a case presentation on Acute bronchopneumonia
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A 5-year-old female patient presented with fever, vomiting, cough with mucus, and breathing difficulty for 3 days. She was diagnosed with bronchopneumonia based on chest X-ray findings, physical exam, and sputum culture identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae. Her symptoms were treated with antipyretics, bronchodilators, antibiotics, IV fluids and other supportive care. Her condition improved and she was discharged with oral medications and advice on prevention.
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Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung
affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as
alveoli.
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in the United States.
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manifestations are most severe in the very young, the
elderly, and the chronically ill.
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A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that occurs anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Here's a detailed explanation of urinary tract infections in four steps:
Cause and Risk Factors: UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) which is found in the digestive system. However, other bacteria such as Klebsiella and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs. UTIs can occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Risk factors for developing UTIs include:
Female anatomy: Women have a shorter urethra than men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Sexual activity: Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
Certain types of birth control: Diaphragms and spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
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Urinary tract abnormalities: Conditions such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can obstruct the flow of urine, increasing the risk of UTIs.
Symptoms: The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. Common symptoms include:
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Blood in the urine (hematuria)
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Symptoms of a UTI in the elderly or individuals with weakened immune systems may be less specific and may include confusion or agitation.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of a UTI typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A urine sample may be collected to test for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other indicators of infection. In some cases, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics are most effective for treatment. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be ordered if there is suspicion of complications such as kidney infection or urinary tract obstruction.
Treatment and Prevention: Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the specific bacteria involved, and any underlying health conditions. In addition to antibiotic therapy, drinking plenty of fluids and urinating frequently can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Preventive measures for UTIs include:
Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
Urinating soon after sexual intercourse
Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
Avoiding the use of irritating feminine products or douches
Taking showers instead of baths
Cranberry products may help prevent recurrent UTIs in some individuals by preventing bacteria from adhering to the uti
case study on urinary tract infection.pptx
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that occurs anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Here's a detailed explanation of urinary tract infections in four steps:
Cause and Risk Factors: UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) which is found in the digestive system. However, other bacteria such as Klebsiella and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs. UTIs can occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Risk factors for developing UTIs include:
Female anatomy: Women have a shorter urethra than men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Sexual activity: Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
Certain types of birth control: Diaphragms and spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
Menopause: Decreased estrogen levels can lead to changes in the urinary tract that increase susceptibility to infections.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Conditions such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can obstruct the flow of urine, increasing the risk of UTIs.
Symptoms: The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. Common symptoms include:
Pain or burning sensation during urination (dysuria)
Frequent urination
Urgency to urinate
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Pelvic pain in women
Rectal pain in men
Symptoms of a UTI in the elderly or individuals with weakened immune systems may be less specific and may include confusion or agitation.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of a UTI typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A urine sample may be collected to test for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other indicators of infection. In some cases, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics are most effective for treatment. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be ordered if there is suspicion of complications such as kidney infection or urinary tract obstruction.
Treatment and Prevention: Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the specific bacteria involved, and any underlying health conditions. In addition to antibiotic therapy, drinking plenty of fluids and urinating frequently can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Preventive measures for UTIs include:
Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
Urinating soon after sexual intercourse
Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
Avoiding the use of irritating feminine products or douches
Taking showers instead of baths
Cranberry products may help prevent recurrent UTIs in some individuals by preventing bacteria from adhering to the uti
LILA NEUPANE.docx
The patient, a 37-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital with fever, vomiting, and warning signs of dengue fever and was diagnosed with dengue fever. She was treated with IV fluids, medications, and supportive care and her condition stabilized, so she was discharged with advice to follow up in 2 days and drink plenty of fluids.
A CASE PRESENTATION ON GERD ( GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE)
This document presents a case study of a 60-year-old male patient admitted to the hospital with abdominal discomfort for 10 days and a history of bronchial asthma and GERD. Examination findings and investigation reports are provided. The patient is assessed and diagnosed with bronchial asthma and GERD. A drug chart outlines the treatment plan and discharge summary is presented advising the patient to continue medications and make lifestyle modifications. The case study concludes with a discussion of monitoring parameters, pharmacist interventions, and patient counseling on drug therapy and disease and lifestyle management.
EProblem Oriented Medical Record Patient
Mrs. O is a 63-year-old female admitted with a history of cough, sputum, weight loss, and immobility since a stroke. She has a history of tuberculosis, drug-induced liver injury, and hypertension. On examination, she has decreased breath sounds and enlarged lymph nodes. Tests show anemia and acute kidney injury. She is being treated for lung TB, hypertension, liver injury, and her comorbidities while undergoing further testing and evaluation.
Case presentation on Cerebrovascular accident (Stroke)
This document presents a case report of a 76-year-old male patient admitted to the neurology department with complaints of forgetting, left hand weakness, slurred speech, and incontinence. The patient has a history of hypertension, previous cerebrovascular accident, and fall from bed. Examination and investigations including MRI and angiogram confirmed the diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident. The patient was treated with medications like citicoline, levetiracetam, atorvastatin, and aspirin. His condition improved and he was discharged with advice on medications and lifestyle modifications to prevent further strokes.
Case presentation on abdominal migraine
adominal migraine. Treatment for abdominal migraine is based on NICE guidelines and is found to be appropriate for the patient.
Based on the guidelines, treatment should include an triptans or NSAID based on the condition of the patient along with an antiemetic drug if vomiting. Symptomatic treatment should be given along with these drugs.
But opioids should not be given for paediatric patient according to NICE guidelines and FDA- label
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If Anyone need this they can contact me via
dr.m.bharathkumar@gmail.comCare conference urti
This document provides information on the nursing care of a 26-year-old male patient diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) caused by influenza B. It includes the patient's medical history, symptoms, vital signs, laboratory and diagnostic test results. Nursing interventions focused on monitoring the patient's temperature and breathing pattern, providing comfort measures, ensuring hydration and administering medications to reduce fever and cough as ordered. The goals of care were to return the patient's temperature and breathing to normal ranges.
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This document summarizes a clinical case presented by Dr. Aklima involving a 9-month-old male patient admitted with respiratory distress, cessation of urination, diarrhea and vomiting. On examination, the patient was found to be dehydrated with low blood pressure and oxygen levels. Laboratory tests showed signs of anemia, thrombocytopenia, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis. The patient was diagnosed with acute watery diarrhea with severe dehydration, hypovolemic shock, acute kidney injury, hypernatremia, metabolic acidosis, and sepsis. Management involved fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, bicarbonate and calcium supplements. Follow up included monitoring vitals and watching for rash
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This case presentation describes a 33-year-old woman who recently traveled to India and presented with fever, headache, cough, vomiting and diarrhea. Differential diagnoses included typhoid, malaria, dengue and other infections. Laboratory tests found Salmonella paratyphi A in her blood culture, confirming typhoid fever. She was treated intravenously with antibiotics and her symptoms improved over 6 days. Typhoid is caused by Salmonella bacteria and spreads through contaminated food or water. It can range from mild to severe illness with complications such as bleeding, pneumonia and death. Diagnosis is made by isolating the bacteria from blood, stool or bone marrow cultures. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care, while prevention relies on sanitation
A Case presentation on right upper lobe pneumonia and b/l renal calculi
- The patient presented with fever, cough with yellow expectoration, and shortness of breath for 10 days. Chest X-ray revealed right upper lobe pneumonia.
- Physical exam and lab results also indicated bilateral renal calculi, with symptoms of flank pain and decreased urine output.
- The patient was diagnosed with right upper lobe pneumonia and bilateral renal calculi. Treatment included antibiotics, diuretics, and medications to control blood pressure and normalize kidney function.
Severe asthma update and case discussion 20200603
This document discusses two cases of severe asthma. The first case is a 48-year-old woman with a mixed asthma phenotype who presented with acute respiratory failure. She was treated with high-dose corticosteroids and Xolair, which improved her symptoms and lung function. The second case is a 35-year-old woman diagnosed with eosinophilic pneumonia and asthma exacerbation. Her workup showed very high eosinophil counts. Both patients were treated with inhaled corticosteroids and monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin-5 (IL-5).
Case presentation on STROKE
This document summarizes the case of a 44-year-old male patient admitted to the hospital with seizures, vomiting, decreased appetite, and weakness in his limbs. Lab results found increased creatinine, BUN, and decreased chloride levels. A CT scan found no abnormalities in the brain but soft tissue swelling in the frontal region. Based on the subjective and objective patient data, the patient was diagnosed with a cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, and stage 4 chronic kidney disease. The treatment plan focused on rehabilitation, medication, monitoring the patient's condition, and counseling on lifestyle changes and managing the disease.
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A CASE PRESENTATION ON GERD ( GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE)
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LIVER CIRRHOSIS
A 75-year-old male with a history of cirrhosis and portal hypertension was admitted with complaints of loose stools and abdominal pain and distension. Laboratory tests confirmed renal failure, ascites, and esophageal varices. He was diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver at Child class B with a MELD score of 19 and treated with diuretics, antibiotics, lactulose, and other medications. The patient was educated on diet, medication adherence, and signs requiring emergency care.
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1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
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a case presentation on Acute bronchopneumonia
- 2. A CASE PRESENTATION ON ACUTE BRONCHOPNUEMONIA SUBMITTED BY, ANVY THANKACHAN PHARM -D 2nd YEAR REGNO.:142820474
- 3. A 5 Years old female patient admitted in the hospital with complaints of Fever, Vomiting, Cough(with mucus), & Breathing difficulty for 3 days
- 4. SUBJECTIVE
- 5. Patient name : Ms. X Age : 5 yrs Sex : F Weight: 20 kg Dept. : PEADEATRIC IP No: k-8845 DOA :30/01/16 DOD : 5/02/16
- 6. Past medical history: Not known Past medication history: Not known History Present illness : Fever , Vomiting , Cough & Breathing difficulty
- 7. OBJECTIVE
- 8. VITAL SIGNS DATE 30/1/16 31/1/16 1/2/16 2/2/16 3/2/16 4/2/16 TEMP. 100.2 F 100.1 F 100F 99.5 F 99F 98.5 F
- 9. Investigation Chart DATE Albumin Trace Sugar Nil Micro pus cells 2-3 Hb 12.1 gm% TC 62500cell/mm DC P-56%,L-64%,E-3% ESR 35mm/ hr CRP(+VE) 40.9mg/L 30/1/16
- 10. DIAGNOSIS
- 11. Chest X-Ray : patchy consolidation in the bases of lungs Physical Examination : Crackling sound Wheezing CBC : ESR increased Leukocyte count increased CRP count increased Sputum Culture : identified causative agent is Streptococcus pneumoniae
- 12. ASSESSMENT
- 13. BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
- 14. Pneumonia is an inflamation of the Lung Parenchyma .
- 15. Leading cause of death in children in the developing world Pneumonia is the highest in children under 5 years of age
- 16. CLASSIFICATION Classified based on 2 Types 1) TYPE : 1 a) LOBAR PNEUMONIA b) BRONCHOPNEUMONIA 2) TYPE:2 a) COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA b) HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
- 17. BRONCHOPNEUMONIA Infection of the terminal Bronchioles that extends in to the surrounding alevoli resulting in Patchy consolidation of the lung
- 21. Signs & Symptoms
- 22. Tachypnea
- 23. Nasal Flaring : With inspiration,the side of the nostrils flares outwards Head ache
- 24. Pathophysiology
- 25. Risk Factors
- 26. Risk Factors
- 27. Complications Sepsis Lung Abscess Pleural thickening Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pneumothorax
- 28. PLAN
- 29. Therapeutic Goal To Relieve Cough To Reduce Body Temperature To Keep the child breathe easier. Keep the child’s air passages moist and better, able to get rid of offending organism
- 30. Standard Medications Antiviral Therapy: Zanamivir, Amatadine Antipyretics : Paracetamol Bronchodilator : Salbutamol Oxygen Therapy Intravenous fluids : to correct dehydration eg: Isolyte p Expectorant/antitussives: Dextromethorphan Antihistamines : Cetirizine Decongestants : Phenylephrine
- 32. Treatment Plan no TRADE NAME DOSE 30/1/16 31/1/ 1/2/16 2/2/16 3/2/ 4/2/ 1 INJ.p.mol 2cc IV Stat & sos + + + + - - 2 INJ.PERISET2mg IV Stat& sos + + + - - - 3 IVF ISOLYTE P - + + + - - - 4 INJ.CLAVAM BD + + + + + + 5 ASTHALIN NEB. 2.5ml Q6H + + + + + + 6 SYP.ALTIME CF JR 5ml/60ml BD + + + + + + 7 INJ.OFRAMAX IV BD + + + + + + Q8H
- 33. GENERIC NAME USES PARACETAMOL ANTIPYRECTIC ONDANSETRON ANTI-EMETIC SODIUM ACETATE+POTASSIUM CHLORIDE+MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE BODY FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE AMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACID ANTIBIOTIC SALBUTAMOL BRONCHODILATOR AMBROXOL,DEXTROMETHORPHAN, CETIRIZINE COUGH CEFTRIAXONE ANTIBIOTIC
- 34. Progress Chart DATE ALBUMIN NIL TC 13500cell/mm DC P-47%,L-43%,E-1% ESR 14mm/hr CRP 9mg/L 3/2/15
- 35. Discharge Medications NO TRADE NAME FREQUENCY PERIOD OF TREATMENT 1 TAB.MEDMOL 300mg SOS - 2 SYP.CEFOLAC 30ml/2.5ml BD 5 DAYS 3 SYP.ALTIME CF JR 60ml/5ml BD 5 DAYS
- 36. Get vaccinated Provide adequate rest Drink plenty of fluids ,especially Water Keep your child away from smoking Frequently check Temperature Using Humidifier Get plenty sleep Pharmacist Interventions
- 37. Control of indoor air pollution and promotion of healthy environment Adequate Nutrition Zinc supplementation Keep your child away from people with symptoms of a respiratory infection Practising Good Hygiene