This case presentation describes a 43-year-old female patient who presented with neck pain, hoarseness, constipation, weakness, myalgia, dry skin, decreased appetite, and facial puffiness. Laboratory tests revealed low levels of T3, T4, and hemoglobin and elevated levels of ESR and TSH, leading to a diagnosis of hypothyroidism and anemia. Imaging showed spondylosis and mild dislocation in the cervical spine, indicating cervical canal stenosis. The patient was treated with thyroxine, vitamins, minerals, gabapentin, and amitriptyline and advised lifestyle changes and follow up.
a case study on COPD with hypertension martinshaji
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure typically does not cause symptoms.
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a case study on COPD with hypertension martinshaji
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure typically does not cause symptoms.
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A 35-year old female patient was admitted to the female medicine ward with complaints of blackish discoloration of left toe, difficulty in walking since 5-6 months, joint pain since 15-20 years. she had a past history of malaria, convulsions and typhoid before 3-4 years.
a case presentation on diabetic foot/ case study on diabetic foot.martinshaji
This is a detailed study on diabetic foot a condition usually seen on patients with diabetics. this may become complicated according to the severity of the condition and diabetes , ideal management is needed with drugs sometimes surgical methods. this case study will give a detailed study about diabetic foot ............... the treatment, diagnosis , management, patient counselling, pharmacist intervention, pathophysiology etc
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A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack is a medical emergency.A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart.Without blood,tissues loses oxygen and dies
Case Review #13: 13 year old female softball player with Adolescent Idiopathi...Robert Pashman
A 13 year old female softball player presented with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. The degree of her scoliosis curve progressed to 48 degrees and she required a spinal fusion.
A 35-year old female patient was admitted to the female medicine ward with complaints of blackish discoloration of left toe, difficulty in walking since 5-6 months, joint pain since 15-20 years. she had a past history of malaria, convulsions and typhoid before 3-4 years.
a case presentation on diabetic foot/ case study on diabetic foot.martinshaji
This is a detailed study on diabetic foot a condition usually seen on patients with diabetics. this may become complicated according to the severity of the condition and diabetes , ideal management is needed with drugs sometimes surgical methods. this case study will give a detailed study about diabetic foot ............... the treatment, diagnosis , management, patient counselling, pharmacist intervention, pathophysiology etc
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A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack is a medical emergency.A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart.Without blood,tissues loses oxygen and dies
Case Review #13: 13 year old female softball player with Adolescent Idiopathi...Robert Pashman
A 13 year old female softball player presented with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. The degree of her scoliosis curve progressed to 48 degrees and she required a spinal fusion.
hypothyroidism introduction and five real cases manipulation.
patients with both hypothyroidism and hypertension, elderly dose,diabetes,pregnant ,hemorrhage and osteoporosis and their doses of thyroxin according to american guidelines
for 2012.
Case Review #8: 62 year old female with cervical spinal stenosisRobert Pashman
62 year old female with neck pain and left arm weakness. On MRI, the patient was found to have spinal stenosis. Dr. Pashman treated the patient with an Anterior Cervical Discecomy and fusion C4-/7.
This video explains Cervical Stenosis and Cervical Spondylosis/Arthritis. When stenosis begins to affect the spinal cord this is called Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. This video highlights the history, epidemiology, and treatment options both conservative and surgical. If you or someone you know needs to be seen in regards to Cervical Stenosis/Arthritis feel free to look us up online www.beverlyspine.com or www.santamonicaspine.com OR call toll free 1-8SPINECAL-1
case study on urinary tract infection.pptxdrsriram2001
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that occurs anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Here's a detailed explanation of urinary tract infections in four steps:
Cause and Risk Factors: UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) which is found in the digestive system. However, other bacteria such as Klebsiella and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs. UTIs can occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Risk factors for developing UTIs include:
Female anatomy: Women have a shorter urethra than men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Sexual activity: Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
Certain types of birth control: Diaphragms and spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
Menopause: Decreased estrogen levels can lead to changes in the urinary tract that increase susceptibility to infections.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Conditions such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can obstruct the flow of urine, increasing the risk of UTIs.
Symptoms: The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. Common symptoms include:
Pain or burning sensation during urination (dysuria)
Frequent urination
Urgency to urinate
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Pelvic pain in women
Rectal pain in men
Symptoms of a UTI in the elderly or individuals with weakened immune systems may be less specific and may include confusion or agitation.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of a UTI typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A urine sample may be collected to test for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other indicators of infection. In some cases, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics are most effective for treatment. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be ordered if there is suspicion of complications such as kidney infection or urinary tract obstruction.
Treatment and Prevention: Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the specific bacteria involved, and any underlying health conditions. In addition to antibiotic therapy, drinking plenty of fluids and urinating frequently can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Preventive measures for UTIs include:
Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
Urinating soon after sexual intercourse
Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
Avoiding the use of irritating feminine products or douches
Taking showers instead of baths
Cranberry products may help prevent recurrent UTIs in some individuals by preventing bacteria from adhering to the uti
case study on urinary tract infection.pptxdrsriram2001
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that occurs anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Here's a detailed explanation of urinary tract infections in four steps:
Cause and Risk Factors: UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) which is found in the digestive system. However, other bacteria such as Klebsiella and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs. UTIs can occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Risk factors for developing UTIs include:
Female anatomy: Women have a shorter urethra than men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Sexual activity: Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
Certain types of birth control: Diaphragms and spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
Menopause: Decreased estrogen levels can lead to changes in the urinary tract that increase susceptibility to infections.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Conditions such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can obstruct the flow of urine, increasing the risk of UTIs.
Symptoms: The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. Common symptoms include:
Pain or burning sensation during urination (dysuria)
Frequent urination
Urgency to urinate
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Pelvic pain in women
Rectal pain in men
Symptoms of a UTI in the elderly or individuals with weakened immune systems may be less specific and may include confusion or agitation.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of a UTI typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A urine sample may be collected to test for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other indicators of infection. In some cases, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics are most effective for treatment. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be ordered if there is suspicion of complications such as kidney infection or urinary tract obstruction.
Treatment and Prevention: Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the specific bacteria involved, and any underlying health conditions. In addition to antibiotic therapy, drinking plenty of fluids and urinating frequently can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Preventive measures for UTIs include:
Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
Urinating soon after sexual intercourse
Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
Avoiding the use of irritating feminine products or douches
Taking showers instead of baths
Cranberry products may help prevent recurrent UTIs in some individuals by preventing bacteria from adhering to the uti
Case presentation on abdominal migraineLogeshwary M
adominal migraine. Treatment for abdominal migraine is based on NICE guidelines and is found to be appropriate for the patient.
Based on the guidelines, treatment should include an triptans or NSAID based on the condition of the patient along with an antiemetic drug if vomiting. Symptomatic treatment should be given along with these drugs.
But opioids should not be given for paediatric patient according to NICE guidelines and FDA- label
The Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan (SOAP).the assessment will identify what the drug related/induced problem is likely to be and the reasoning/evidence behind it. This will include etiology and risk factors, assessments of the need for therapy, current therapy, and therapy options.
Michael J. Kavanaugh, M.D., of U.S. Navy Medicine, presents "An Unusual Presentation of a Known HIV Related Condition Presenting as a Septic Mimic" at AIDS Clinical Rounds
Pharmacist pay scales in 7th cpc proposed by ihpa Dr B Naga Raju
Y.Goverdhan, Sr Pharmacist,SWRailway/Ministry of Railways/ Govt of India presented Pharmacist's demands on behalf of Indian Hospital Pharmacists Association as General Secretary/ Mysore Branch/ Karnataka
Roles and Responsibilities of sponsor in conducting clinical trials as per GC...Dr B Naga Raju
Presentation on Roles and Responsibilities of sponsor in conducting clinical trials as per GCP-ICH for pursuing a subject in the course of PharmD programme under RGUHS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
3. SUBJECTIVE
Chief complaint/ History of Presenting illness:
h/o Neck pain since 4 months with radiating to right upper limb.
c/o Hoarseness of voice x 1yr
c/o Constipation since x 3 months
c/o Generalized Weakness x 2 months
c/o Myalgia x 1 month
c/o Coarse skin x 1month
c/o Decreased appetite x 1 month
c/o Facial puffiness x 5 days
Previous history:
Attained menopause 2 years back
Past MedicationHistory/Allergy:
Nothing significant
4. Family history:
Personal history:
no f/h/o DM, HTN, ASTHAMA, TB
Diet- Mixed
Appetite- Decreased
Sleep- Disturbed
Bowel – Constipation+
Bladder- Normal
Habits- None
OBJECTIVE
Physical examination :Conscious, co-operative, alert and oriented.
Vital signs:
BP - 116/80mmHg
RR – 18cpm
PR – 68bpm
Temp – afebrile.
6. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
TEST
TEST VALUE
NORMAL VALUE
Hb (g/dl)
11.9
12-16
TLC: (cells/cmm)
4500
4000-11000
DLC : N (%)
64
40-75
L (%)
28
20-45
E (%)
02
1-6
M (%)
05
2-10
B (%)
01
0-1
Platelets (cells/cmm)
1.8
1.5-4.0 lakh/cmm
ESR
21
0-20 mmhr
T3 (ng/ml)
0.14
0.60-1.81ng/ml
T4 (mcg/ml)
0.24
4.5-10.9mcg/ml
TSH (miU/L)
82.0
0.4-4.2miU/L
Radiogrphic
Imaging/MRI
Spondylosis changes in cervical spine Grade-I restore
C5 over C6 mild dislocate C4-5, C5-6 & C6-7 levelsNo significant canal/neural terminal compromise
7. ASSESMENT
Based on the subjective evidence[Hoarseness of voice,
Constipation, Generalized Weakness, Myalgia, Coarse
skin, Decreased appetite and Facial puffiness] &
objective evidence [ decreased levels of T3, T4, Hb and
elevated levels of ESR and TSH], the patient was
diagnosed to have Hypothyroidism with Anemia.
Radio Imaging & MRI shows that Spondylosis changes in
cervical spine Grade-I restore and C5 over C6 mild
dislocate C4-5, C5-6 & C6-7 levels of which can be
confirmed to have Cervical Canal Stenosis.
8. TREATMENT CHART
BRAND NAME
GENEROIC
NAME
DOSE
FREQU
ENCY
DATE
DATE END
T. Zentel400
Albendazole
400mg
0-0-1
15/2
---
T. Eliwel
Amitriptylline
10mg
0-0-1
15/2
17/2
T. Eltroxin
Thyroxine sod
100mcg
1-0-0
16/2
18/2
T. Gabantin Plus
Gabapentin+M
ethylcobala
100mg+
500mcg
1-0-1
17/2
18/2
C. Thirty Plus
Multivit& Min
--
0-1-0
17/2
18/2
MEDICINE ON DISCHARGE
(DAMA)
T. Eliwel
1hsod
T. Eltroxin
1od
T. Gabantin Plus
1hnod
C. Thirty Plus
10d
x 40days
Review on 01/4
9. PLAN
Suggestion to PhysicianNo drug interaction is found.
-Iron & vit-C preparations would have been advised.
-Investigation of Stool for ova and cyst would have advised.
-Hard cervical collar would have advised.
-Laxative might have been added whenever patient feels
constipation for time being.
10. Advice to patient Avoid rapid posture change.
Try to relax whenever possible.
Try to reduce stress & anxiousness, if any.
Make habit of doing exercise at least 30 min daily.
Adhere to medication.
Maintain hygiene.
Drink plenty of water.
Take
orange juice and iron rich foods like
chicken, meat, egg and green leafy vegetables like
spinach and beetroot.
Take thyroxine tablet on empty stomach
Need not be worried, if stool become darker or yellowish
urination after taking 30+.
Repeat TFT after 1-2 months as per convenience.