects of Crushed Stone Sand A Reviewijtsrd
As a result of ban on natural sand obtained from river there is deficiency of fine aggregate used in construction industry. As a replacement for the river sand the crushed stone sand is used nowadays. In this paper a effort is made to summaries the findings done by various researches and conclusive statement is made about till date study carried in regards of crushed stone sand. Prof. Dr. M. B. Chougule | Mr. A. L. Mulla "Strength and Durability Aspects of Crushed Stone Sand: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31052.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/31052/strength-and-durability-aspects-of-crushed-stone-sand-a-review/prof-dr-m-b-chougule
Experimental Study on Concrete with Waste Granite Powder as an AdmixtureIJERA Editor
Granite fines which are the byproduct produced in granite factories while cutting huge granite rocks to the desired shapes. Granite fines are used as a filler material in the concrete, replacing the fine aggregate which will help in filling up the pores in the concrete. Filling up of the pores by granite fines increase the strength of the concrete and also a material which is abundantly to investigate the strength behavior of concrete with use of granite fines as an additive. Concrete is prepared with granite fines as a replacement of fine concrete in 4 different propositions namely 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% and various tests such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are investigated and these values are compared with the conventional concrete without the granite fines. It was observed that substitution of 7.5% of cement by weight with Granite fines in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength for both 7 & 28 days to 33.14 & 43.40 N/mm2 compared to 23.26 & 39.41 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 7.5% substitution with granite fines increasing the tensile strength for 7 & 28 days to 2.87 &4.19 N/mm2 compared with a 2.4 & 3.4 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 7.5% granite fine replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength for 28 days to 6.34 N/mm2compared to a 3.35 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 10% substitution with granite fines is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available granite is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.
Improved Concrete Properties Using Quarry Dust as Replacement for Natural SandIJERD Editor
Concrete plays a major role in the construction industry. Natural sand is a prime material used for
the preparation of concrete and also plays an important role in Mix Design. Now a day’s river erosion and other
environmental issues have led to the scarcity of river sand. The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the
requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production has resulted in the increased need to find new
alternative materials to replace river sand so that excess river erosion is prevented and high strength concrete is
obtained at lower cost. One such material is Quarry stone dust: a by-product obtained during quarrying process.
Attempts have been made to study the suitability of Quarry dust as sand replacing material and it has been found
that Quarry dust improves the mechanical properties of concrete as well as elastic modulus. The optimum
compressive strength is achieved at the proportion of fine to coarse with 60:40 ratio
Studies on quarry dust as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concreteIJLT EMAS
Natural sand is most commonly used fine aggregates
in the production of concrete possess the problem of acute
shortage in many areas. Quarry dust can be used as an economic
alternative to the natural sand. In this investigation an attempt is
made to utilize quarry dust as a partial substitute for natural
sand in producing concrete. Natural sand is replaced by Quarry
dust at an interval of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Mix
proportions for M20 concrete is prepared with reference to IS:
10262-2009 and IS: 456-2000 for the study of workability.
Compressive strength and Flexural strength test results are
compared with the conventional concrete. The strengths were
obtained at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. Compressive and
Flexural strength increased marginally from 5% to 15%
replacement. There is a slight decrease in the corresponding
compressive and flexural strength at 20% replacement. Good
correlation was observed between compressive strength and
flexural strength. It was observed that the addition of quarry
dust that would replace the fine material at particular
proportion has displayed an enhancing effect on properties of
concrete. This investigation proves that quarry dust can be used
as a partial substitute for natural sand in preparing concrete.
Experimental investigation on concrete by replacing crusher dust as fine aggr...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present work we identified and investigated the use of crusher dust and granite floor slab chips in concrete as an alternative fine aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively, the tests were conducted on standard concrete cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm), cylinders (150 mm x 300 mm) and prisms (100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm). Tests on the physical properties of crusher dust, granite chips and its influence on the strength of fresh and hardened state, along with a comparative study with the concrete of river sand are made. The properties investigated were specific gravity, fineness modulus, water absorption, free surface moisture, bulk density and grading zone. Tests were conducted on 6 cubes, 6 cylinders and 6 prisms for M20 grade mix design with sand and crusher dust as fine aggregates, granite metal and granite floor slab chips as coarse aggregates. The strength parameters compressive strength, Split-Tensile strength and flexural strength were compared at 7 days and 28 days respectively. Mix design procedure in accordance with IS 10262-2009, IS 456-2000 and Sp 23-1982 using 20mm coarse aggregate was adopted for investigation. The investigation indicates that crushed stone dust has vast potential as fine aggregate in concrete construction. Crusher dust not only reduces the cost of construction but also helps reduce the impact on environment by consuming the material hitherto considered as a waste product with few applications. Keywords: Crusher Dust, Granite Floor Slab Chips, Concrete Mix.
Experimental Investigation on the Concrete as a Partial Replacement of Fine a...IJSRD
This project work involves in an experimental study on the concrete by using stone dust and brick dust on the mechanical properties of the concrete. In this experimental study two types admixtures are used in preparation of concrete mix. Stone dust and brick dust are added from 0% to 25% by weight of fine aggregate with increment of 5%. A comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the admixture concrete in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural strength properties. As the stone dust and brick dust content increases in cement concrete, the compressive and split tensile values are proportionally increasing. It is observed that at 20% of stone dust and brick dust is the optimum dosages for concrete mixture.
A Study on self-Compacting Concrete Using Portland Slag Cement with Partial R...IJERA Editor
Concrete plays a vital role as a construction material in the world. In the present scenario, waste materials from various industries are added to the mix. Over 400 million tons of waste materials are being produced by various industries every year. Foundries successfully recycle and reuse the sand many times in a foundry. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as Foundry sand. Foundry sand production is nearly 6 to 10 million tons annually. There is a possibility of substituting natural fine aggregate with waste foundry sand which offers technical, economic and environmental advantages which are of great use in the construction sector. The construction industry is now slowly becoming aware of the environmental issues and other sustainable development issues for cement and concrete industries. It is looking for the ways and means to develop building products, which will increase the life span and quality. This thesis presents an experimental investigation on strength aspects like compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of Self Compacting Concrete (SSC) containing an industrial waste foundry sand. It is used as fine aggregate in varying proportions, replacing the fine aggregate with foundry sand as percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. For this green SCC, all SCC tests are performed as per EFNARC guidelines i.e. slump flow, L-box, V funnel and T50 tests are carried out.
durability aspects in reference to permeable voids and leaching of calcium hy...IJCMESJOURNAL
The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary cementitious material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem. Fly ash (FA) and Quarry sand (QS) are some among the solid wastes generated by industry. The Quarry sand is one such material which can be used to replace sand as fine aggregate. To overcome from this crisis, partial replacement of natural sand (NS) with Quarry sand and partial replacement of cement with FA can be an economic alternative. This research is carried to study the effect of replacement of sand by Quarry sand and cement by fly ash with using admixture in concrete, especially in reference to permeable voids development, compressive strength, leaching of Ca(OH)2 in curing water and RCPT at 28, 56 and 90 days of age. A M25, M30, M40 Grade concrete were chosen for research. The mix design was carried out and three combinations were chosen, first combination using 100% Natural sand and 100% cement ( treated as controlled mix).In second combination 100%Natural sand is replaced by Quarry sand and cement remains100%. In third combination 30% cement is replaced by Fly ash and 45% Natural sand is replaced by Quarry sand (treated as critical mix). These were chosen from 30 combinations of variable % of Natural sand and Quarry sand and fly ash. The study is aim at understanding the performance of critical mix in reference to controlled mix and concrete containing 100% quarry sand. It is observed that if quarry and is used for concrete then suitable percentage natural sand and fly ash must be added to achieve desired compressive strength and performance of concrete.
Strength behaviour of foundry sand on modified high strength concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Metal foundries use a large amount of sand as part of the metal casting process. Foundry industries generally recycle and reuse the used foundry sand many times in casting process. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as "foundry waste sand." Like many waste products, foundry sand has beneficial applications to other industries. A mixture of silica sand coated with a thin film of burnt carbon and residual binder with traces of dust is termed as foundry sand. From the previous available literature it was found that replacement of sand by foundry sand by certain initial percentages gives a marginal increase in hardened properties of normal strength concrete. In the present work, fine aggregate is replaced by foundry sand with percentages and tests were performed for hardened properties of modified high strength concrete for all replacement levels. Keywords: Waste Foundry Sand, physical properties, chemical properties, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength
Utilization of Foundry Waste Sand in the Preparation of Concreteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Use of Granite Waste as Partial Substitute to Cement in ConcreteIJERA Editor
With the ever increasing cost of construction materials there is a need to curtail the same by using cheaper substitutes. In this investigation Granite Slurry (GS) was used as partial substitute in proportions varying from 5% to 20% by weight to cement in concrete and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure strength. It was observed that substitution of 10% of cement by weight with GS in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength to 48 N/mm2 compared to 35 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 10% substitution with GS increasing the tensile strength to 3.6N/mm2 compared with a 2.4 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 10% GS replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength to 4.6 N/mm2compared to a 3.2 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 20% substitution with GS is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available GS is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.
“Experimental studies on the characteristics properties of concrete produced ...AjeetPanedakatti
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in the world and is consumed second only to water on this planet. It is obtained by mixing the cementitious materials, water and aggregates in the required proportions. However, the various required performance attributes of concrete including strength, workability, dimensional stability and durability, often impose contradictory requirements on the mix parameters to be adopted, there by rendering the concrete mix design a very difficult task.
The increase in global warming has resulted a wide range of change in earth’s temperature, the source being emission of carbon dioxide gas from the production process of cement. Use of naturally available pozzolanic waste materials (fly ash & granite powder) as a partial substitute of OPC cement in mortar mix has seen a wide potential in the utilization of these waste material and also enhancing the properties of mortar mix and thus reducing the environment impact caused by manufacturing of cement. In this study the effect of using fly ash & granite powder is used as a partial substitute of ordinary port-land cement and to reduce the cost of the cement.
An investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of using fly ash (bi-product from thermal power plant) and waste granite powder as partial replacement for cement for concrete production. Apart from the control concrete sample which had 100% cement all the other samples were treated to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash and granite powder. Concrete cubes of 150mmx150mmx150mm, cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, beams of 100mmx100mmx500mm were made with the various proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregates in a mix ratio of 1:2.2:3, water -cement ratio of 0.50 and cured over 28 days. The results of compressive strength tests show that the strength of the concrete cubes with varying amounts of cement and fly ash and granite powder changed marginally. This was interpreted to mean that the partial replacement of cement with fly ash and granite powder up to 20% in concrete results in about 1.4% increase in the strength of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is 33N/mm2, flexural strength of concrete beams is 5.10 N/mm2 and split tensile strength of concrete cylinder is 2.34 N/mm2 for 20% replacement.
Comparision of Strength For Concrete With Rock Dust And Natural Sand Concrete...IJERA Editor
The Quarry rock dust can be an economic alternative to the river sand. Quarry Rock Dust can be defined as
residue, tailing or other non-voluble waste material after the extraction and processing of rocks to form fine
particles less than 4.75mm. Usually, Quarry Rock Dust is used in large scale in the highways as a surface
finishing material and also used for manufacturing of hollow blocks and lightweight concrete prefabricated
Elements. This project presents the feasibility of the usage of Quarry Rock Dust as hundred percent substitutes
for Natural Sand in concrete. Design Mix for M30 and M40 has been calculated using IS 10262-2009 for both
conventional concrete and quarry dust concrete. Tests were conducted on cubes, cylinders and beams to study
the strength of concrete by using Quarry Rock Dust and the results were compared with the Natural Sand
Concrete. Cement motor ratios of 1:3 and 1:6 are prepared and observe the percentage of water absorption in
both Quarry Rock Dust and Natural sand for plastering.
Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Local available SoilIJERD Editor
Cement, sand and aggregate are basic needs for any construction industry. Sand is a prime material
used for preparation of mortar and concrete and which plays a major role in mix design. Now a day’s erosion of
rivers and considering environmental issues, there is a scarcity of river sand. The non-availability or shortage of
river sand will affect the construction industry; hence there is a need to find the new alternative material to
replace the river sand, such that excess river erosion and harm to environment is prevented. Many researchers
are finding different materials to replace sand and one of the major materials is local available soil. Using
different proportion of this available soil along with sand the required concrete mix can be obtained. This paper
presents a review on the study of replacement of fine aggregate with local available soil with different
percentages (10%,20%,30%,40%,50% & 60%). Of all the trail mixes, the optimum replacement of soil with
sand was found to be 30%.
This presentation (in Kinyarwanda language) was made at a training workshop on Integrated Potato Crop Management organized by International Potato Center (CIP) for Innovation Platform (IP) members of Kadahenda, Rwanda.
Experimental investigation on concrete by replacing crusher dust as fine aggr...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present work we identified and investigated the use of crusher dust and granite floor slab chips in concrete as an alternative fine aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively, the tests were conducted on standard concrete cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm), cylinders (150 mm x 300 mm) and prisms (100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm). Tests on the physical properties of crusher dust, granite chips and its influence on the strength of fresh and hardened state, along with a comparative study with the concrete of river sand are made. The properties investigated were specific gravity, fineness modulus, water absorption, free surface moisture, bulk density and grading zone. Tests were conducted on 6 cubes, 6 cylinders and 6 prisms for M20 grade mix design with sand and crusher dust as fine aggregates, granite metal and granite floor slab chips as coarse aggregates. The strength parameters compressive strength, Split-Tensile strength and flexural strength were compared at 7 days and 28 days respectively. Mix design procedure in accordance with IS 10262-2009, IS 456-2000 and Sp 23-1982 using 20mm coarse aggregate was adopted for investigation. The investigation indicates that crushed stone dust has vast potential as fine aggregate in concrete construction. Crusher dust not only reduces the cost of construction but also helps reduce the impact on environment by consuming the material hitherto considered as a waste product with few applications. Keywords: Crusher Dust, Granite Floor Slab Chips, Concrete Mix.
Experimental Investigation on the Concrete as a Partial Replacement of Fine a...IJSRD
This project work involves in an experimental study on the concrete by using stone dust and brick dust on the mechanical properties of the concrete. In this experimental study two types admixtures are used in preparation of concrete mix. Stone dust and brick dust are added from 0% to 25% by weight of fine aggregate with increment of 5%. A comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the admixture concrete in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural strength properties. As the stone dust and brick dust content increases in cement concrete, the compressive and split tensile values are proportionally increasing. It is observed that at 20% of stone dust and brick dust is the optimum dosages for concrete mixture.
A Study on self-Compacting Concrete Using Portland Slag Cement with Partial R...IJERA Editor
Concrete plays a vital role as a construction material in the world. In the present scenario, waste materials from various industries are added to the mix. Over 400 million tons of waste materials are being produced by various industries every year. Foundries successfully recycle and reuse the sand many times in a foundry. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as Foundry sand. Foundry sand production is nearly 6 to 10 million tons annually. There is a possibility of substituting natural fine aggregate with waste foundry sand which offers technical, economic and environmental advantages which are of great use in the construction sector. The construction industry is now slowly becoming aware of the environmental issues and other sustainable development issues for cement and concrete industries. It is looking for the ways and means to develop building products, which will increase the life span and quality. This thesis presents an experimental investigation on strength aspects like compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of Self Compacting Concrete (SSC) containing an industrial waste foundry sand. It is used as fine aggregate in varying proportions, replacing the fine aggregate with foundry sand as percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. For this green SCC, all SCC tests are performed as per EFNARC guidelines i.e. slump flow, L-box, V funnel and T50 tests are carried out.
durability aspects in reference to permeable voids and leaching of calcium hy...IJCMESJOURNAL
The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary cementitious material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem. Fly ash (FA) and Quarry sand (QS) are some among the solid wastes generated by industry. The Quarry sand is one such material which can be used to replace sand as fine aggregate. To overcome from this crisis, partial replacement of natural sand (NS) with Quarry sand and partial replacement of cement with FA can be an economic alternative. This research is carried to study the effect of replacement of sand by Quarry sand and cement by fly ash with using admixture in concrete, especially in reference to permeable voids development, compressive strength, leaching of Ca(OH)2 in curing water and RCPT at 28, 56 and 90 days of age. A M25, M30, M40 Grade concrete were chosen for research. The mix design was carried out and three combinations were chosen, first combination using 100% Natural sand and 100% cement ( treated as controlled mix).In second combination 100%Natural sand is replaced by Quarry sand and cement remains100%. In third combination 30% cement is replaced by Fly ash and 45% Natural sand is replaced by Quarry sand (treated as critical mix). These were chosen from 30 combinations of variable % of Natural sand and Quarry sand and fly ash. The study is aim at understanding the performance of critical mix in reference to controlled mix and concrete containing 100% quarry sand. It is observed that if quarry and is used for concrete then suitable percentage natural sand and fly ash must be added to achieve desired compressive strength and performance of concrete.
Strength behaviour of foundry sand on modified high strength concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Metal foundries use a large amount of sand as part of the metal casting process. Foundry industries generally recycle and reuse the used foundry sand many times in casting process. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as "foundry waste sand." Like many waste products, foundry sand has beneficial applications to other industries. A mixture of silica sand coated with a thin film of burnt carbon and residual binder with traces of dust is termed as foundry sand. From the previous available literature it was found that replacement of sand by foundry sand by certain initial percentages gives a marginal increase in hardened properties of normal strength concrete. In the present work, fine aggregate is replaced by foundry sand with percentages and tests were performed for hardened properties of modified high strength concrete for all replacement levels. Keywords: Waste Foundry Sand, physical properties, chemical properties, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength
Utilization of Foundry Waste Sand in the Preparation of Concreteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Use of Granite Waste as Partial Substitute to Cement in ConcreteIJERA Editor
With the ever increasing cost of construction materials there is a need to curtail the same by using cheaper substitutes. In this investigation Granite Slurry (GS) was used as partial substitute in proportions varying from 5% to 20% by weight to cement in concrete and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure strength. It was observed that substitution of 10% of cement by weight with GS in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength to 48 N/mm2 compared to 35 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 10% substitution with GS increasing the tensile strength to 3.6N/mm2 compared with a 2.4 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 10% GS replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength to 4.6 N/mm2compared to a 3.2 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 20% substitution with GS is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available GS is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.
“Experimental studies on the characteristics properties of concrete produced ...AjeetPanedakatti
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in the world and is consumed second only to water on this planet. It is obtained by mixing the cementitious materials, water and aggregates in the required proportions. However, the various required performance attributes of concrete including strength, workability, dimensional stability and durability, often impose contradictory requirements on the mix parameters to be adopted, there by rendering the concrete mix design a very difficult task.
The increase in global warming has resulted a wide range of change in earth’s temperature, the source being emission of carbon dioxide gas from the production process of cement. Use of naturally available pozzolanic waste materials (fly ash & granite powder) as a partial substitute of OPC cement in mortar mix has seen a wide potential in the utilization of these waste material and also enhancing the properties of mortar mix and thus reducing the environment impact caused by manufacturing of cement. In this study the effect of using fly ash & granite powder is used as a partial substitute of ordinary port-land cement and to reduce the cost of the cement.
An investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of using fly ash (bi-product from thermal power plant) and waste granite powder as partial replacement for cement for concrete production. Apart from the control concrete sample which had 100% cement all the other samples were treated to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash and granite powder. Concrete cubes of 150mmx150mmx150mm, cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, beams of 100mmx100mmx500mm were made with the various proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregates in a mix ratio of 1:2.2:3, water -cement ratio of 0.50 and cured over 28 days. The results of compressive strength tests show that the strength of the concrete cubes with varying amounts of cement and fly ash and granite powder changed marginally. This was interpreted to mean that the partial replacement of cement with fly ash and granite powder up to 20% in concrete results in about 1.4% increase in the strength of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is 33N/mm2, flexural strength of concrete beams is 5.10 N/mm2 and split tensile strength of concrete cylinder is 2.34 N/mm2 for 20% replacement.
Comparision of Strength For Concrete With Rock Dust And Natural Sand Concrete...IJERA Editor
The Quarry rock dust can be an economic alternative to the river sand. Quarry Rock Dust can be defined as
residue, tailing or other non-voluble waste material after the extraction and processing of rocks to form fine
particles less than 4.75mm. Usually, Quarry Rock Dust is used in large scale in the highways as a surface
finishing material and also used for manufacturing of hollow blocks and lightweight concrete prefabricated
Elements. This project presents the feasibility of the usage of Quarry Rock Dust as hundred percent substitutes
for Natural Sand in concrete. Design Mix for M30 and M40 has been calculated using IS 10262-2009 for both
conventional concrete and quarry dust concrete. Tests were conducted on cubes, cylinders and beams to study
the strength of concrete by using Quarry Rock Dust and the results were compared with the Natural Sand
Concrete. Cement motor ratios of 1:3 and 1:6 are prepared and observe the percentage of water absorption in
both Quarry Rock Dust and Natural sand for plastering.
Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Local available SoilIJERD Editor
Cement, sand and aggregate are basic needs for any construction industry. Sand is a prime material
used for preparation of mortar and concrete and which plays a major role in mix design. Now a day’s erosion of
rivers and considering environmental issues, there is a scarcity of river sand. The non-availability or shortage of
river sand will affect the construction industry; hence there is a need to find the new alternative material to
replace the river sand, such that excess river erosion and harm to environment is prevented. Many researchers
are finding different materials to replace sand and one of the major materials is local available soil. Using
different proportion of this available soil along with sand the required concrete mix can be obtained. This paper
presents a review on the study of replacement of fine aggregate with local available soil with different
percentages (10%,20%,30%,40%,50% & 60%). Of all the trail mixes, the optimum replacement of soil with
sand was found to be 30%.
This presentation (in Kinyarwanda language) was made at a training workshop on Integrated Potato Crop Management organized by International Potato Center (CIP) for Innovation Platform (IP) members of Kadahenda, Rwanda.
Crise d'envergure: cycles économiques et crises financièresAymen FASSI
Nizar fassi, à travers Rachatducredit.com, offre, aux internautes et aux férus d'économies, les outils et analyses nécessaires pour comprendre les cycles économiques, les notions de crise économique.
Les définitions économiques et financières y sont intégrées. Des illustres professeurs en économie y sont cités.
Nizar Fassi donne un accès gratuit à ce contenu de haute qualité. Nizar fassi a intégré des savoirs venant des ressources humaines tout en gardant une rigueur scientifique dans ses approches économiques.
Nizar fassi a fortifié une culture bancaire et financière jusqu'à devenir un passionné d'économie bancaire.
Tous les aspects de la banque l'intéressent. De la création d'un simple compte bancaire aux financements de l'économie en général sont des sujets d'étude. Nizar Fassi a intégré le fait que l'intermédiaire des banquiers centraux sont les banques, et ce passage obligé représente un carrefour financier qui est essentiel pour comprendre les cycles économiques.
For more information about . http://www.zricks.com/Ekta-Tripolis-Goregaon-West-Mumbai/14613
Ekta Tripolis, Goregaon, West Mumbai. Visit: http://www.zricks.com
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An experimental study on high performance concrete using mineral fly ash and ...IJARIIT
This work presents the determination of the mechanical properties (compression, split tensile and flexural tests) of the
specimens (cubes, cylinders, and beams). The specimens are of M60 grade high strength concrete which includes ground
granulated blast furnace slag (10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40%) and Fly ash (10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40%) to obtain the desired
strengths and properties. Finally, we used in combination of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag in different
percentages as replacement of cement and concrete was prepared. We used SP430-Sulphonated Naphthalene Polymers as a
super plasticizer for better workability for high performance concrete. Dosage for super plasticizers is same for all mix
proportions. We casted concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders and are kept for curing for a period of 28days. The tests are
conducted after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing period. To obtain such desired strength that cannot be obtained from conventional
concrete and by the current method, a large number of trial mixes with different percentages of fly ash and different percentages
of ground granulated blast furnace slag are required to select the desired combination of materials that meet the required
strength.
Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by using Agricultural Waste with P...ijtsrd
Portland cement as ingredient in concrete is one of the fundamental development materials generally utilized particularly in creating nations. The expanding interest for concrete is relied upon to be met by fractional bond substitution. The look for elective fastener or concrete substitution materials prompted the disclosure of possibilities of utilizing modern side effects and farming squanders as cementitious materials. A portion of the waste items which have pozzolanic properties and which have been considered for use in mixed bonds incorporate wood fiery debris, fly powder, Silica smolder, Volcanic cinder, copper slag, quarry dust, Rice husk cinder . It is a waste material coming about because of the mechanical processing or preparing of timber into different shapes and sizes. The issues of profitability, economy, quality and condition, they need to rival other development materials. In this investigation three sorts of squanders materials wood ash, sugar cane bagase ash and rice husk ash and ordinary aggregate were utilized for preparing cube specimens. There are M25 grade of blended extent are use. Squander materials are use in concrete with the substitution bond of 4 , 8 , 12 and 16 . These beams, cylinder and cube are tries on 7, 14, and 28 days. The compressive quality, flexural quality, and tensile strength are determined with the help of UTM and CTM machine. Prabhjot Singh Devgun | Dr. P. K. Singhai | Prof. A. K Jha "Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by using Agricultural Waste with Partial Replacement of Cement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33461.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33461/effect-on-compressive-strength-of-concrete-by-using-agricultural-waste-with-partial-replacement-of-cement/prabhjot-singh-devgun
Effect on Concrete Strength by Partial Replacement of Cement with Cotton Stal...ijtsrd
Huge quantity of Cotton stalk ash and rice husk ash are generating as a waste product in agriculture sector in India and many other developing countries every year. In lack of proper wakefulness and technology expansion, great portion of these by products remain unutilized causing severe disposal and environmental troubles. The main goal of this thesis is to examine the performance of M40 grade concrete with a mix ratio as per M40 grade and a water cement ratio of 0.425 Additionally, it aims to determine the compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength of concrete cement when cotton stalk ash and rice husk ash are used in place of cement. With various percentage like 10, 20, and 30 etc. of cotton stalk ash and rice husk ash well as with combined replacement of Cotton stalk ash and rice husk ash. and results that the workability of concrete was found to be reduced on enhance the Cotton stalk ash CSA , rice husk ash RHA by difference percentages. The Maximum increase in 53.67 N mm2 of compressive strength is obtained after the period 28 days with cotton stalk ash substituting 10 of the cement CSA . The maximum increase in flexural strength over the period of 28 days was 5.98 N mm2, with cotton stalk ash substituting 10 of the cement CSA . When 10 of the cement is replaced with cotton stalk ash, the significant increase in split tensile strength for 28 days is 4.23N mm2 CSA By substituting cotton stalk ash, rice husk ash for 20, 10 of the cement, the compressive strength as per this investigations for 28 days is observed 49.47 N mm2 CSA, RHA is not achieved highest value but achieve the target mean strength. The greatest results are achieved when cotton stalk ash are utilized, although at different percentages. Maninder Singh | Mr. Janardan Tiwari "Effect on Concrete Strength by Partial Replacement of Cement with Cotton Stalk Ash and Rice Husk Ash" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52353.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/52353/effect-on-concrete-strength-by-partial-replacement-of-cement-with-cotton-stalk-ash-and-rice-husk-ash/maninder-singh
An Experimental Investigation on Strengths Characteristics of Concrete with t...ijsrd.com
The present work is directed towards developing a better understanding on strengths characteristics of concrete using as a partial replacement of cement by marble dust powder and sand by stone dust. The Dissertation work is carried out with M30 grade concrete for which the marble powder is replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% by weight of cement. For all the mixes compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths are determined at different days of curing apart from this the beams were casted and tested under flexural, the load and deflection are noted simultaneously and also the crack pattern were observed. In addition to this, sand is replaced with stone dust (SD) by 10%, 20% and 30% along with cement is replaced with MP by 0%, 10% and 20% by weight for M30 grades of concrete. Only 3 cubes were casted for various percentage replacements of sand with SD and cement with MP for 7days and 28 days compressive strength. The results of the present investigation indicate that marble dusts incorporation results insignificant improvements in the compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths of concrete and The load carrying capacity of RMP RCC beams {mix2 and mix3} is more compared to RCC conventional beams up to 10% of replacement and also for stone dusts and marble dust incorporation results insignificant improvements in the compressive strengths of concrete up to 20% of SD and 10% of MP of replacement.
Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble D...YogeshIJTSRD
The advancement of concrete technology is abridging the usance of natural and energy asset, and lessen the pollution of environment by the industrial waste. Marble is a metamorphic rock, resulting from the transformation of pure lime stone. Marble dust is generated in stone processing plants which pollute the environment and affect the humans directly or indirectly. Marble is industrially processed by being cut, polished and used for decorative purpose and thus, economically variable. During cutting process, 20 30 of a marble block becomes waste marble powder. Krishnendra Kumar Shukla | Hirendra Pratap Singh "Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble Dust and Recron Fibre as Admixture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38703/experimental-study-of-partial-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-with-marble-dust-and-recron-fibre-as-admixture/krishnendra-kumar-shukla
Analysis on concrete made from over burned bricksIJARIIT
Concrete is a composite material used for the ground that all considerate designing structure is developed with concrete
in an efforts to find an alternative material in concrete much work has been focused to use brick aggregates in producing normal
strength or even higher strength by far the most common course aggregates used in concrete is obtained from natural rock, but
type of rock suitable for concrete making is not available locally and everywhere. However, there is hardly any literature
producing previous concrete using bricks chips as course aggregates. The research was conducted to study the suitability crushed
over burnt bricks as alternative course aggregates for concrete production. The concrete cube beams and cylinders of M-25, M-
30, and M-35 grade were thrown in this trail explore work and try to analyze different properties of concrete with crushed over
burnt bricks as an alternative material. The physical properties like compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and
workability with alternative material was used with a dosage of 10%, 20% and 30% in concrete with the age of 7, 14, 28 and 50
days of curing. The general properties of fresh and hardened concrete were tried and the outcomes were dissected. Over Burnt
bricks were casted and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and workability. The result shows that
the aggregate that concrete derived from Over Burnt bricks aggregate attained lower strength than the regular concrete. More
detailed and elaborated work is recommended with different mix ratio and a different proportion of Over Burnt aggregates for
a better conclusion.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. 68 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Experimental Study on use of Crushed Rock Powder as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Concrete
rapid infrastructural growth, in this situation
developing country like India facing shortage in
good quality natural sand. Particularly in India,
natural sand deposits are being depleted and
causing serious threat to environment as well as
the society. Increasing extraction of natural sand
from river beds causing many problems, loosing
water retaining sand strata, deepening of the river
courses and causing bank slides, loss of vegetation
on the bank of rivers, exposing the intake well of
water supply schemes, disturbs the aquatic life as
well as affecting agriculture due to lowering the
underground water table etc are few examples. In
past decade variable cost of natural sand used as
fine aggregate in concrete increased the cost of
construction. In this situation research began for
inexpensive and easily available alternative
material to natural sand.
Some alternatives materials have
already been used as a part of natural sand e.g.
flyash, slag limestone and siliceous stone powder
were used in concrete mixtures as a partial
replacement of natural sand. However, scarcity in
required quality is the major limitation in some of
the above materials. Now a day’s sustainable
infrastructural growth demands the alternative
material that should satisfy technical requisites of
fine aggregate as well as it should be available
abundantly.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Chandrasekhara Reddy (2003) has conducted
experiments to study the performance of concrete
using stone dust as a replacement to sand. Sand
was replaced by quarry dust from 0 to 100% at
increment of 25%. Compressive strength and
tensile strength tests were conducted using 43
grade OPC in M20 concrete. Compressive strength
was computed at the age of 7 days, 28 days and 60
days. From the test results he observed that all the
mixes except 50% replacement achieved the target
strength. The stone dust decreases workability of
concrete due to the larger portions of fine particles.
At 75% of sand replacement, the percentage of
increase in compressive and tensile strength were
40 and 28 compared with reference mix
respectively. The unit weight increases with
increase in percentage of replacement of sand. He
concluded that sand can be replaced by stone dust
available locally without affecting strength of
concrete.
B. Ilangovan et al (2008) have conducted tests to
study the feasibility of the usage of quarry rock
dust as hundred percent substitutes for natural
sand in concrete. Mix design has developed for
M20, M30 and M40 grades for both conventional
concrete and quarry dust concrete. Tests were
conducted on cubes and beams to study the
strength and durability of concrete made of quarry
rock dust and the results were compared with
natural sand concrete. From the test results they
reported that permeability of quarry rock dust
concrete was less compared to controlled concrete.
The quarry dust concrete have comparatively
10-15% more strength than the ordinary concrete.
Quarry dust concrete has better durability, little
drying shrinkage value and higher water
absorption. They concluded that the replacement
of natural sand with quark rock dust as full
replacement in concrete is possible.
C. Nagabhushana and Sharada bai (2011) have
conducted experiments on concrete using crushed
rock powder as a partial replacement material for
natural sand. The percentage of replacement was
20, 30 and 40. Three grades of concrete of M20,
M30 and M40 were taken for study using 53 grade
OPC. Tests were conducted on compressive,
flexural and split tensile strength at the age of 7
and 28 days. The w/c ratio was fixed as 0.5, 0.39
and 0.31 for M20, M30 and M40 mixes
respectively. For M40 mix in addition to the water
quantity as per w/c ratio a super plasticizer was
added to keep slump of 70mm. From the test
results it was observed that the compressive,
flexural and split tensile strength was increased
and maximum at 40% sand replacement. The
percentage of increase will be inversely
proportional to the mix ratio. It was concluded that
the compressive, flexural and split tensile strength
of concrete were not affected with the replacement
of sand by crushed rock powder as fine aggregate
up to 40%.
D. Lohani et al (2012) have studied the property of
the quarry dust and the suitability to use it as
partial replacement material for sand in concrete.
Design mix of M20 grade concrete was used with
replacement of 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of
sand by quarry dust. They conducted slump test,
compaction factor test, compressive strength
(cube, cylindrical sample), split tensile strength,
flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and water
absorption test. The durability of concrete was
studied by immersing the concrete cube in 5%
solution of MgSO4, 5% solution of NaCl and 2N
solution of HCl for 28 and 91 days and results were
3. 69 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 06 | June 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
compared with the standards to achieve the
desired parameters. From the test results it was
observed that the concrete does not give adequate
workability with increase of quarry dust. It was due
to the extra fineness of quarry dust. Increased finer
requires greater amount of water for the mix
ingredients to get closer packing results in
decreased workability. Increase in dust content up
to 30% increases compressive strength of concrete
and if the dust content was more than 30% the
compressive strength decreases gradually. But the
compressive strength of quarry dust concrete
continues to increase with age for all the
percentage of quarry dust contents. Flexural and
tensile strength was maximum at 20% sand
replacement. From the above test results it was
concluded that quarry dust can be utilized at 20%
replacement.
III. OBJECTIVES
Development of high strength concrete mixes
by using crushed rock powder as a replacement
for natural sand.
Study of fresh and hardened properties of high
strength concrete mixes developed in the
laboratory. (Tests conducted: compression test
on concrete cubes and split tensile test on
concrete cylindrical moulds)
Comparison of results with Normal Mix
IV. METHODOLOGY
A. General:
In this study it deals with the materials that are
used in the study, namely: Cement, Coarse
aggregate, Fine aggregate and crushed rock
powder. The test methods adopted to measure the
properties of Concrete such as Compression Test,
Split tensile Test are to be explained.
Compression and split tensile tests are conducted
on cubes of standard dimensions respectively.
Based on the result of the tests conducted in the
laboratory, conclusions are drawn.
B. Materials Used:
i. Cement:
Portland cement is one of the most widely used
cement for all types of constructional activity. The
cement used for the study was Ordinary Portland
cement (OPC) 43grade.It confirmed to the
requirements of Indian Standard Specification IS:
8112-1989.
ii. Crushed rock powder/Quarry dust:
The Quarry Rock Dust obtained from local
quarry on the outskirt of Bellur, Karnataka was
used in concrete to cast test cubes and cylinders.
The physical properties of Quarry Rock Dust
obtained by testing the samples are listed in Table
3.2
iii. Sand:
Good river sand in absence of any earthy matter
and organic matter is used. Particles are angular in
shape passing 4.75mm and retaining on 150
micron standard sieve. Sample is washed in water
to get free from earthy and silt content and dried
over a period of 48 hours in sunlight.
iv. Coarse aggregates:
The maximum size of aggregate used is 20mm.
Well graded cubical or rounded aggregate are
desirable. Aggregates should be of uniform quality
with respect to shape and grading.
v. Mixing water:
Ordinary potable water of normally pH 7 is used
for mixing and curing the concrete specimen.
C. Basic Tests Conducted an Materials and Their Test
Results:
Basic tests such as specific gravity, sieve
analysis, water absorption, standard consistency,
initial and final setting time, etc. were conducted
on the respective materials as mentioned above.
The results obtained are as follows:
i. Test result of cement:
Brand: Penna cement
Grade: OPC 43 grade
Table (a): Physical properties of Ordinary Portland cement
Sl.no Tests
conducted
Result
Obtained
REQUIREMENTs As
Per Is:12269-1987
1.
Fineness
modulus
2.33% 10% maximum
2.
Initial setting
time
50 minutes 30 mins. minimum
3.
Final setting
time
370 minutes 600 mins. maximum
4. Specific gravity 3.14 2.99-3.15
5.
Standard
consistency
30% ----
ii. Test result of quarry dust
The different tests conducted on Quarry
dust or CRP and the results are tabulated as
shown in the table given below;
Table (b): Physical properties of Quarry dust/ Crushed rock
powder
SL.NO. TESTS CONDUCTED RESULT
OBTAINED
1. Specific gravity 2.10
2. Fineness modulus 1.92
3. Bulking of sand 4%
4. Water absorption test 1.85%
4. 70 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Experimental Study on use of Crushed Rock Powder as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Concrete
iii. Test result of fine aggregate
The different tests conducted on Natural
sand and the results are tabulated as shown in the
table below;
Table (c): Physical properties of fine aggregate
SL.NO. TESTS
CONDUCTED
RESULT
OBTAINED
REQIREMENT
AS PER
IS:12269-1987
1. Specific
gravity
2.52 2.75 maximum
2. Water
absorption
test
1% 2% maximum
3. Fineness
modulus
4.3 ----
4. Bulking of
sand
3% ----
iv. Test result of coarse aggregate
The different tests conducted on coarse
aggregate and the results obtained are as follows;
Table (d): Physical properties of course aggregate
SL.
NO.
TESTS
CONDUCTED
RESULT
OBTAINE
D
REQUIREME
NT AS PER
IS:383-1970
1.
Specific
gravity
2.70
2.85
maximum
2.
Water
absorption
test
0.5%
0.6%
maximum
3.
Aggregate
impact value
test
11.42% 45%
4.
Fineness
modulus
1.85 ----
C. Design Mix:
Since there is no standard method of designing
concrete mixes incorporating Quarry Rock Dust as
fine Aggregate. The method mix design proposed by
IS:10262-2009 is first employed to design the
Nominal Concrete mixes and finally natural sand
was fully replaced by Quarry Rock Dust to obtain
Quarry Rock Dust concrete mixes. The purpose of
mix proportioning is to produce the required
properties in both plastic and hardened concrete
by working out a combination of available
materials, with various economic and practical
standards.
[Refer APPENDIX I for detailed mix design.]
D. Preparation of specimens/ mould
preparation:
Mould is cleaned properly and greased with
mould oil. Concrete is placed in the mould of
dimension 150mmX150mmX150mm in 3 layers
each layer of height approximately 50mm. after the
placement of first layer of concrete it is compacted
by a tamping rod of 16mm diameter, 0.6m long and
bullet pointed at the lower end. The stroke of the
bar is uniformly distributed over the cross section
of the mould. Each layer is compacted with 35
strokes and next scoop of concrete is placed
followed by same manner of compaction and top
layer is finished.
The cylindrical moulds of 200mm length and
100mm diameter are cleaned properly and greased
with oil. Concrete is placed in mould in 5 layers,
each is approximately 1/5th the mould. After the
placement of first layer of concrete it is compacted
by using a tamping rod of 16mm diameter 600mm
long and bullet pointed at the lower end .the stoker
of the bar are uniformly distributed over the cross
section or the mould. Each layer is compacted with
30 strokes and the next scoop of the concrete is
placed followed the same manner of compaction
and the top layer is finished.
E. Curing of Specimens:
The test specimens are stored in place free from
vibration, in moist air of at least 90% relative
humidity and at a temperature of 27o + 2o C for 24
hours from the time of addition of water to the dry
ingredients. After this period, the specimens are
marked and removed from the moulds and
immediately submerged in clean fresh water and
kept there until taken out just prior to test.
Fig. (a) Concrete cubes and cylinders consisting 40%
replacement of fine aggregate by quarry dust
F. Method of Testing:
Specimens are tested at the ages of 7 and 28
days. The specimens to be tested are taken out
from water and wiped to remove excess water and
grit present on the surface. 3 specimens are tested
for each type of mix at specific age. Cubes are
placed on the compression testing machine of 200
tons capacity such that the marked face faces the
observer and the cylinders are placed on the
5. 71 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 06 | June 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
compression testing machine such that the
marked surface faces the observer and their side
with their principal axis lying in the horizontal
plane load is applied on the specimen and
increased at the rate of 140kg/sq cm/min until the
resistance of the specimen to the increasing load
breaks down and no greater load can be sustained.
Maximum load applied to the specimen was
recorded and compressive strength and tensile
strength of the concrete is formed out by using the
relation.
Compressive strength =
𝐏
𝐁×𝐃
Tensile strength, ft= 2P/πdl
Where, P = ultimate load in KN.
l = length of the mould in mm.
d = diameter of the mould in mm.
B = breadth of the mould in mm.
D = depth of the mould in mm.
Fig. (b) Compressive test on concrete cube
Fig. (c) Split tensile test on concrete cylinder
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents results of hardened
properties of normal mix and partially replaced
quarry dust/CRP mixes of M25 grade concrete, for
various ages. Further the results obtained are
reported in the form of Table and Graphs
respectively.
A. Compressive Strength Test Results
The following are the tables that give the
Compressive strength results of OPC obtained in
the laboratory, when cement is partially replaced
by CRP or Quarry dust for 7 and 28 days.
i. Compressive Strength Test Results Of
M25 Grade Concrete At 7 Days:
Sl
.
n
o.
Quar
ry
dust
repla
ced
(%)
Cube
dime
nsio
n
(mm)
Cross
sectio
nal
area
(mm2)
Failur
e load
(KN)
Compressive
strength
(MPa)
1. 0
150 x
150 x
150
22.5 x
103
422 18.75
21.00
491 21.80
506 22.50
2. 20
302 13.40
15.60
443 19.70
307 13.64
3. 40
525 23.30
20.70
352 17.45
481 21.40
4. 60
310 13.80
16.00
351 15.60
420 18.70
Table (e) Compressive strength test results at 7 days
Fig. (d) Graph of compressive strength at 7 days
0
5
10
15
20
25
0% 20% 40% 60%
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH(MPA)
% OF CRP REPLACED
6. 72 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Experimental Study on use of Crushed Rock Powder as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Concrete
ii. Compressive strength test results of
m25 grade concrete at 28 days:
Sl
.
n
o.
Quarry
dust
replac
ed (%)
Cube
dimens
ion
(mm)
Cross
sectio
nal
area
(mm2)
Failur
e load
(KN)
Compressi
ve strength
(MPa)
1. 0
150 x
150 x
150
22.5 x
103
714
31.7
5
31.6
5
709
31.5
0
713
31.7
0
2. 20
679
30.2
0
29.2
0
631
28.0
0
661
29.4
0
3. 40
526
23.4
0
24.3
0
501
22.3
0
616
27.4
0
4. 60
430
19.0
0
21.3
0
530
23.5
0
478
21.2
0
Table (f) Compressive strength test results at 28 days
Fig. (e) Graph of compressive strength at 28 days
B. Split Tensile Strength Test Results
The following tables give the Split tensile strength
results of OPC obtained in the laboratory, when
cement is partially replaced by Quarry dust (CRP)
for 7and 28 days.
i. split tensile strength test results of m25
grade concrete at 7 days:
Sl.
no.
Quarry
dust
replaced
(%)
Cube
dimension
(mm)
Failure
load
(KN)
Split tensile
strength (MPa)
1. 0
100 x 200
103 3.30
3.30
99 3.15
107 3.40
2. 20
86 2.70
3.00
102 3.20
94 3.00
3. 40
98 3.10
3.20
95 3.00
103 3.30
4. 60
102 3.30
3.20
93 3.00
105 3.30
Table (g) Split tensile strength test results at 7 days
Fig. (f) Graph of split tensile strength at 7 days
ii. split tensile strength test results of m25
grade concrete at 28 days:
Sl.
no.
Quarry
dust
replaced
(%)
Cube
dimension
(mm)
Failure
load
(KN)
Split tensile
strength (MPa)
1. 0
100 x 200
136 4.30
3.90
124 3.90
111 3.50
2. 20 133 4.25
4.20
109 3.45
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0% 20% 40% 60%
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH(MPa)
% OF CRP REPLACED
2.85
2.9
2.95
3
3.05
3.1
3.15
3.2
3.25
3.3
3.35
0% 20% 40% 60%
SPLITTENSILESTRNGTH(MPa)
% OF CRP REPLACED
7. 73 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 06 | June 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
152 4.80
3. 40 118 3.70
3.55
105 3.30
113 3.60
4. 60 105 3.30
3.50
113 3.60
133 3.60
Table (h) Split tensile strength test results at 28 days
Fig. (g) Graph of split tensile strength at 28 days
VI. CONCLUSION
On studying the hardened properties of concrete
for replacement of fine aggregate by Quarry
dust/Crushed rock powder, we come to a
conclusion that fine aggregate can be replaced by
quarry dust up to a optimum percentage of 20 for
both compression and tension, later any increase
in percentage of quarry dust will result in loss of
both compressive and tensile strength of concrete.
APPENDIX
Mix Design
1. Design stipulation for proportioning:
Grade designation =M25
Type of cement =OPC 43 grade confirming to
IS: 8112-1989
Max. nominal size of aggregate =20mm and
downsize
Max. W/C ratio =0.5
Min. cement content =300Kg/m cube
Max. cement content =450Kg/m cube
Workability =25-50 slump
Exposure condition =Severe
Type of aggregate =Crushed angular
aggregate
Chemical admixture = NIL
2. Test data for materials:
Cement used =OPC 43 grade confirming to
IS: 8112-1989
Specific gravity of cement =3.14
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate =2.70
Specific gravity of fine aggregate =2.52
Specific gravity of quarry dust (CRP)=2.10
Water absorption for CA =0.5%
Water absorption for FA =1.0%
Free moisture for CA and FA =NIL
Sieve analysis:
(a) Coarse aggregate : confirming to table 2 of IS:
383-1970
(b) Fine aggregate : confirming to Zone I of IS:
383-1970
3. Target strength for mix proportioning:
fck’= fck+1.65s N/mm2
Where, fck’= Target average compressive strength at
28 days
fck = characteristic compressive strength at
28 days = 25 N/mm2
s= standard deviation = 4 (from table 1 of
IS: 10262-2009)
fck’= 25+1.65×4
fck’=31.6 N/mm2
4. Selection of water cement ratio:
From table 5 of IS: 456-2000,
Maximum water cement ratio = 0.45(for severe
exposure condition)
Based on experience, adopt W/C= 0.45
Hence OK.
5. Selection of water content:
From table 2 IS: 10262-2009,
Maximum water content for 20mm agg.= 186lts
(for 25 to 50mm slump range)
6. Calculation of cement content:
Adopted, W/C= 0.45
Water content= 186lts
Therefore, 186/C = 0.45
C = 413kg/m3 >300kg/m3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0% 20% 40% 60%
SPLITTENSILESTRNGTH(MPa)
% OF CRP REPLACED