The document provides an overview of 4G technologies including WiMAX and LTE. It introduces Leonhard Korowajczuk who has over 40 years of experience in telecommunications and discusses CelPlan's expertise in wireless network design. The document outlines CelPlan's training courses on WiMAX, LTE, and wireless network design and discusses key aspects of deploying 4G networks, WiMAX, LTE, and their evolution over various standards releases.
LTE is basically a transition from 3G to 4G mobile networks. This report covers various aspects related to telecommunication sector, LTE basics, working and its applications. Apart from this it also includes technologies such as MIMO, FREQUENCY and TIME DUPLEXING etc.
This document provides an overview of LTE, LTE-A, and 4G mobile technologies. It explains that while LTE is often marketed as 4G, it does not fully meet the technical specifications for 4G set by the ITU. LTE-Advanced was developed to meet these specifications by achieving peak data rates of 1 Gbps download and 500 Mbps upload through the use of carrier aggregation and other enhancements to LTE. The document outlines some of the key technologies that enable LTE-Advanced, such as carrier aggregation, relays, and coordinated multipoint, and how they help LTE-Advanced achieve the goals of 4G networks including higher speeds, lower latency, and better coverage.
LTE Basic Guide _ Structure_Layers_Protocol stacks_LTE control channels senthil krishnan
LTE is a standard for wireless broadband communication that aims to provide faster data speeds and improved system capacity. It evolved from 3G UMTS standards developed by 3GPP. The main goals of LTE are to increase data rates, improve spectral efficiency, and reduce latency. LTE introduced new network architectures using IP-based backhaul between network nodes and evolved packet core (EPC) to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and quality of service. Key aspects of LTE include support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz, MIMO transmission, and both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes.
The document discusses eXplanoTech's technical training services for telecommunications technologies. It offers standard, customized, and bespoke courses. The standard courses cover topics such as LTE, LTE-A, 5G, and other wireless technologies. Customized courses allow clients to modify standard courses. Bespoke courses are entirely tailored to a client's specific needs and requirements.
Here are the key points about GPRS main concepts:
- GPRS uses packet switching rather than circuit switching, allowing variable bit rates rather than a fixed 9.6 kbps rate.
- Radio resources are shared statistically between users through dynamic allocation of timeslots. This allows optimization of resource usage.
- Variable coding schemes allow bit rates from 9 kbps up to over 150 kbps depending on radio conditions and number of timeslots allocated.
- Resources are only used when data is being sent, through the establishment of temporary block flows (TBFs).
- One timeslot can be shared by multiple MSs through time multiplexing controlled by the BSS.
- The transmission rate per radio resource is variable depending on channel quality
Prof. Andy Sutton: 5G RAN Architecture Evolution - Jan 20193G4G
This presentation explores the evolution of GSM, UMTS and LTE radio access network architectures before a detailed review of the RAN architecture options for 5G. The functional decomposition of the 5G radio access network presents the network designer with many challenges with regards placement of RU, DU and CU nodes, all of which are discussed. The presentation concludes with a review of BT UK plans for 5G launch with a fully distributed RAN in support of an EN-DC architecture.
Presented by Professor Andy Sutton CEng FIET, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, BT Technology at IET 5G - the Advent conference on 30 January 2019 | IET London: Savoy Place
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Understanding 5G: Perspectives on future technological advancements in mobilessk
This document discusses perspectives on 5G and its future technological advancements. There are currently two definitions of 5G - a service-led view that sees 5G as consolidating existing technologies to provide greater coverage/reliability, and a view driven by a step change in data speeds (>1Gbps) and latency (<1ms) requiring a true generational shift. Achieving sub-1ms latency across large networks presents a major technical challenge and will define 5G. At the same time, 4G networks will continue to evolve through technologies like NFV/SDN and increase adoption in many countries.
LTE is basically a transition from 3G to 4G mobile networks. This report covers various aspects related to telecommunication sector, LTE basics, working and its applications. Apart from this it also includes technologies such as MIMO, FREQUENCY and TIME DUPLEXING etc.
This document provides an overview of LTE, LTE-A, and 4G mobile technologies. It explains that while LTE is often marketed as 4G, it does not fully meet the technical specifications for 4G set by the ITU. LTE-Advanced was developed to meet these specifications by achieving peak data rates of 1 Gbps download and 500 Mbps upload through the use of carrier aggregation and other enhancements to LTE. The document outlines some of the key technologies that enable LTE-Advanced, such as carrier aggregation, relays, and coordinated multipoint, and how they help LTE-Advanced achieve the goals of 4G networks including higher speeds, lower latency, and better coverage.
LTE Basic Guide _ Structure_Layers_Protocol stacks_LTE control channels senthil krishnan
LTE is a standard for wireless broadband communication that aims to provide faster data speeds and improved system capacity. It evolved from 3G UMTS standards developed by 3GPP. The main goals of LTE are to increase data rates, improve spectral efficiency, and reduce latency. LTE introduced new network architectures using IP-based backhaul between network nodes and evolved packet core (EPC) to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and quality of service. Key aspects of LTE include support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz, MIMO transmission, and both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes.
The document discusses eXplanoTech's technical training services for telecommunications technologies. It offers standard, customized, and bespoke courses. The standard courses cover topics such as LTE, LTE-A, 5G, and other wireless technologies. Customized courses allow clients to modify standard courses. Bespoke courses are entirely tailored to a client's specific needs and requirements.
Here are the key points about GPRS main concepts:
- GPRS uses packet switching rather than circuit switching, allowing variable bit rates rather than a fixed 9.6 kbps rate.
- Radio resources are shared statistically between users through dynamic allocation of timeslots. This allows optimization of resource usage.
- Variable coding schemes allow bit rates from 9 kbps up to over 150 kbps depending on radio conditions and number of timeslots allocated.
- Resources are only used when data is being sent, through the establishment of temporary block flows (TBFs).
- One timeslot can be shared by multiple MSs through time multiplexing controlled by the BSS.
- The transmission rate per radio resource is variable depending on channel quality
Prof. Andy Sutton: 5G RAN Architecture Evolution - Jan 20193G4G
This presentation explores the evolution of GSM, UMTS and LTE radio access network architectures before a detailed review of the RAN architecture options for 5G. The functional decomposition of the 5G radio access network presents the network designer with many challenges with regards placement of RU, DU and CU nodes, all of which are discussed. The presentation concludes with a review of BT UK plans for 5G launch with a fully distributed RAN in support of an EN-DC architecture.
Presented by Professor Andy Sutton CEng FIET, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, BT Technology at IET 5G - the Advent conference on 30 January 2019 | IET London: Savoy Place
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Understanding 5G: Perspectives on future technological advancements in mobilessk
This document discusses perspectives on 5G and its future technological advancements. There are currently two definitions of 5G - a service-led view that sees 5G as consolidating existing technologies to provide greater coverage/reliability, and a view driven by a step change in data speeds (>1Gbps) and latency (<1ms) requiring a true generational shift. Achieving sub-1ms latency across large networks presents a major technical challenge and will define 5G. At the same time, 4G networks will continue to evolve through technologies like NFV/SDN and increase adoption in many countries.
Objective is to include the brief insight on 5G network architecture and standard progress, Accumulated it from different paper/journal, vendor’s white paper and different blog.
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It discusses that LTE was developed to meet increasing demands for wireless data and information by optimizing wireless communication technology. Key points of LTE include using OFDM and MIMO to improve data transmission capacity and speed over wireless networks. The long-term goal of LTE was to simplify the network architecture and make it IP-based. The document also provides contact information for C&T RF Antennas Inc.
The document discusses 5G radio access network (RAN) fundamentals and architectures. It describes how the RAN has evolved from previous generations with more distributed and virtualized architectures in 5G. Key aspects of 5G RAN covered include centralized/virtualized RAN, Open RAN specifications, functional splits, and new concepts like network slicing and multi-access edge computing. Example use cases are also mentioned.
Ultra-Reliable Networks – A Mobile Operator Perspective3G4G
The document discusses the characteristics of an ultra-reliable mobile network. It states that an ultra-reliable network should provide near 100% population coverage, close to 100% geographical coverage, and over 99.99% reliability. It also discusses using multiple technologies like LTE, WiFi, LAA, and device-to-device communication to provide seamless coverage with availability close to 100% and data drops close to 0%. The document outlines EE's plans to build such an ultra-reliable network in the UK through investments in backup power, resilient transmission, emergency response vehicles, and new technologies from 3GPP to improve security, quality of service, and reliability.
This document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for monitoring base station subsystems in EGPRS networks. It introduces EGPRS technology and defines KPI groups for traffic, availability, accessibility, and quality. Laboratory measurements were conducted to examine which BSS KPIs best reflect network performance and end-user experience by comparing application throughput to KPI values. The results showed that RLC throughput accurately described FTP throughput under different radio conditions. Multiple KPIs should be used to analyze radio link quality as one KPI cannot fully capture end-user experience.
White Paper: Dynamic TDD for LTE-a (eIMTA) and 5GEiko Seidel
LTE, which was originally designed with fixed FDD or TDD modes with little flexibility for varying the capacity split between uplink and downlink, is being augmented with features that allow for more flexible use of radio resources. One of these features is “enhanced Interference Mitigation and Traffic Adaptation” (eIMTA) which notably allows for very dynamic adaptation of the TDD pattern e.g. in response to varying capacity requirements in uplink and downlink. eIMTA was standardized in LTE-A Release 12 and eIMTA-like functionality is considered to be one of the key enablers for 5G technologies. The purpose of this paper therefore is to shed some light on eIMTA, its main characteristics and capabilities and to illustrate its behaviour by means of system-level simulations.
This document discusses small cells and Wi-Fi integration into the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. It provides an introduction to small cells and their need due to increasing data usage. It describes heterogeneous networks (HetNets) which incorporate small cells and different radio access technologies. The document outlines the EPC network architecture and components. It then discusses small cells in more detail including their standardization, logical architecture, and LTE deployment options. The document covers Wi-Fi including standards, integration into EPC using various methods, and the Hotspot 2.0 specification. It discusses seamless connectivity between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks and provides a conclusion on the roles of small cells and Wi-Fi
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
This document provides an overview of millimeter wave (mmWave) communications for 5G wireless networks, with a focus on propagation models. It discusses key concepts of 5G including the use of mmWave spectrum to provide multi-Gbps data rates. The document compares propagation parameters and channel models from various standardization bodies in the 0.5-100 GHz range. It summarizes recent work on measurements and models of path loss, penetration loss, and more for 5G mmWave channels across different scenarios.
Keynote Address: Critical communications standards supporting a multi-vendor ...3G4G
Presented by Adrian Scrase, CTO, ETSI & Head of MCC, 3GPP at CCE 2019
Abstract:
The Critical Communications community has engaged in standardisation activities to ensure that their evolution path is supported by a multi-vendor and interoperable environment. This engagement is a long term commitment and involves participation in a number of different standardisation bodies. The primary focus for this work however lies within both ETSI and the Partnership Project 3GPP and so it is appropriate for this keynote address to focus on the progress made within those bodies in delivering critical communications standards. This address will also look into the future and assess the extent to which 5G will play a role in serving Critical Communication needs.
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Presentation by Kevin Smith, Vodafone & Chair ETSI NGP (Next Generation Protocols) at the URLLC 2017 conference on Nov. 14, 2017.
*** Shared with Permission ***
The history of synchronisation in digital cellular networks3G4G
Presented by Prof. Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect within BT Architecture and Strategy team in the CW (Cambridge Wireless) Heritage SIG (#CWHeritage) event 'Time for Telecoms' on 16 March 2018 at the Science Museum, London.
*** Shared with Permission ***
Beginners: Different Types of RAN Architectures - Distributed, Centralized & ...3G4G
In this basic tutorial we look at different types of RAN architectures that are always being discussed. We start with the Distributed RAN (D-RAN) and then look at Centralized and Cloud RAN (both referred to as C-RAN) architectures. We also quickly look at RAN functional splits for 5G and then tie this all together.
We also look at how Samsung and Nokia discuss these architectures in the context of 5G.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
MODELING, IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MOBILITY LOAD BALANCING ...IJCNCJournal
We propose in this paper a simulation implementation of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) optimization
related to mobility load balancing (MLB) for LTE systems using ns-3 [1]. The implementation is achieved
toward two MLB algorithms dynamically adjusting handover (HO) parameters based on the Reference
Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements. Such adjustments are done with respect to loads of both an
overloaded cell and its cells’ neighbours having enough available resources enabling to achieve load
balancing. Numerical investigations through selected key performance indicators (KPIs) of the proposed
MLB algorithms when compared with another HO algorithm (already implemented in ns-3) based on A3
event [2] highlight the significant MLB gains provided in terms global network throughput, packet loss rate
and the number of successful HO without incurring significant overhead.
This document discusses fast dormancy, which aims to improve battery life in smartphones by more quickly moving devices from high-power to low-power radio resource control states after brief data transactions. It provides background on different RRC states and how fast dormancy addresses issues caused by frequent small data transactions from applications. The document reviews the standardization of fast dormancy in 3GPP Release 8 and discusses best practices for implementations to balance battery life and network signaling load.
This document summarizes a dissertation on MIMO OFDM for wireless LANs. It begins with an introduction to the topic and outlines the goals and contributions of the dissertation. It then provides 3 sentences summarizing each of the main chapters:
1. A physical interpretation of MIMO transmissions is given and channel estimation errors are discussed.
2. A generic wideband indoor MIMO channel model is proposed including spatial correlation, and a simple spatial correlation model is presented.
3. Performance and complexity of different narrowband SDM algorithms are evaluated for various conditions, and it is shown that MLD outperforms others but with the highest complexity.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a cellular network standard that provides significantly faster download and upload speeds compared to previous 3G technologies. LTE aims to provide download speeds up to 150 Mbps and upload speeds up to 50 Mbps. It uses an all-IP network architecture and aims to seamlessly integrate with existing 2G and 3G cellular networks. The key components of LTE's protocol stack include the Physical layer, Medium Access Control layer, Radio Link Control layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer, and Radio Resource Control layer.
I AM SUDANESE,MASTER OF TELECOM FROM SUDAN UNEVERSITY ,THIS IS MY DOCUMENT I INVESTIGATE IN LTE WITH MORE THAN 50 REFERENCE , GOD BLESS US ,PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ASK ABOUT ANY THING IN THIS TOPIC
MY EMAIL khalidaam2015@hotmail,khalidaa@sudatel.sd
دعواتكم لى وللوالدين ولاهلى , الحمد لله فبنعمته تتم الصالحات اللهم احفظ الدول الاسلامية من كل كيد واغدق عليهم الرخاء
The document discusses 5G NR RRC inactive state. It begins by introducing the NR RRC states of CONNECTED, IDLE, and INACTIVE. It then references 3GPP specifications that define the inactive state and its establishment and release.
This document is a student guide for a Qualcomm training course on Long Term Evolution (LTE/FDD) Fundamentals. It provides an outline of the course, which covers the evolution of 3GPP networks, the key aspects and performance targets of LTE, the LTE network architecture including E-UTRAN and EPC, and the protocol layers of E-UTRAN. It also defines various 3GPP terminology and lists many common LTE acronyms.
Objective is to include the brief insight on 5G network architecture and standard progress, Accumulated it from different paper/journal, vendor’s white paper and different blog.
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It discusses that LTE was developed to meet increasing demands for wireless data and information by optimizing wireless communication technology. Key points of LTE include using OFDM and MIMO to improve data transmission capacity and speed over wireless networks. The long-term goal of LTE was to simplify the network architecture and make it IP-based. The document also provides contact information for C&T RF Antennas Inc.
The document discusses 5G radio access network (RAN) fundamentals and architectures. It describes how the RAN has evolved from previous generations with more distributed and virtualized architectures in 5G. Key aspects of 5G RAN covered include centralized/virtualized RAN, Open RAN specifications, functional splits, and new concepts like network slicing and multi-access edge computing. Example use cases are also mentioned.
Ultra-Reliable Networks – A Mobile Operator Perspective3G4G
The document discusses the characteristics of an ultra-reliable mobile network. It states that an ultra-reliable network should provide near 100% population coverage, close to 100% geographical coverage, and over 99.99% reliability. It also discusses using multiple technologies like LTE, WiFi, LAA, and device-to-device communication to provide seamless coverage with availability close to 100% and data drops close to 0%. The document outlines EE's plans to build such an ultra-reliable network in the UK through investments in backup power, resilient transmission, emergency response vehicles, and new technologies from 3GPP to improve security, quality of service, and reliability.
This document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for monitoring base station subsystems in EGPRS networks. It introduces EGPRS technology and defines KPI groups for traffic, availability, accessibility, and quality. Laboratory measurements were conducted to examine which BSS KPIs best reflect network performance and end-user experience by comparing application throughput to KPI values. The results showed that RLC throughput accurately described FTP throughput under different radio conditions. Multiple KPIs should be used to analyze radio link quality as one KPI cannot fully capture end-user experience.
White Paper: Dynamic TDD for LTE-a (eIMTA) and 5GEiko Seidel
LTE, which was originally designed with fixed FDD or TDD modes with little flexibility for varying the capacity split between uplink and downlink, is being augmented with features that allow for more flexible use of radio resources. One of these features is “enhanced Interference Mitigation and Traffic Adaptation” (eIMTA) which notably allows for very dynamic adaptation of the TDD pattern e.g. in response to varying capacity requirements in uplink and downlink. eIMTA was standardized in LTE-A Release 12 and eIMTA-like functionality is considered to be one of the key enablers for 5G technologies. The purpose of this paper therefore is to shed some light on eIMTA, its main characteristics and capabilities and to illustrate its behaviour by means of system-level simulations.
This document discusses small cells and Wi-Fi integration into the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. It provides an introduction to small cells and their need due to increasing data usage. It describes heterogeneous networks (HetNets) which incorporate small cells and different radio access technologies. The document outlines the EPC network architecture and components. It then discusses small cells in more detail including their standardization, logical architecture, and LTE deployment options. The document covers Wi-Fi including standards, integration into EPC using various methods, and the Hotspot 2.0 specification. It discusses seamless connectivity between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks and provides a conclusion on the roles of small cells and Wi-Fi
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
This document provides an overview of millimeter wave (mmWave) communications for 5G wireless networks, with a focus on propagation models. It discusses key concepts of 5G including the use of mmWave spectrum to provide multi-Gbps data rates. The document compares propagation parameters and channel models from various standardization bodies in the 0.5-100 GHz range. It summarizes recent work on measurements and models of path loss, penetration loss, and more for 5G mmWave channels across different scenarios.
Keynote Address: Critical communications standards supporting a multi-vendor ...3G4G
Presented by Adrian Scrase, CTO, ETSI & Head of MCC, 3GPP at CCE 2019
Abstract:
The Critical Communications community has engaged in standardisation activities to ensure that their evolution path is supported by a multi-vendor and interoperable environment. This engagement is a long term commitment and involves participation in a number of different standardisation bodies. The primary focus for this work however lies within both ETSI and the Partnership Project 3GPP and so it is appropriate for this keynote address to focus on the progress made within those bodies in delivering critical communications standards. This address will also look into the future and assess the extent to which 5G will play a role in serving Critical Communication needs.
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Presentation by Kevin Smith, Vodafone & Chair ETSI NGP (Next Generation Protocols) at the URLLC 2017 conference on Nov. 14, 2017.
*** Shared with Permission ***
The history of synchronisation in digital cellular networks3G4G
Presented by Prof. Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect within BT Architecture and Strategy team in the CW (Cambridge Wireless) Heritage SIG (#CWHeritage) event 'Time for Telecoms' on 16 March 2018 at the Science Museum, London.
*** Shared with Permission ***
Beginners: Different Types of RAN Architectures - Distributed, Centralized & ...3G4G
In this basic tutorial we look at different types of RAN architectures that are always being discussed. We start with the Distributed RAN (D-RAN) and then look at Centralized and Cloud RAN (both referred to as C-RAN) architectures. We also quickly look at RAN functional splits for 5G and then tie this all together.
We also look at how Samsung and Nokia discuss these architectures in the context of 5G.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
MODELING, IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MOBILITY LOAD BALANCING ...IJCNCJournal
We propose in this paper a simulation implementation of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) optimization
related to mobility load balancing (MLB) for LTE systems using ns-3 [1]. The implementation is achieved
toward two MLB algorithms dynamically adjusting handover (HO) parameters based on the Reference
Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements. Such adjustments are done with respect to loads of both an
overloaded cell and its cells’ neighbours having enough available resources enabling to achieve load
balancing. Numerical investigations through selected key performance indicators (KPIs) of the proposed
MLB algorithms when compared with another HO algorithm (already implemented in ns-3) based on A3
event [2] highlight the significant MLB gains provided in terms global network throughput, packet loss rate
and the number of successful HO without incurring significant overhead.
This document discusses fast dormancy, which aims to improve battery life in smartphones by more quickly moving devices from high-power to low-power radio resource control states after brief data transactions. It provides background on different RRC states and how fast dormancy addresses issues caused by frequent small data transactions from applications. The document reviews the standardization of fast dormancy in 3GPP Release 8 and discusses best practices for implementations to balance battery life and network signaling load.
This document summarizes a dissertation on MIMO OFDM for wireless LANs. It begins with an introduction to the topic and outlines the goals and contributions of the dissertation. It then provides 3 sentences summarizing each of the main chapters:
1. A physical interpretation of MIMO transmissions is given and channel estimation errors are discussed.
2. A generic wideband indoor MIMO channel model is proposed including spatial correlation, and a simple spatial correlation model is presented.
3. Performance and complexity of different narrowband SDM algorithms are evaluated for various conditions, and it is shown that MLD outperforms others but with the highest complexity.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a cellular network standard that provides significantly faster download and upload speeds compared to previous 3G technologies. LTE aims to provide download speeds up to 150 Mbps and upload speeds up to 50 Mbps. It uses an all-IP network architecture and aims to seamlessly integrate with existing 2G and 3G cellular networks. The key components of LTE's protocol stack include the Physical layer, Medium Access Control layer, Radio Link Control layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer, and Radio Resource Control layer.
I AM SUDANESE,MASTER OF TELECOM FROM SUDAN UNEVERSITY ,THIS IS MY DOCUMENT I INVESTIGATE IN LTE WITH MORE THAN 50 REFERENCE , GOD BLESS US ,PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ASK ABOUT ANY THING IN THIS TOPIC
MY EMAIL khalidaam2015@hotmail,khalidaa@sudatel.sd
دعواتكم لى وللوالدين ولاهلى , الحمد لله فبنعمته تتم الصالحات اللهم احفظ الدول الاسلامية من كل كيد واغدق عليهم الرخاء
The document discusses 5G NR RRC inactive state. It begins by introducing the NR RRC states of CONNECTED, IDLE, and INACTIVE. It then references 3GPP specifications that define the inactive state and its establishment and release.
This document is a student guide for a Qualcomm training course on Long Term Evolution (LTE/FDD) Fundamentals. It provides an outline of the course, which covers the evolution of 3GPP networks, the key aspects and performance targets of LTE, the LTE network architecture including E-UTRAN and EPC, and the protocol layers of E-UTRAN. It also defines various 3GPP terminology and lists many common LTE acronyms.
LTE, WiMAX, and HSPA+ are 4G wireless technologies being evaluated. LTE was recommended due to higher data rates, lower latency, compatibility with existing standards, and more efficient battery life. Risks include LTE becoming outdated and lack of interoperability with WiMAX. An LTE trial was proposed to evaluate vendors before potential installation within 24 weeks.
The physical layer of 5G will differ significantly from 4G LTE in several ways to improve spectral efficiency and data rates. It will utilize a much larger number of active antennas and antenna arrays to support beamforming and millimeter wave signals. New modulation and coding schemes, components for power amplification and noise reduction, and channel models need to be developed. The 5G physical layer protocol stack separates the layer into PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and SDAP layers to handle functions like error correction, scheduling, security, and QoS flow mapping between layers.
The document compares LTE and WiMAX technologies. It discusses their evolution from earlier standards to 4G versions (LTE-Advanced and WiMAX 2.0). While technically similar, some key differences that gave LTE an advantage included LTE's shorter frame duration which enabled lower latency, as well as its earlier standardization and broader operator support. Looking forward, WiMAX plans to integrate with LTE in a heterogeneous network approach, as LTE has become the dominant 4G standard.
LTE and Satellite: Solutions for Rural and Public Safety NetworkingSmall Cell Forum
This document discusses using LTE and satellite solutions for rural and public safety networking. It provides an overview of why LTE is better than 3G for rural areas due to its wider coverage using low frequency spectrum and consistent backhaul technology. LTE is also driving adoption for public safety needs due to requirements for data, uplink speeds, ubiquitous coverage, and satellite backup. The document then summarizes iDirect's SatHaul solution for optimizing LTE over satellite backhaul through features that improve user experience and bandwidth efficiency while maintaining security and compliance with 3GPP standards.
The document discusses the challenges of increasing mobile broadband usage and the need for LTE and small cell solutions. It describes how mobile data usage is doubling every 9 months, driven by new internet-enabled devices and content. LTE and femtocells can help meet this exponential growth in bandwidth demand by providing significantly higher data rates and network offloading capabilities. Femtocells in particular deliver cost-effective indoor coverage and capacity by leveraging consumer broadband connections.
OIF's Network Operator Working Group Chair Junjie Li spoke on delivering 400ZR, FlexE, and 112Gbps electrical to the datacom/telecom industry on September 4, 2019 during CIOE(China International Optoelectronic Exposition) event?
#400ZR #FlexE #112G #datacom #telecom #interoperability
This document provides an overview of global trends in mobile data usage and LTE technology. It discusses how mobile data is overtaking fixed broadband growth. It also summarizes that LTE aims to provide improved mobile broadband through increased spectral efficiency and simplified network design. Key LTE technologies include OFDMA for downlinks and SC-FDMA for uplinks, as well as support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz. The document compares LTE to 3G technologies and outlines the evolving 3GPP system architecture. Potential LTE applications and current deployment status globally are also summarized.
CIC provides professional services to help companies locate fiber, design microwave networks, simplify Ethernet deployment, and perform financial analysis for broadband and backhaul projects. Their solutions include centralized fiber databases, automated microwave design software, tools to integrate fixed and wireless networks, and financial models. CIC has experience with over 16,000 sites across 65 markets for wireless carriers and has the engineering and installation capacity for thousands of sites per year.
Introduction Videos about LTE AP Pro
Overview on LTE and 4.5 G Evolution Around the World
LTE Advance Pro: Enhancements
LTE Advance Pro: New Use Cases
Case Study: Turkey’s Mobile Operators Evolution towards 4.5 G
Summary of LTE Advance Pro
MATLAB Simulation: 2D Beamforming algorithms (LMS, NLMS RLS and CM)
References
LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE that aims to meet or exceed the requirements for 4G networks set by the ITU. It is being developed by 3GPP and will utilize wider bandwidths through carrier aggregation and advanced antenna technologies to achieve higher data rates and spectral efficiency than LTE. The specifications are targeted to be frozen by March 2011, with the first deployments expected in the years following completion of LTE specifications and testing.
This document summarizes an LTE workshop held in September 2015. The workshop agenda included 5 sessions on introducing LTE features and objectives, LTE architecture and components, technical aspects of LTE, the continual evolution of LTE, and new services and experiences. Session 1 introduced the evolution of mobile technologies and growing mobile data traffic. It also covered LTE features, objectives, frequency bands, and device availability.
Femtocells provide an essential solution for improving mobile broadband coverage, capacity and reducing churn. They leverage a user's fixed broadband to provide indoor cellular coverage through a small home base station. Femtocell solutions involve femtocell access points and gateways to extend coverage from the macro network and offload traffic using the user's broadband backhaul. Trillium provides protocol software and reference applications to power femtocell solutions for both 3G and LTE networks.
The document discusses the transition from 3G to LTE networks. It notes that data usage is growing significantly, placing pressure on networks. LTE aims to address this through a flat IP-based architecture, improved spectral efficiency from technologies like OFDMA and MIMO, and scalable bandwidth deployment. This will allow higher throughput and lower latency comparable to DSL, helping support new multimedia services and enriched user experiences with seamless connectivity at high speeds. Network operators can benefit from reduced costs per megabyte of traffic and a simpler architecture allowing flat-rate pricing plans.
The document discusses the upcoming 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard. It provides an overview of key 802.11ac features such as wider 80MHz and 160MHz channels, 256-QAM modulation, support for up to 8 spatial streams, and multi-user MIMO. These enhancements are expected to provide over 10 times the throughput of 802.11n and enable new high-bandwidth applications. The standard is being developed by the IEEE with certification from the Wi-Fi Alliance expected in early 2013.
The document summarizes the development of the IEEE 802.11n standard for wireless LAN technology. It describes how the standard was developed through a working group process that included initial discussions, the formation of study groups to determine scope, and a task group that evaluated proposals and drafted the standard. Key technologies included in the 802.11n standard are MIMO and 40MHz bandwidth to increase data rates to over 100Mbps and the use of frame aggregation to enhance MAC throughput. Lessons learned from the development process included the need to limit new features and narrow the scope of amendments to speed up time to market.
BIEL has successfully launched an LTE network in Bangladesh, becoming one of the first to deploy a large-scale WiMAX network in 2007. It now covers major areas of Dhaka with LTE. LTE uses improved radio interfaces and core networks compared to previous technologies to increase network capacity and speed. LTE can provide download speeds up to 100Mbps and upload speeds up to 50Mbps. BIEL complied with all requirements to obtain a license allowing them to provide LTE services in Bangladesh.
WC and LTE 4G module 1- 2019 by Prof. Suresha VSURESHA V
1. The document discusses the evolution of cellular technologies from 1G to 5G. Key technologies enabling LTE's 4G capabilities included OFDM, which overcomes multipath interference using orthogonal subcarriers. OFDM also provides frequency diversity and enables efficient multi-user access schemes like OFDMA.
2. The module covers wireless fundamentals and key LTE enablers. Chapter 1 discusses cellular evolution and LTE network architecture. Chapter 2 covers cellular concepts, broadband wireless channels, fading, and techniques to mitigate it.
3. OFDM was chosen for LTE due to its ability to handle multipath interference elegantly and exploit frequency diversity. It also allows for scalable bandwidth and efficient multi-access
Ramotar Prasad Sahoo presented on 10 Gigabit Ethernet technology. The presentation discussed the history and development of 10 Gigabit Ethernet, its standards and architectures, and its applications in local, metropolitan, wide and storage area networks. It also covered fiber optic implementations and the future of 10 Gigabit Ethernet technology.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.