IBS(Irritable Bowel Syndrome) Management Update-2021Pritom Das
Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
the presention about abdominal pain and it s different cause we talking briefly about medical and surgical causes
and the presention mainly about the vascular causes for abdominal pain
i hope its helpful for you
IBS(Irritable Bowel Syndrome) Management Update-2021Pritom Das
Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
the presention about abdominal pain and it s different cause we talking briefly about medical and surgical causes
and the presention mainly about the vascular causes for abdominal pain
i hope its helpful for you
A case study on Pangastritis with pancreatitis martinshaji
this case study describes about Pangastritis with pancreatitis , which details about the treatment, management , diagnosis, patient counselling, pharmacist interventions & discussions are followed in this case .
please comment
thank u
martinsuja369@gmail.com
A case study on Pangastritis with pancreatitis martinshaji
this case study describes about Pangastritis with pancreatitis , which details about the treatment, management , diagnosis, patient counselling, pharmacist interventions & discussions are followed in this case .
please comment
thank u
martinsuja369@gmail.com
writes I have a good salary, am married, and have two children. My whole life I've been drawn to prescription and have always enjoyed it. However, I have a unattached in English literature, so I've always put it as unattainable to become a doctor. Now, once again, I'm bearing in mind doing one of the post bac premed programs out there and going for it.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. Incidence of GI/GU Disorders
Every year about 62 million people are
diagnosed with a gastrointestinal
disorder.
The incidence and prevalence of most
digestive diseases increase with age,
although there are exceptions.
3. Morbidity & Mortality of GI/GU
Disorders
In 1992, GI disorders cost nearly $107 billion
in direct health care expenditures.
Currently, GI disorders result in nearly 200
million sick days,
50 million visits to a physician,
16.9 million days lost from school,
10 million hospitalizations,
And nearly 200,000 deaths per year.
4. General Pathophysiology
General Risk Factors
Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Excessive Smoking
Increased Stress
Ingestion of Caustic Substances
Poor Bowel Habits
Emergencies
Acute emergencies usually arise from
chronic underlying problems.
5. Etiology of Pain
Inflammation
Foreign chemical
Bacterial contamination
Stimulation of nerve endings.
Irritation
Stretching, distention, bleeding
6. Visceral vs. Somatic
Visceral pain
Caused by stimulation of autonomic nerve
fibers that surround a hollow viscus
Cramping or gas type
Generally diffuse drill
Somatic pain
Produced by Bacterial or chemical irritation
of autonomic nerve
Guarding
Don’t want to move
Superficial
7. Solid Organs
Dull and steady in nature.
More localized.
Bleeding
Within capsule,
Rupture;
8. Hollow Organs
Colicky, crampy, dull, or gassy,
Typically intermittent.
Diffuse and poorly localized.
Path of a tube.
The place where the patient is
feeling the most pain may not be
the most tender on palpation.
9. Hollow Organs
Usually associated with
nausea,
vomiting,
tachycardia,
diaphoresis;
Bleeding
within the organ itself;
10. Referred Pain
Definition
Pain in area removed from tissue that caused
the pain
Caused by visceral fibers that synapse in the
spinal cord
Cause
same spinal segment,
skin has more receptors,
unable to distinguish,
12. General Assessment
Scene Size-up & Initial Assessment
Scene clues.
Identify and treat life-threatening
conditions.
Focused History & Physical Exam
Focused History
Obtain SAMPLE History.
Obtain OPQRST History.
Associated symptoms
Pertinent negatives
13. General Assessment
Physical Exam
General assessment and vital
signs
Abdominal assessment
Inspection, Auscultation, and
Palpation, Percussion
Cullen’s Sign: Discoloration
around the umbical area
Grey-Turner’s Sign:
Discoloration in the flank area
15. General Treatment
Maintain the airway.
Support breathing.
High-flow oxygen or assisted
ventilations.
Maintain circulation.
Monitor vital signs and cardiac
rhythm.
Establish IV access.
Transport in position of comfort.
22. Acute Gastroenteritis
Cause
Damage to Mucosal GI Surfaces
Pathologic inflammation causes
hemorrhage and erosion of the mucosal
and submucosal layers of the GI tract.
Risk Factors
Alcohol and tobacco use
Chemical ingestion
Systemic infections
23. Acute Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms
Rapid Onset of Severe Vomiting and
Diarrhea
Hematemesis, Hematochezia, Melena
Diffuse Abdominal Pain
Classic Signs of Shock
Treatment
Follow General Treatment Guidelines.
Fluid Volume Replacement.
Consider Administration of Antiemetics.
24. Peptic Ulcers
Pathophysiology
Erosions caused
by gastric acid.
Terminology based
on the portion of
tract affected.
Causes:
Alcohol/Tobacco Use
H. pylori
25. Peptic Ulcers
Signs & Symptoms
Abdominal Pain
Observe for signs of hemorrhagic
rupture.
Acute pain, hematemesis, melena
Treatment
Follow general treatment guidelines.
Consider administration of histamine
blockers and antacids.
26. Pathophysiology
Bleeding distal to the ligament of
Treitz
Causes
Diverticulosis
Colon lesions
Rectal lesions
Inflammatory bowel disorder
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
27. Signs & Symptoms
Determine acute vs. chronic.
Quantity/color of blood in stool.
Abdominal pain
Signs of shock.
Treatment
Follow general treatment guidelines.
Establish IV access with large-bore catheter(s).
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
28. Crohn’s Disease
Pathophysiology
Inflammatory bowel
disease, ? Autoimmune
etiology
Can affect the entire GI
tract.
Pathologic inflammation:
Damages mucosa.
Hypertrophy and fibrosis of
underlying muscle.
Fissures and fistulas.
29. Crohn’s Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Difficult to differentiate.
Clinical presentations vary drastically.
GI bleeding, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Abdominal pain/cramping, fever, weight
loss.
Treatment
Follow general treatment guidelines.
30. Diverticulitis
Pathophysiology
Inflammation of small
outpockets in the
mucosal lining of the
intestinal tract.
Common in the elderly.
Diverticulosis.
Signs & Symptoms
Abdominal
pain/tenderness.
Fever, nausea, vomiting.
Signs of lower GI
bleeding.
Treatment
General treatment
guidelines.
31. Hemorrhoids
Pathophysiology
Mass of swollen veins
in anus or rectum.
Idiopathic.
Signs & Symptoms
Limited bright red
bleeding and painful
stools.
Consider lower GI
bleeding.
Treatment
General treatment
guidelines.
38. Appendicitis
Pathophysiology
Inflammation of the vermiform
appendix.
Frequently affects older children
and young adults.
Lack of treatment can cause
rupture and subsequent
peritonitis.
39. Cholecystitis
Pathophysiology
Inflammation of the
Gallbladder
Cholelithiasis
Chronic
Cholecystitis
Bacterial infection
Acalculus
Cholecystitis
Burns, sepsis, diabetes
Multiple organ failure
40. Pancreatitis
Pathophysiology
Inflammation of the Pancreas
Classified as metabolic, mechanical, vascular, or
infectious based on cause.
Common causes include alcohol abuse, gallstones,
elevated serum lipids, or drugs.Viral Hepatitis
A viral inflammatory disease:
1. Hepatitis A Virus (HAV),
2. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV),
3. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) aka non-A, non-B hepatitis,
4. Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) only occurs in individuals
with HBV,
5. Hepatitis E Virus (HEV).
44. Inflammatory or Immune-
Mediated Disease
Infectious Disease
Physical Obstruction
Hemorrhage
General Mechanisms of
Nontraumatic Tissue Problems
45. Differentiating GI and Urologic
Complaints
Pathophysiologic Basis of Pain
Causes of Pain
Types of Pain
Visceral pain
Referred pain
General Pathophysiology,
Assessment and Management
46. Risk Factors
Older Patients
History of Diabetes
History of Hypertension
Multiple Risk Factors
Renal and Urologic Emergencies
Acute Renal Failure
Chronic Renal Failure
Renal Calculi
Urinary Tract Infection
Renal and Urologic Emergencies
47. Acute Renal Failure
Pathophysiology
Prerenal Acute Renal Failure
Dysfunction before the level of kidneys
Most common and most easily reversible
Renal Acute Renal Failure
Dysfunction within the kidneys
themselves
Postrenal Acute Renal Failure
Dysfunction distal to the kidneys
48. Acute Renal Failure
Assessment
Focused History
Change in urine output
Swelling in face, hands, feet, or
torso
Presence of heart palpitations or
irregularity
Changes in mental function
50. Acute Renal Failure
Physical
Assessment
Edema of face,
hands, or feet
Abdominal
findings
dependent on
the cause of
ARF
51. Renal Calculi
Pathophysiology
Results when “too
much insoluble
stuff”
accumulates in
the kidneys.
Stone types
Calcium salts
Struvite stones
Uric acid
Cystine
52. Renal Calculi
Assessment
Focused History
Severe pain in one flank that increases in
intensity and migrates from the flank to the
groin
Painful, frequent urination with visible
hematuria
Prior history of calculi
Physical Exam
Difficult due to patient discomfort
Tachycardia with pale, cool, and moist skin
53. Urinary Tract Infection
Pathophysiology
Risk Factors
Increased risk in female or catheterized
patients
Sexual activity
Lower and Upper UTIs
Urethritis
Cystitis
Prostatitis
Pyelonephritis
Community-acquired vs. nosocomial infections
54. Urinary Tract Infection
Assessment
Focused History
Abdominal pain
Frequent, painful urination
A “burning sensation” associated with
urination
Difficulty beginning and continuing to
void
Strong or foul-smelling urine
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