The document discusses various methods for deploying a Kubernetes cluster, highlighting tools such as Minikube, kubeadm, kops, and an in-house solution called Kubewizard developed by Linker Networks. It emphasizes the complexity and variety of options in the Kubernetes ecosystem, while also detailing the advantages and limitations of each deployment tool. The content also touches on the importance of community resources and tutorials for learning Kubernetes effectively.

1. A Million Ways of Deploying
a Kubernetes Cluster
Jimmy Lu
Data Engineer, Linker Networks Inc.
slu@linkernetworks.com

2. Overview
• Why Million Ways?
• minikube
• Kubernetes The Hard Way
• hyperkube
• kube-up.sh
• kubeadm
• kops
• Configuration and Provisioning
Tools
• Enterprise Solutions
• Kubewizard

3. Why Million Ways?
• Kubernetes is open sourced
• Kubernetes is a complex system
• Similar to Hadoop or OpenStack ecosystems
• https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/pick-right-solution/
• 40 solutions are listed in the page
• More to come
• Linker Networks is building our own solutions
• None of them suits our needs
• Kubewizard

4. minikube
• https://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/minikube/
• brew cask install minikube && minikube start
• More difficult to setup on Windows (via Hyper-V)
https://goo.gl/owaoyY
• Running locally on your machine (obviously not for production)
• For the first taste of Kubernetes and Kubernetes development
• Very good for testing behaviors of different parameters of Kubernetes
components
• Lack of the distributed view of entire cluster

5. Kubernetes The Hard Way
• https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way
• A Github repository created by Google engineer Kelsey Hightower
(@kelseyhightower)
• Manually configure the cluster step-by-step
• The tutorial is based on Google Cloud Engine
• The best way to learn Kubernetes
• Showing the distributed nature of a Kubernetes cluster
• HA for master nodes
• Authentication method by bootstrap tokens and certificates/keys

6. Kubernetes The Hard Way Cont.
• The latest version even demonstrates how to uses CRI-O as the container
engine
• Consistently updated
• More Kubernetes tutorials are on the Kelsey Hightower’s Github
• kubernetes-cluster-federation
• consul-on-kubernetes
• nomad-on-kubernetes
• Etc.
• Apparently not a good way to configure a large cluster

7. hyperkube
• Not really a way to deploy Kubernetes cluster
• A binary contains all Kubernetes components
• kube-apiserver
• kube-controller-manager
• kube-scheduler
• kubelet
• kube-proxy
• quay.io/coreos/hypercube kubelet --api-servers=http://localhost:8080
• Single endpoint to download the binary and make sure they are of
the same version

8. kube-up.sh
• Legacy tool for configuring a cluster
• Scripts interact with cloud platforms
• Supports many cloud providers. Some are deprecated and will be
removed soon
• curl -sS https://get.k8s.io | bash or execute the kube-up.sh directly
• You don’t have too many controls on how a cluster look like

10. kubeadm
• https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/create-cluster-
kubeadm/
• Officially developed and supported by Kubernetes developers
• Built by Golang, runs very fast
• kubeadm init on master nodes, kubeadm join on worker nodes
• Some good features out of the box
• Static pods, all Kubernetes components (excepts kubelet) are in the
containers
• Master isolation (by taint)
• Secured by all perspectives (RBAC, encrypted communication by TLS/SSL)

11. kubeadm cont.
• Versioned with Kubernetes release
• Very good tool for setting up small clusters quickly, which could be
useful for integration testing
• Still a work-in-progress
• All the control plan components are in the same node
• No HA configurations
• You have to write your own scripts for large scale deployment
• Limited configurable parameters

15. kops
• https://github.com/kubernetes/kops
• Specific to AWS
• Stores all the configurations files to S3
• Worker nodes are bundled with auto-scaling groups
• HA by default (master nodes are behind a ELB)
• Must have a domain name before running the setup
• Has it’s own object semantics and definition in YAML

16. Configuration and Provisioning Tools
• Scripts developed by Ansible, Chef, Terraform, SaltStack, etc.
• Great for deploying large clusters
• Good for different infrastructures (cloud, bare metal, on-premises)
• Could be easily found on Github
• Most of them are tutorials or specific to certain platforms, E.g.
CoreOS, AWS, etc.
• Most of the time, you have to modify the scripts to suit your needs
• kubespray -- https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/kubespray
• https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/ansible

17. Enterprise solutions: CoreOS Tectonic
• https://coreos.com/tectonic
• License is required
• Has good cluster management user interface
• Has good installation user interface
• Baked by Terraform
• More features than just

18. Kubewizard
• Developed by Linker Networks
• Components
• Kubewizard-ansible: scripts to
• Kubewizard-cli: Command line tool for configuring the cluster
• Kubewizard-ui: User interface for configuring the cluster
• Opinionated
• Static pods
• Secured by default
• RBAC enabled
• CNI enabled

19. Kubewizard cont.
• But flexible enough to override all the configurations to deploy
customized Kubernetes clusters
• Trying to combine all the good parts of tools above mentioned
• Store configuration files externally
• Able to deploy large clusters
• HA
• Targeting on large scale and production-grade clusters
• Performance optimized
• Parallel execution
• Good CLI and Web user interface (still in progress)

21. iThome #Kubernetes Day
• https://day.ithome.com.tw/kubernetes/
• Two talks are from Linker Networks
• All the troubles you get into when setting up a Kubernetes cluster
• As the continuation of this session, I will talk about all issues we faced when
developing the Kubewizard
• Kubernetes Networking: building your own CNI plugin
• I will briefly talk about Kubernetes networking, and our intern, John Lin will
follow up talking about the concept of CNI and how to develop a CNI plugin